Geothermal Heat Pumps

by Oschsner, Karl

• ISBN13: 9781844074068
• ISBN10: 1844074064
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-12-30
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

'This book, firmly grounded on the European experience of a heat pump engineer and manufacturer, contains a wealth of information both theoretical and practical which will be of great assistance to both system designers and installers.'Tony Bowen, president, Heat Pump Association, UK'A comprehensive and up-to-date guide which I would recommend to any installer, engineer or architect for the design, selection and installation of domestic geothermal heat pump systems.'Professor Gerhard Faninger, University of Klagenfurt, AustriaGeothermal Heat Pumps is the most comprehensive guide to the selection, design and installation of geothermal heat pumps available. This leading manual presents the most recent information and market developments in order to put any installer, engineer or architect in the position to design, select and install a domestic geothermal heat pump system. Internationally respected expert Karl Ochsner presents the reasons to use heat pumps, introduces basic theory and reviews the wide variety of available heat pump models.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. x
Introduction	p. xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations	p. xviii
Reasons to Use a Heat Pump	p. 1
Environmental benefits	p. 1
Our environment is in danger	p. 1
Tracking down the culprit	p. 2
Heat pumps offer emission-free operation on-site	p. 2
Operating costs	p. 4
Independence	p. 5
Comfort	p. 6
Security for the future	p. 6
Non-flammability	p. 8
Responsibility for the future	p. 8
Ideal for low energy houses	p. 8
Retrofit	p. 8
Multiple functions	p. 9
Public promotion	p. 9
Energy politics/laws	p. 9
Theory of the Heat Pump	p. 11
The principle	p. 11
The refrigeration cycle	p. 12
Coefficient of performance	p. 12
Carnot Cycle	p. 13
Working fluid/refrigerant	p. 15
Enthalpy-pressure diagram	p. 16
Heat pump cycle with injection cooling	p. 17
Heat Pump Types	p. 18
Brine/water, water/water heat pump	p. 18
Refrigeration cycle	p. 18
Refrigerant	p. 19
Electrical components and controller	p. 20
Safety measures	p. 20
Display	p. 20
Direct expansion/water heat pump	p. 21
Refrigeration cycle	p. 22
Refrigerant	p. 22
Electrical components and controller	p. 23
Safety measures	p. 23
Display	p. 23
Direct expansion/direct condensation heat pump	p. 23
Air/water heat pump - split units	p. 24
Refrigeration components - indoor unit	p. 24
Refrigeration components - outdoor unit	p. 24
Refrigerant	p. 25
Electrical components and controller	p. 25
Safety measures	p. 25
Display	p. 25
Air/water heat pump - compact units, indoor installation	p. 26
Refrigeration cycle	p. 26
Refrigerant	p. 26
Electrical components and controller	p. 27
Safety measures	p. 27
Display	p. 27
Air/water heat pump - compact units, outdoor installation	p. 27
Domestic hot water/heat pumps - air source, split units	p. 28
Refrigeration cycle	p. 28
Refrigerant	p. 29
Electrical components	p. 30
Domestic hot water heat pump - air source, split units	p. 30
Ground/water heat pump - domestic hot water heat pump - air source, split units	p. 32
Air/air heat pump - ventilation	p. 33
Exhaust-air heat pumps, additional design	p. 33
Heat pumps for air heating/cooling	p. 33
Complete System Planning	p. 35
Planning a heat pump heating system	p. 35
Heat source selection	p. 36
Heating system selection	p. 36
Heat pump selection	p. 37
Determination of heating demand	p. 37
Utility interruptible rates	p. 38
Domestic hot water heating	p. 39
Operation configurations	p. 39
Heat pump selection	p. 41
Retrofit/renovation	p. 44
Planning Instructions for Ground Heat Source - Brine Systems (Horizontal Collector, Trench, Vertical Loop)	p. 46
Ground heat source	p. 46
System description	p. 46
Ground conditions	p. 46
Layout and installation of ground collector	p. 47
Horizontal collector installations	p. 47
Trench collector/spiral collector	p. 49
Vertical loop	p. 49
Connection	p. 52
Collection vault	p. 52
Safety clearance	p. 53
Building penetrations	p. 53
Brine circulation loop	p. 53
Commissioning	p. 56
CO[subscript 2] loop	p. 57
Planning Instructions for Ground Heat Source - Direct Expansion Systems	p. 58
Ground heat source	p. 58
Ground conditions	p. 59
Layout and installation of collector	p. 59
Horizontal loop installations	p. 59
Connection	p. 61
Collection vault	p. 61
Safety clearance	p. 61
Building penetration	p. 62
Commissioning	p. 62
Planning Instructions for Water Heat Source Systems	p. 63
Water heat source	p. 63
Ground and well conditions	p. 64
Design	p. 64
Connection	p. 66
Components/filter	p. 66
Building penetrations	p. 66
Commissioning	p. 66
Planning Details for Air Heat Source Systems	p. 69
Air heat source	p. 69
Design	p. 70
Split-system	p. 70
Compact systems - indoor set-up	p. 72
Compact systems - outdoor set-up	p. 73
Operation configuration	p. 75
Monovalent systems	p. 75
Bivalent-parallel	p. 76
Bivalent-alternate	p. 77
Commissioning	p. 77
Planning Instructions - Heating Systems	p. 78
Heating circulation loop control	p. 78
Hydraulic separation	p. 78
Buffer storage tank	p. 80
Circulation pump	p. 80
Connection group	p. 81
Heating/cooling distribution system	p. 81
Radiant floor heating	p. 82
Heating capacity and self-controlling effect	p. 84
Radiant wall heating	p. 86
Radiators	p. 87
Domestic hot water production	p. 87
Heating and Cooling - Reversible Heat Pump	p. 90
Response to climate change	p. 90
Technical requirements for buildings	p. 90
Planning for active cooling	p. 91
Sizing of ground collectors and vertical loops	p. 92
Cooling distribution system: radiant/surface cooling	p. 93
Refrigeration circuit for active cooling	p. 93
Control	p. 94
Economics	p. 94
Solar cooling	p. 95
Groundwater heat source	p. 95
Operating range	p. 95
Control of Heat Pump Heating Systems - Electrical Connections	p. 96
Controller and control system	p. 96
Heat pump control	p. 96
Additional functions of heat pump control	p. 97
Hydraulic schematics	p. 97
Single room control/zone control	p. 97
Other systems	p. 98
Electrical connections	p. 98
Domestic Hot Water Production	p. 100
General instructions for domestic hot water	p. 100
Why not with the heating loop?	p. 100
Domestic hot water system comparison	p. 100
Separation of domestic hot water from the heating system	p. 103
Information for planning and operation of a domestic hot water system	p. 104
Installation instructions	p. 104
Hot water demand- guidelines	p. 104
DVGW - worksheet W551	p. 104
Additional optional functions of hot water heat pumps	p. 105
Additional cooling benefit	p. 106
Additional basement dehumidifying benefit	p. 106
Additional distilled water benefit	p. 106
Additional ventilation benefit	p. 107
Installation	p. 108
Water connections	p. 109
Water connections	p. 109
Air connections	p. 109
Air ducts	p. 109
Condensate water drain	p. 109
Ground collector connection	p. 109
Heating heat exchanger	p. 109
Controlled Dwelling Ventilation	p. 111
Why ventilate?	p. 111
Why controlled dwelling ventilation?	p. 112
Types of controlled dwelling ventilation	p. 113
Comprehensive living climate	p. 114
Combined units for heating, hot water preparation and ventilation	p. 115
Specialized Installations	p. 116
Renovations	p. 116
Low energy/passive house	p. 117
Swimming pool heating	p. 119
Livestock stable heat pump	p. 119
Absorber	p. 120
Heat pumps for industrial applications	p. 120
Industrial waste heat use/indirect water source	p. 122
CO[subscript 2]-heat pipes	p. 123
Appendices	p. 126
Hydraulic schematics	p. 126
Investment/operation costs (1/2007)	p. 133
Units, symbols and conversion	p. 141
List of Figures and Sources
List of Tables and Sources
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.