Geotechnical Engineering: Principles & Practices

by Coduto, Donald P.; Yeung, Man-chu Ronald; Kitch, William A.

• ISBN13: 9780135763803
• ISBN10: 0135763800
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Rigorous and technically deep -- yet accessible -- this up-to-date introduction to geotechnical engineering explores both the principles of soil mechanicsand their application to engineering practice -- emphasizing the role of geotechnical engineering in real design projects. An accompanying CD provides supplementary software developed specifically for learning purposes -- e.g., SETTRATE. Discusses site exploration and characterization; soil composition; soil classification; excavation, grading, and compacted fill; groundwater -- fundamentals and applications; stress; compressibility and settlement; rate of consolidation; strength; stability of earth slope; dams and levees; lateral earth pressures and retaining walls; structural foundations; difficult soils; soil improvement; and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Makes extensive use of photographs and example problems. For geotechnical engineers, soils engineers, ground engineers, structural engineers, and civil engineers.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix	(2)
Notation and Units of Measurement	xi
1. Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering	1	(14)
1.1 Historical Development	3	(8)
1.2 Modern Geotechnical Engineering	11	(1)
1.3 Accuracy of Geotechnical Engineering Analyses	12	(3)
2. Engineering Geology	15	(31)
2.1 Rock and Soil	16	(1)
2.2 Rock-Forming Minerals	17	(1)
2.3 The Geologic Cycle	18	(8)
2.4 Structural Geology	26	(6)
Questions and Practice Problems 2.1-2.8	32	(1)
2.5 Soil Formation, Transport, and Deposition	33	(10)
Questions and Practice Problems 2.9-2.12	43	(1)
Summary	43	(2)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 2.13-2.19	45	(1)
3. Site Exploration and Characterization	46	(48)
3.1 Project Assessment	47	(1)
3.2 Literature Search	48	(1)
3.3 Remote Sensing	49	(1)
3.4 Field Reconnaissance and Surface Exploration	50	(1)
3.5 Subsurface Exploration	51	(11)
3.6 Soil and Rock Sampling	62	(3)
3.7 Groundwater Exploration and Monitoring	65	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems 3.1-3.4	66	(2)
3.8 Ex-Situ Testing	68	(1)
3.9 In-Situ Testing	68	(16)
Questions and Practice Problems 3.5-3.8	84	(1)
3.10 Geophysical Exploration	84	(2)
3.11 Synthesis and Interpretation	86	(3)
3.12 Economics	89	(1)
3.13 Geotechnical Monitoring During Construction	90	(1)
Summary	90	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 3.9-3.12	91	(3)
4. Soil Composition	94	(42)
4.1 Soil as a Particulate Material	95	(1)
4.2 The Three Phases	95	(2)
4.3 Weight-Volume Relationships	97	(16)
Questions and Practice Problems 4.1-4.9	113	(2)
4.4 Particle Size and Shape	115	(8)
Questions and Practice Problems 4.10-4.14	123	(2)
4.5 Clay Soils	125	(3)
4.6 Plasticity and the Atterberg Limits	128	(3)
4.7 Structured vs. Unstructured Soils	131	(1)
4.8 Organic Soils	131	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems 4.15-4.19	132	(1)
Summary	133	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 4.20-4.28	134	(2)
5. Soil Classification	136	(21)
5.1 USDA Soil Classification System	136	(3)
5.2 AASHTO Soil Classification System	139	(2)
5.3 Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)	141	(9)
5.4 Visual-Manual Soil Classification	150	(1)
5.5 Supplemental Soil Classifications	150	(4)
5.6 Applicability and Limitations	154	(1)
Summary	155	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 5.1-5.13	155	(2)
6. Excavation, Grading, and Compacted Fill	157	(49)
6.1 Earthwork Construction Objectives	159	(1)
6.2 Construction Methods and Equipment	160	(17)
Questions and Practice Problems 6.1-6.4	177	(1)
6.3 Soil Compaction Standards and Assessment	177	(15)
Questions and Practice Problems 6.5-6.12	192	(1)
6.4 Suitability of Soils for Use as Compacted Fill	193	(2)
6.5 Earthwork Quantity Computations	195	(4)
6.6 Lightweight Fills	199	(1)
6.7 Deep Fills	200	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems 6.13-6.18	202	(1)
Summary	203	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 6.19-6.22	204	(2)
7. Groundwater -- Fundamentals	206	(34)
7.1 Hydrology	207	(3)
7.2 Coordinate System and Notation	210	(1)
7.3 Head and Pore Water Pressure	210	(8)
Questions and Practice Problems 7.1-7.5	218	(1)
7.4 Groundwater Flow Conditions	218	(2)
7.5 One-Dimensional Flow	220	(13)
7.6 Capillarity	233	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems 7.6-7.16	235	(2)
Summary	237	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 7.17-7.21	238	(2)
8. Groundwater -- Applications	240	(48)
8.1 Two-Dimensional Flow	240	(17)
Questions and Practice Problems 8.1-8.5	257	(1)
8.2 Three-Dimensional Flow	258	(8)
Questions and Practice Problems 8.6-8.7	266	(2)
8.3 Uplift Pressures on Structures	268	(4)
8.4 Groundwater Control and Dewatering	272	(5)
8.5 Soil Migration and Filtration	277	(7)
Questions and Practice Problems 8.8-8.11	284	(1)
Summary	285	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 8.12-8.18	286	(2)
9. Geoenvironmental Engineering	288	(26)
9.1 Types of Underground Contamination	292	(2)
9.2 Sources of Underground Contamination	294	(3)
9.3 Fate and Transport of Underground Contaminants	297	(5)
9.4 Geoenvironmental Site Characterization	302	(1)
9.5 Remediation Methods	302	(6)
9.6 Sanitary Landfills	308	(3)
Summary	311	(2)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 9.1-9.8	313	(1)
10. Stress	314	(52)
10.1 Simplifying Assumptions	315	(1)
10.2 Mechanics of Materials Review	316	(4)
10.3 Sources of Stress in the Ground	320	(1)
10.4 Geostatic Stresses	321	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems 10.1-10.2	323	(1)
10.5 Induced Stresses	323	(10)
10.6 Superposition	333	(3)
Questions and Practice Problems 10.3-10.7	336	(1)
10.7 Effective Stresses	336	(9)
Questions and Practice Problems 10.8-10.11	345	(1)
10.8 Programs STRESSP, STRESSL, STRESSR, and STRESSC	345	(3)
Question and Practice Problems 10.12-10.15	348	(1)
10.9 Mohr's Circle Analyses	348	(7)
Questions and Practice Problems 10.16-10.19	355	(1)
10.10 Seepage Force	356	(2)
10.11 Stresses in Layered Strata	358	(1)
10.12 Stress Paths	359	(1)
Summary	359	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 10.20-10.27	360	(6)
11. Compressibility and Settlement	366	(56)
11.1 Physical Processes	368	(1)
11.2 Changes in Vertical Effective Stress	369	(3)
11.3 Consolidation Settlement -- Physical Processes	372	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.1-11.4	377	(1)
11.4 Consolidation (Oedometer) Tests	377	(12)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.5-11.6	389	(1)
11.5 Consolidation Status in the Field	389	(3)
11.6 Compressibility of Stands and Gravels	392	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.7-11.9	394	(1)
11.7 Consolidation Settlement Predictions	394	(14)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.10-11.14	408	(1)
11.8 Crusts	409	(1)
11.9 Settlement of Unsaturated Soils	410	(1)
11.10 Secondary Compression Settlement	410	(3)
11.11 Distortion Settlement	413	(1)
11.12 Heave Due to Unloading	413	(1)
11.13 Accuracy of Settlement Predictions	413	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.15-11.17	414	(1)
Summary	415	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 11.18-11.31	416	(6)
12. Rate of Consolidation	422	(42)
12.1 Terzaghi's Theory of Consolidation	422	(12)
Questions and Practice Problems 12.1-12.5	434	(1)
12.2 Consolidation Settlement vs Time Computations	435	(12)
Questions and Practice Problems 12.6-12.10	447	(1)
12.3 The Coefficient of Consolidations; c(v)	448	(3)
12.4 Accuracy of Settlement Rate Predictions	451	(1)
12.5 Consolidation Monitoring	452	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 12.11-12.12	457	(1)
12.6 Other Sources of Time Dependency	457	(2)
12.7 Methods of Accelerating Settlement	459	(1)
Summary	459	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 12.13-12.20	460	(4)
13. Strength	464	(54)
13.1 Strength Analyses in Geotechnical Engineering	465	(1)
13.2 Shear Failure in Soils	466	(6)
13.3 Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion	472	(7)
Questions and Practice Problems 13.1-13.4	479	(1)
13.4 Shear Strength of Saturated Sands and Gravels	480	(4)
Questions and Practice Problems 13.5-13.7	484	(1)
13.5 Shear Strength of Saturated Clays and Silts	485	(13)
13.6 Shear Strength of Saturated Intermediate Soils	498	(1)
13.7 Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils	498	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems 13.8-13.13	498	(1)
13.8 Shear Strength Measumerements	499	(12)
13.9 Shear Strength at Interfaces Between Soil and Other Materials	511	(2)
13.10 Uncertainties in Shear Strength Assessments	513	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems 13.14-13.20	513	(1)
Summary	514	(2)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 13.21-13.26	516	(2)
14. Stability of Earth Slopes	518	(48)
14.1 Terminology	520	(1)
14.2 Modes of Slope Instability	520	(7)
Questions and Practice Problems 14.1-14.5	527	(1)
14.3 Analyses of Slope Stability Problems	527	(1)
14.4 Quantitative Analysis of Slides	528	(24)
Questions and Practice Problems 14.6-14.16	552	(3)
14.5 Stabilization Measures	555	(6)
14.6 Instrumentation	561	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems 14.17-14.20	563	(1)
Summary	564	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 14.21-14.22	565	(1)
15. Dams and Levees	566	(15)
15.1 Dams	567	(11)
15.2 Levees	578	(1)
Summary	579	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 15.1-15.4	580	(1)
16. Lateral Earth Pressures and Retaining Walls	581	(35)
16.1 Horizontal Stresses in Soil	581	(9)
16.2 Classical Lateral Earth Pressure Theories	590	(11)
Questions and Practice Problems 16.1-16.7	601	(1)
16.3 Equivalent Fluid Method	601	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems 16.8-16.11	602	(1)
16.4 Groundwater Effects	603	(3)
Questions and Practice Problems 16.12-16.13	606	(1)
16.5 Retaining Walls	607	(7)
Summary	614	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 16.14-16.16	615	(1)
17. Structural Foundations	616	(34)
17.1 Types of Foundations	616	(2)
17.2 Spread Footings -- Bearing Pressure	618	(3)
17.3 Spread Footings -- Bearing Capacity	621	(8)
Questions and Practice Problems 17.1-17.6	629	(1)
17.4 Spread Footings -- Settlement	630	(10)
Questions and Practice Problems 17.7-17.11	640	(1)
17.5 Spread Footings -- Synthesis and Design	641	(6)
Questions and Practice Problems 17.12-17.16	647	(1)
17.6 Recognizing the Need For More Extensive Foundations	648	(1)
Summary	648	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 17.17-17.18	649	(1)
18. Difficult Soils	650	(19)
18.1 Weak and Compressible Soils	650	(3)
18.2 Expansive Soils	653	(5)
18.3 Collapsible Soils	658	(1)
18.4 Frozen Soils	658	(7)
18.5 Corrosive Soils	665	(2)
Summary	667	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 18.1-18.4	668	(1)
19. Soil Improvement	669	(12)
19.1 Removal and Replacement	670	(1)
19.2 Precompression	670	(3)
19.3 In-Situ Densification	673	(3)
19.4 In-Situ Replacement	676	(1)
19.5 Grouting	676	(1)
19.6 Stabilization Using Admixtures	677	(1)
19.7 Reinforcement	678	(1)
Summary	679	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 19.1-19.3	680	(1)
20. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering	681	(31)
20.1 Earthquakes	681	(6)
20.2 Ground Shaking	687	(4)
20.3 Liquefaction	691	(11)
20.4 Surface Rupture	702	(2)
20.5 Other Permanent Ground Deformations	704	(2)
20.6 Tsunamis and Seiches	706	(1)
20.7 Seismic Provisions in Building Codes	707	(1)
Summary	708	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 20.1-20.8	709	(3)
Appendix A--Recommended Resources for Further Study	712	(8)
Appendix B--Unit Conversion Factors	720	(3)
Appendix C--Computer Software	723	(2)
References	725	(18)
Name Index	743	(5)
Subject Index	748