Geriatric Rehabilitation Manual

by Kauffman

• ISBN13: 9780443076510
• ISBN10: 0443076510
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-04-09
• Publisher: Churchill Livingstone

Summary

This new resource is a concise, comprehensive clinical manual for those who evaluate and treat older patients. This user-friendly resource provides fast access to the definition, incidence, related conditions, tests and related diagnoses, clinical relevance, and therapeutic intervention of particular conditions or problems.

Table of Contents

Unit I PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Wholeness of the Individual	3	(5)
Timothy L. Kauffman
Osa Jackson
Various Medical Models Or Prespectives	3	(2)
Aging Considerations And Rehabilitation	5	(1)
A New Paradigm	6	(2)
Skeletal Muscle Function in Older People	8	(4)
Walter R. Frontera
Lars Larsson
Neuromuscular Performance	8	(3)
Limitations of the Scientific Evidence In Humans	11	(1)
Effects of Aging on Bone	12	(2)
Mary M. Checovich
M. S. Everett L. Smith
Bone Structure	12	(1)
Bone Remodeling	13	(1)
Calcium And Mechanical Homeostasis	13	(1)
Effects of Age on Joints and Ligaments	14	(2)
Louis R. Amundsen
Joints And Ligaments	14	(2)
Aging and the Central Nervous System	16	(8)
Darcy Umphred
Rosanne W. Lewis
Nervous System Changes With Aging	16	(3)
Models of Disabilities	19	(1)
Theories of Motor Control And Motor Learning	20	(2)
Systems Interactions And Rehabilitation	22	(1)
Clinical Examples	22	(2)
Cardiac Considerations in the Older Patient	24	(5)
Meryl Cohen
Cardiovascular Structure	24	(1)
Cardiovascular Physiology	25	(1)
Age-Related Cardiovascular Changes And Exercise	26	(1)
Age-Related Cardiovascular Changes And Disease	27	(2)
Pulmonary Considerations in the Older Patient	29	(5)
Meryl Cohen
Pulmonary Structure	29	(1)
Pulmonary Physiology	30	(1)
Age-Related Pulmonary Changes And Exercise	31	(2)
Age-Related Pulmonary Changes And Disease	33	(1)
Effects of Aging on Vascular Function	34	(5)
Deborah Wojcik
Kristin von Nieda
Structural Changes Associated with Aging	35	(1)
Physiological Changes Associated With Aging	35	(2)
Autonomic System Changes With Aging	37	(1)
Alterations In The Vascular Response To Exercise With Aging	37	(2)
The Effects of Aging on the Digestive System	39	(5)
Ronni Chernoff
Nutritional Requirements Of The Aging	39	(2)
The Aging Gastrointestinal Tract And Nutrition	41	(3)
Laboratory Assessment: Considerations for Aging Persons	44	(2)
Chris Stabler
Age-Related Considerations	44	(1)
Indications For Laboratory Assessment	45	(1)
Thermoregulation: Considerations for Aging Persons	46	(7)
John Sanko
Hyperthermia	47	(1)
Hypothalamus And Thermal Regulation	48	(1)
Mobility And Psychosocial Factors	48	(1)
Physiological Factors	49	(1)
Possible Effects of Medication	50	(1)
Postsurgical Considerations	50	(1)
Clinical Considerations	50	(3)
The Aging Immune System	53	(4)
Gordon Dickinson
Innate And Acquired Immunity	53	(1)
Immune Function Changes And Risk Of Infection	54	(1)
Implications of Immune Dysfunction	55	(2)
Pharmacology Considerations for Aging Persons	57	(10)
Charles D. Ciccone
Treatment of Pain And Inflammation	57	(1)
Psychotropic Medications	58	(2)
Neurological Disorders	60	(1)
Cardiovascular Drugs	60	(7)
Unit II PATHOKINESIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
SECTION 1 MUSCULOSKELETAL INVOLVEMENT
Posture	67	(3)
Timothy L. Kauffman
Axial And Appendicular Skeletal Changes	67	(1)
Soft Tissue	67	(2)
Clinical Considerations	69	(1)
Muscle Weakness and Therapeutic Exercise	70	(5)
Timothy L. Kauffman
Definitions	70	(1)
Assessment	71	(1)
Strength Training	72	(1)
When Strength Training is Not Effective	73	(2)
Stretch Weakness	75	(2)
Timothy L. Kauffman
The Risk In Prolonged Sitting	75	(1)
Treatment Considerations For Stretch Weakness	75	(2)
Contractures	77	(3)
Reenie Euhardy
Mechanisms of Contracture	77	(1)
Normal Effects Of Aging	77	(1)
Pathology	78	(1)
Function With Contracture	78	(1)
Incidence	78	(1)
Treatment	78	(2)
Postpolio Syndrome	80	(2)
Susan Rush
Signs and Symptoms of PPS	81	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention	81	(1)
Osteoporosis	82	(5)
Diane Krueger
Mary M. Checovich
Neil Binkley
Defining Osteoporosis	82	(1)
Epidemiology and Economic and Functional Impact	83	(1)
Clinical Evaluation	83	(1)
Preventive Strategies	84	(1)
Treatment of Osteoporosis	85	(1)
The Role of Physical Therapy in Osteoporosis Treatment	86	(1)
Rheumatic Conditions	87	(7)
June Hanks
David Levine
Osteoarthritis	87	(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	88	(2)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	90	(1)
Gout	91	(1)
Pseudogout	92	(1)
Polymyalgia Rheumatica	92	(1)
Bursitis	92	(1)
Tendinitis	93	(1)
Dense Mineralized Connective Tissue Osteomalacia and Paget's Disease of Bone	94	(5)
Katie Lundon
Osteomalacia	94	(2)
Paget's Disease of Bone	96	(3)
The Shoulder	99	(6)
Edmund M. Kosmahl
Degenerative Rotator Cuff	100	(1)
Fracture of The Proximal Humerus	100	(1)
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty	101	(2)
Shoulder Pain In Hemiplegia	103	(2)
Total Hip Replacement	105	(6)
Mark Brimer
Indications For Thr	105	(1)
The Surgical Approach For Thr	106	(1)
Rehabilitation	106	(5)
Total Knee Replacement	111	(3)
Mark Brimer
The Three Categories of Implants Fixation of the Implant	112	(1)
Rehabilitation	112	(2)
The Aging Bony Thorax	114	(7)
Jane K. Schroeder
Kinesiology	116	(1)
Pathologies Involving The Bony Thorax	117	(1)
Assessment	118	(2)
Rehabilitation Intervention	120	(1)
Conditions of the Geriatric Cervical Spine	121
Jeff A. Martin
Zoran Maric
Robert R. Karpman
Common Clinical Syndromes	122	(1)
History, Physical Examination, and Imaging	122	(1)
Treatment	123
Disorders of the Geriatric Thoracic and Lumbosacral Spine	124	(1)
Robert R. Karpman
Treatment of Compression Fractures	124	(1)
Disorders of the Lumbosacral Spine	124
Orthopedic Trauma	125	(130)
E. Frederick Barrick
Basic Principles for Rehabilitation	125	(2)
Rehabilitation After Specific Injuries	127	(3)
SECTION 2 NEUROMUSCULAR AND NEUROLOGIC INVOLVEMENT
Rehabilitation After Stroke	130	(4)
Robert C. Wagenaar
Gert Kwakkel
Epidemiology of Stroke	130	(1)
Rehabilitation After Stroke	131	(3)
Neurological Trauma	134
Nancy M. Prickett
Closed Head Trauma	134	(1)
Spinal Cord Trauma	135	(1)
Plexus and Peripheral Injury	135
Senile Dementia and Cognitive Impairment	136	(142)
Osa Jackson
Definition of Terms	136	(1)
Rehabilitation: Empowering the Patient	137	(5)
Multiple Sclerosis	142	(8)
Deborah L. Cooke
Course and Prognosis	142	(2)
Pathology and Causes	144	(1)
Diagnostic Criteria	145	(1)
Impairments and Disabilities	145	(2)
Clinical Assessment in MS	147	(1)
Rehabilitation	148	(2)
Parkinson's Disease	150	(5)
Michael Moran
Signs and Symptoms	150	(1)
Interventions	150	(5)
Tremors, Chorea, and Other Involuntary Movements	155	(10)
Michelle Lusardi
Definition of Terms	155	(3)
Classification Strategies and Differential Diagnosis of Tremors	158	(3)
Chorea and Other Types of Involuntary Movement	161	(3)
Nonpharmacological Interventions	164	(1)
Generalized Peripheral Neuropathy	165	(5)
James K. Richardson
Recognizing a Generalized Peripheral Neuropathy	165	(2)
The Functional Ramifications of PN	167	(1)
Treating the Patient with PN	167	(3)
Localized Peripheral Neuropathies	170	(9)
James K. Richardson
Numb Hand	170	(4)
Foot-Drop	174	(2)
Thigh Numbness or Weakness	176	(3)
SECTION 3 NEOPLASMS
Neoplasms of the Brain	179	(3)
Stephen A. Gudas
Presentation and Distinguishing Factors	179	(1)
Clinical Relevance	179	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention	180	(2)
Neoplasms of the Breast	182	(3)
Stephen A. Gudas
Presentation and Distinguishing Factors	182	(1)
Clinical Relevance	183	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention	184	(1)
Gastric and Colon Neoplasms	185	(4)
Stephen A. Gudas
Presentation and Distingushing Factors	185	(1)
Clinical Relevance	186	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention in Gastric Cancer	187	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention in Colon Cancer	187	(2)
Neoplasms of the Skin	189	(2)
Stephen A. Gudas
Presentation and Distinguishing Factors	189	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention	190	(1)
Neoplasms of the Prostate	191	(3)
Stephen A. Gudas
Presentation and Distinguishing Factors	191	(1)
Therapeutic Considerations	192	(2)
SECTION 4 HEART DISEASE
Exercise Considerations for Cardiopulmonary Disease	194	(9)
Pamela Reynolds
Exercise Considerations	194	(9)
Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease	203	(2)
Joanne Dalgleish
Pamela Reynolds
Atherosclerosis	203	(1)
Coronary Artery Disease	204	(1)
Ischemic Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction	205	(6)
Joanne Dalgleish
Pamela Reynolds
Myocardial Ischemia	206	(2)
Acute Myocardial Infarction	208	(3)
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances	211	(13)
Joanne Dalgleish
Pamela Reynolds
Rhythm Disturbances	212	(9)
Conduction Disturbances	221	(2)
Rehabilitation Considerations For The Person With Cardiac Arrhythmia Or Conduction Disturbance	223	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure and Valvular Heart Disease	224	(4)
Joanne Dalgleish
Chris Wells
Congestive Heart Failure	224	(2)
Valvular Disease	226	(2)
Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators	228	(3)
Chris Wells
Joanne Dalgleish
Pacemakers	229	(1)
Defibrillators	230	(1)
Invasive Cardiac Procedures	231	(5)
Chris Wells
Joanne Dalgleish
Catheterization	231	(1)
Angioplasty	232	(1)
Atherectomy	233	(1)
Stents	233	(1)
Lasers	233	(1)
Bypass Surgery (CABG)	233	(1)
Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass	234	(1)
Transmyocardial Revascularization	234	(1)
Valvular Procedures	235	(1)
Pulmonary Diseases	236	(7)
Chris Wells
Joanne Dalgleish
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	236	(4)
Pulmonary Fibrosis	240	(1)
Pulmonary Hypertension	241	(2)
SECTION 5 BLOOD VESSEL CHANGES AND CIRCULATORY SKIN DISORDERS
Diabetes	243	(6)
Carol Probst
David E. Kelley
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus	243	(1)
Types of Diabetes Mellitus	243	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention	244	(2)
Diabetic Complications	246	(3)
Amputations	249	(4)
Joan E. Edelstein
Classification of Amputations	249	(1)
Related Conditions	250	(1)
Tests and Related Diagnoses	250	(1)
Clinical Relevance: Mobility and Rehabilitation	250	(1)
Therapeutic Interventions	251	(2)
Wound Management	253	(13)
Pamela G. Unger
Wounds and the Healing Process	254	(1)
Evaluating the Patient	254	(3)
Therapeutic Intervention	257	(9)
The Insensitive Foot	266	(12)
Jennifer M. Bottomley
Evaluation of the Neuropathic Foot	267	(9)
Therapeutic Intervention	276	(2)
Skin Disorders	278	(15)
Randy Berger
Barbara A. Gilchrest
General Principles	279	(1)
Treatment of Infections	279	(4)
Treatment of Infestations	283	(1)
Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Conditions	284	(1)
Treatment of Dermatitis	284	(2)
Treatment of Psoriasis	286	(1)
Ulcers	287	(1)
Treatment of Drug Eruptions	287	(1)
Treatment of Urticaria	287	(1)
Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Blisters	288	(1)
Treatment of Purpura	288	(1)
Cutaneous Tumors	289	(4)
Unit III AGING AND THE PATHOLOGICAL SENSORIUM
Functional Vision Changes in the Aging Eye	293	(7)
Bruce Rosenthal
The Functional Changes in Vision	293	(1)
Physiological Changes in the Eye	294	(1)
Major Pathological Eye Changes Associated with Aging	294	(6)
Functional Hearing Changes in the Aging E$	300	(3)
Kristen D. Alexander
Poula Curliss
Causes of Hearing Loss in Advanced Age	300	(1)
Other Auditory Conditions	301	(1)
Management and Rehabilitation	302	(1)
Considerations in Elder Patient Communication	303	(8)
Corolyn Marshall
Cultural Considerations	303	(2)
Physical and Cognitive Considerations	305	(6)
Unit IV SPECIFIC PROBLEMS
Dysphagia	311	(3)
Colleen Reynolds
Shelley Slott
The Three Stages Of Ingestion	311	(1)
Dysphagia Symptoms	311	(1)
Dysphagia Identification and the Role of the Speech/Language Pathologist	312	(1)
Discharge Goal	313	(1)
Appropriate Consults	313	(1)
Incontinence of the Bowel and Bladder	314	(4)
Scott Paist
Incontinence of the Bowel	314	(2)
Incontinence of Urine	316	(2)
Iatrogenic Effects	318	(6)
IaDora V. Thompson
The Consequences of Immobility on Major Organ Systems and Functions	319	(4)
Therapeutic Interventions	323	(1)
Estrogen Replacement Therapy	324	(3)
Chris Stabler
The Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy	324	(2)
Risk Associated with Hormone Replacement Therapy	326	(1)
Dizziness	327	(8)
Susan L. Whitney
Presentation and Diagnosis	327	(3)
Functional Deficits	330	(2)
Therapeutic Intervention	332	(3)
Balance Testing and Training	335	(14)
Robert H. Whipple
Range of Environmental Challenges to Balance	335	(1)
Balance Retraining Options	336	(7)
Discussion	343	(6)
Fracture Considerations	349	(6)
Rosanne Lewis
Timothy L. Kauffman
Normal Fracture Healing	350	(1)
Fracture Repair in the Aging Person	350	(1)
Special Fractures in the Elderly	350	(2)
Future Methods of Promoting Fracture Healing	352	(1)
Therapeutic Interventions	352	(3)
Stiffness	355	(4)
Lynn Phillippi
Common Causes of Stiffness	355	(1)
Connective Tissue and Stretching Techniques	356	(1)
Posture, Stiffness, and Mobility	357	(2)
Pain	359	(8)
Ann K. Williams
Categorization of Pain	359	(1)
Physiology of Pain	360	(1)
Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Pain	360	(1)
Measurement of Pain	361	(1)
Therapeutic Intervention	361	(6)
Unit V SPECIAL PHYSICAL THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION TECHNIQUES
Gait Training	367	(8)
Patricia Hageman
Components of Gait	367	(7)
Gait Deviations and Interventions	374	(1)
Heat and Cold Therapy	375	(7)
Wayne K. McKinley
Heat	375	(3)
Cold	378	(2)
Application of Heat and Cold in Geriatric Patients	380	(2)
Electrotherapy	382	(4)
Joseph Kahn
Overview of Electrotherapy Modalities	382	(2)
Considerations of use in Aging Patients	384	(1)
Electrical Stimulation Considerations	384	(2)
Orthotics	386	(4)
David Patrick
Lower Extremity Orthotic Systems	387	(1)
Spinal Orthotic Systems	388	(2)
Prosthetics	390	(9)
David Patrick
Evaluating the Patient	390	(3)
Prosthetic Prescription	393	(6)
Unit VI PHYSIOLOGY/PATHOLOGY AND ETHICS OF DEATH AND DYING
Legal Considerations	399	(3)
Ron Scott
Health-Care Malpractice	399	(1)
Patient informed Consent	400	(1)
Reporting Suspected Elder Abuse	400	(1)
Patient Self-Determination Act	401	(1)
Employment Protection for Older Workers	401	(1)
Ethics	402	(7)
Mary Ann Wharton
Ethics and Morality	402	(1)
Ethical Principles	403	(1)
Fidelity, Veracity, Confidentiality	404	(1)
Sources of Conflicts in Geriatric Rehabilitation	404	(1)
Ethical Decision-Making	404	(1)
Special Techniques to Promote Ethical Decision-Making in Geriatric Care	404	(1)
Special Areas of Ethical Concern in Geriatric Rehabilitation	405	(4)
Physical Therapy and the Generational Conflict	409	(3)
Timothy L. Kauffman
Partisan Politics	409	(1)
Demographics	409	(1)
Political Stalemate in the United States	409	(1)
Paradigm Shift	410	(2)
Medicare	412	(5)
Timothy L. Kauffman
History	412	(1)
The Key Players	412	(2)
Social Security Trust Funds	414	(1)
Criteria for Medicare Reimbursement	414	(1)
Medicare parts A and B: The Confusion	414	(1)
Home Health Services	415	(1)
The Medicaid System	416	(1)
The Older Americans Act	416	(1)
The Future	416	(1)
The End of Life	417	(6)
Timothy L. Kauffman
The End of Life	417	(6)
Unit VII THE REHABILITATION TEAM
Interdisciplinary Geriatric Assessment	423	(5)
David C. Martin
Margaret Basiliadis
Philosophical Underpinnings of Geriatric Assessment	423	(2)
The Process of Geriatric Assessment	425	(2)
Directions for Future Research	427	(1)
Gerontological and Geriatric Nursing	428	(3)
Melen R. McBride
Direct Patient Care	428	(2)
Case Management	430	(1)
Health Education and Counseling for Patients and Families	430	(1)
Administration	430	(1)
Advocacy and Public Policy Development	430	(1)
Education and Research	430	(1)
Geriatric Occupational Therapy	431	(5)
Joe Cipriani
Occupational Therapy Assessment	431	(2)
Occupational Therapy Intervention	433	(3)
Geriatric Physical Therapy	436	(4)
Jill Johnson
Referrals to Physical Therapy	437	(1)
Assessment of the Geriatric Patient	438	(1)
Goal-Setting and Interventions	438	(2)
Geriatric Speech Pathologist	440	(1)
Colleen Reynolds
Shelley Slott
Communication Disorders	440	(1)
Cognitive Disorders	441	(1)
Geriatric Social Worker	441	(4)
Patrick McDonald
The Patient and the Family	442	(1)
Home Health	443	(1)
Placement	444	(1)
Index	445