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JEAN-LOUIS BRIAUD, PhD, is Past President of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. He is a Professor and Holder of the Spencer J. Buchanan Chair in the Zachry Department of Civil Engineering at Texas A&M University and a research engineer with the Texas A&M Transportation Institute. Over the last thirty years, he has conducted extensive research on various aspects of geotechnical engineering and has been a consultant on numerous large-scale projects in several countries. Among other awards, he has received the ASTM C.A. Hogentogler Award, the ASCE Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize, the ASCE Martin Kapp Award, the G. Geoffrey Meyerhof Award from the Canadian Geotechnical Society, and the ASCE Ralph B. Peck Award.
1 Introduction
1.1 Why this book?
1.2 Geotechnical-engineering
1.3 The past and the future
1.4 Some recent and notable projects
1.5 Failures may occur
1.6 Our work is buried
1.7 Geotechnical engineering can be fun
1.8 Units
Problems
2 Engineering Geology
2.1 Definition
2.2 The Earth
2.3 Geologic Time
2.4 Rocks
2.5 Soils
2.6 Geological features
2.7 Geologic maps
2.8 Ground water
Problems
3 Soil Components and Weight-Volume Parameters
3.1 Particles, liquid, and gas
3.2 Particle size, shape, and color
3.3 Composition of gravel, sand, and silt particles
3.4 Composition of clay and silt particles
3.5 Particle behavior
3.6 Soil structure
3.7 Three phase diagram
3.8 Weight volume parameters
3.9 Measurement of the weight volume parameters
3.10 Solving a weight volume problem
Chapter 3 Problems
4 Soil Classification
4.1 Sieve analysis
4.2 Hydrometer analysis
4.3 Atterberg limits and other limits
4.4 Classification parameters
4.5 Engineering significance of classification parameters and plasticity chart
4.6 Unified Soil Classification System USCS
Problems
5 Rocks
5.1 Rock groups and identification
5.2 Rock mass vs rock substance
5.3 Rock discontinuities
5.4 Rock index properties
5.5 Rock engineering properties
5.6 Rock mass rating
5.7 Rock engineering problems
5.8 Permafrost
Problems
6 Site Investigation, Drilling, and Sampling
6.1 General
6.2 Preliminary site investigation
6.3 Number and depth of borings and in-situ tests
6.4 Drilling
6.5 Sampling
6.6 Ground water level
6.7 Field identification and boring logs
6.8 Soil names
6.9 Offshore site investigations
Problems
7 In Situ Tests
7.1 Standard penetration test (SPT)
7.2 Cone penetration test (CPT)
7.3 Pressuremeter test (PMT)
7.4 Dilatometer test (DMT)
7.5 Vane shear test (VST)
7.6 Borehole shear test (BST)
7.7 Plate load test (PLT)
7.8 California Bearing Ratio Test (CBR)
7.9 Pocket penetrometer, torvane tests
7.10 Pocket erodometer test
7.11 Compaction control tests
7.12 Hydraulic conductivity field tests (HCT)
7.13 Offshore in situ tests
Problems
8 Elements of Geophysics
8.1 General
8.2 Seismic techniques
8.3 Electrical resistivity techniques
8.4 Electromagnetic methods
8.5 Remote sensing techniques
Problems
9 Laboratory Tests
9.1 General
9.2 Measurements
9.3 Compaction Test Dry Unit Weight
9.4 Compaction Test Soil Modulus
9.5 Consolidation Test
9.6 Swell Test
9.7 Shrink Test
9.8 Collapse Test
9.9 Direct Shear Test
9.10 Simple Shear Test
9.11 Unconfined Compression Test
9.12 Triaxial Test
9.13 Resonant Column Test
9.14 Lab Vane Test
9.15 Soil Water Retention Curve (Soil Water Characteristic Curve) Test
9.16 Constant Head Permeameter Test
9.17 Falling Head Permeameter Test for Saturated Soils
9.18 Wetting Front Test for Unsaturated Soils
9.19 Air Permeability Test for Unsaturated Soils
9.20 Erosion Test
Problems
10 Stresses, Effective Stress, Water Stress, Air Stress, and Strains
10.1 General
10.2 Stress vector, normal stress, shear stress, stress tensor
10.3 Sign convention for stresses and strains
10.4 Calculating stresses on any plane: equilibrium equations for two dimensional analysis
10.5 Calculating stresses on any plane: Mohr circle for two dimensional analysis
10.6 Mohr circle in three dimensions
10.7 Stress invariants
10.8 Displacements
10.9 Normal strain, shear strain, strain tensor
10.10 Cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates
10.11 Stress-strain curves
10.12 Stresses in the three soil phases
10.13 Effective stress (unsaturated soils)
10.14 Effective stress (saturated soils)
10.15 Area ratio factors α and β
10.16 Water stress profiles
10.17 Water tension, suction
10.18 Precision on water content and water tension
10.19 Stress profile at rest in unsaturated soils
10.20 Soil Water Retention Curve
10.21 Independent Stress State variables
Problems
11 Problem Solving Methods
11.1 General
11.2 Drawing to scale as a first step
11.3 Available laws
11.4 Continuum Mechanics Methods
11.5 Numerical Simulation Methods (FDM, FEM, DEM, BEM)
11.6 Probability and Risk Analysis
11.7 Regression analysis
11.8 Artificial neural network method (ANN)
11.9 Dimensional analysis
11.10 Similitude laws for experimental simulations
11.11 Types of Analyses (drained–undrained, effective stress–total stress, short term– long term)
Problems
12 Soil Constitutive Models
12.1 Elasticity
12.2 Linear viscoelasticity
12.3 Plasticity
12.4 Common models
Problems
13 Flow of Fluid and Gas Through Soils
13.1 General
13.2 Flow of water in a saturated soil
13.3 Flow of water and air in unsaturated soil
Problems
14 Deformation Properties
14.1 Modulus of deformation general
14.2 Modulus which one?
14.3 Modulus influence of state factors
14.4 Modulus influence of loading factor
14.5 Modulus differences between fields of application
14.6 Modulus, modulus of subgrade reaction, and stiffness
14.7 Common values of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio
14.8 Correlations with other tests
14.9 Modulus, a comprehensive model
14.10 Initial tangent modulus Go or Gmax
14.11 Preconsolidation pressure and overconsolidation ratio from consolidation test
14.12 Compression index, recompression index, secondary compression index from consolidation test
14.13 Time effect from consolidation test
14.14 Resilient modulus for pavements
14.15 Unsaturated soils, effect of drying and wetting on the modulus
14.16 Shrink-swell deformation behavior, shrink-swell modulus
14.17 Collapse deformation behavior
Problems
15 Shear Strength Properties
15.1 General
15.2 Basic experiments
15.3 Stress strain curve, water stress response, and stress path
15.4 Shear strength envelope
15.5 Unsaturated soils
15.6 Experimental determination of shear strength (lab tests, in situ tests)
15.7 Estimating effective stress shear strength parameters
15.8 Undrained shear strength of saturated fine grained soils
15.9 The ratio su/σov’ and the SHANSEP method
15.10 ndrained shear strength for unsaturated soils
15.11 Pore pressure parameters A and B
15.12 Estimating undrained shear strength values
15.13 Residual strength parameters and sensitivity
15.14 Strength profiles
15.15 Types of analyses
15.16 Transformation from effective stress solution to undrained strength solution
Problems
16 Thermodynamics for Soil Problems
16.1 General
16.2 Definitions
16.3 Constitutive and fundamental laws
16.4 Heat conduction theory
16.5 Axisymmetric heat propagation
16.6 Thermal properties of soils
16.7 Multilayer systems
16.8 Applications
16.9 Frozen soils
Problems
17 Shallow Foundations
17.1 Definitions
17.2 Case history
17.3 Definitions and design strategy
17.4 Limit states, load and resistance factors, factor of safety
17.5 General behavior
17.6 Ultimate bearing capacity
17.7 Load Settlement Curve Approach
17.8 Settlement
17.9 Shrink-swell movement, swelling pressures, collapse movement
17.10 Foundations on shrink swell soils
17.11 Tolerable movements
17.12 Large mat foundations
Problems
18 Deep Foundations
18.1 Different types of deep foundations
18.2 Design strategy
18.3 Pile installation
18.4 Vertical load single pile
18.5 Vertical load pile group
18.6 Downdrag
18.7 Piles in shrink-swell soils
18.8 Horizontal load and moment–single pile
18.9 Horizontal load and Moment pile group
18.10 Combined Piled Raft Foundation (CPRF)
Problems
19 Slope Stability
19.1 General
19.2 Design approach
19.3 Infinite slopes
19.4 Seepage force in stability analysis
19.5 Plane surfaces
19.6 Block analysis
19.7 Slopes with water in tensile crack
19.8 Chart methods
19.9 Method of slices
19.10 Water stress for slope stability
19.11 Types of analyses:
19.12 Progressive failure in strain softening soils
19.13 Shallow slide failures in compacted unsaturated embankments
19.14 Reinforced slopes
19.15 Probabilistic approach
19.16 Three dimensional (3D) circular failure analysis
19.17 Finite element analysis.
19.18 Seismic slope analysis
19.19 Monitoring
19.20 Repair methods
Problems
20 Compaction
20.1 General
20.2 Compaction laboratory tests
20.3 Compaction field tests
20.4 Compaction and soil type
20.5 Intelligent roller compaction
20.6 Impact roller compaction
20.7 Dynamic or drop-weight compaction
20.8 Problems
21 Retaining Walls
21.1 Different types (top–down, bottom–up)
21.2 Active, at rest, passive earth pressure and displacement in between
21.3 Earth pressure theories
21.4 Special case of undrained behavior of fine grained soils
21.5 At rest earth pressure
21.6 Earth pressure due to compaction
21.7 Earth pressures in shrink swell soils
21.8 Displacements
21.9 Gravity walls
21.10 Mechanically stabilized earth walls or MSE walls
21.11 Cantilever top-down walls
21.12 Anchored walls and strutted walls
21.13 Soil nail walls
21.14 Special case of trench
Problems
22 Earthquake Geo-Engineering
22.1 Background
22.2 Earthquake magnitude
22.3 Wave propagation
22.4 Dynamic soil properties
22.5 Ground motion
22.6 Seismic hazard analysis
22.7 Ground response analysis
22.8 Design parameters
22.9 Liquefaction
22.10 Seismic slope stability
22.11 Seismic design of retaining walls
22.12 Seismic design of foundations
Problems
23 Erosion of Soils and Scour Problems
23.1 The erosion phenomenon
23.2 Erosion models
23.3 Measuring the erosion function
23.4 Soil erosion categories
23.5 Rock erosion
23.6 Water velocity
23.7 Geometry of the obstacle
23.8 Bridge scour
23.9 River meandering
23.10 Levee overtopping
23.11 Countermeasures for erosion protection
23.12 Internal erosion of earth dams
Problems
24 GeoEnvironmental Engineering
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Types of wastes and contaminants
24.3 Laws and regulations
24.4 Geochemistry background
24.5 Contamination
24.6 Remediation
24.7 Landfills
24.8 Future considerations
Problems
25 Geosynthetics
25.1 General
25.2 Types of geosynthetics
25.3 Properties of geosynthetics
25.4 Design for separation
25.5 Design of liners and covers
25.6 Design for reinforcement
25.7 Design for Filtration and drainage
25.8 Design for erosion control
25.9 Other design applications
Problems
26 Soil Improvement
26.1 Overview
26.2 Soil improvement without admixture in coarse grained soils
26.3 Soil improvement without admixture in fine grained soils
26.4 Soil improvement with replacement
26.5 Soil improvement with grouting and admixtures
26.6 Soil improvement with inclusions
26.7 Selection of soil improvement method
Problems
27 Technical Communications
27.1 General
27.2 E-mails
27.3 Letters
27.4 Geotechnical Reports
27.5 Theses and Dissertations
27.6 Visual Aids for Reports
27.7 Phone Calls
27 8 Meetings
27.9 Presentations and PowerPoint Slides
27.10 Media Interaction
27.11 Ethical Behavior
27.12 Belong to Your Professional Society
27.13 Rules for a Successful Career
References
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