Getting Started in Clinical Radiology: From Image to Diagnosis

by Eastman, George; Wald, Christoph; Crossin, Jane

• ISBN13: 9781588903563
• ISBN10: 1588903567
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-10-01
• Publisher: Thieme Medical Pub

Summary

This book teaches radiology in a way that mimics a lively setting on the wards. To have fun in learning the theoretical basis of imaging and the interpretation of radiographs and other modalities, in the context of clinical examination and findings, this is the book for you.The basics of imaging are described using analogies from daily life to make them as understandable and memorable as possible. The material of radiology is described using actual cases; the most common differential diagnoses are presented. A great amount of image material supports the learning process.A storyline runs through the book: four students in their final year of medical school are involved in active discussion of the cases, so that the reader also feels a part of the diagnostic process.

Table of Contents

Why Another Textbook of Radiology?	1	(3)
Can You Imagine Radiology to be Fun?	1	(1)
What Is So Special about Learning (and Teaching) Radiology?	1	(1)
What Makes This Textbook Different to Others?	1	(1)
How Is This Book Structured?	1	(1)
Who Will Accompany You through This Book?	2	(1)
What Is There to Say about the Style of the Book?	3	(1)
Radiology's Role in Medicine	4	(2)
What Is So Different in Radiology as Opposed to Other Clinical Disciplines?	4	(1)
Which Other Special Aspects Are There to Consider?	4	(1)
What Else Could Improve Your Compassion for the Radiologists?	4	(2)
A Short Run through Radiological Basics
Tools in Radiology	6	(12)
Projection Radiography	6	(3)
Generation of X-Rays	6	(1)
Attenuation of X-Rays	6	(1)
Detection of X-Rays	6	(2)
Techniques of Exposure	8	(1)
Contrast Media Examinations	8	(1)
Image Processing	8	(1)
Computed Tomography	9	(1)
Working Principle	9	(1)
Contrast Media	10	(1)
Ultrasonography	10	(1)
Working Principle	10	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Tomography	10	(5)
Generation of the MR Signal	11	(2)
What Is So Special about the ``External'' and ``Internal'' Magnetic Fields?	13	(1)
How Do We Generate an MR Signal in a Salami?	13	(1)
Spatial Allocation of the MR signal	14	(1)
Analysis of the MR Signal	14	(1)
Our Perception	15	(3)
Phenomena in Imaging and Perception	18	(9)
What Do I Need to Know for Image Analysis?	18	(8)
Is the Quality of the Study Technically Adequate?	18	(1)
How Do I Analyze an Image?	18	(1)
Tissue Characteristics on Radiographic Images	18	(3)
What Is a Normal, What Is a Pathological Finding?	21	(1)
Where is the Pathology?	21	(4)
What Can Go Wrong in Perception?	25	(1)
Can We Reach a Diagnosis that Approaches Histological Certainty?	26	(1)
Are There Any Volume Changes?	26	(1)
What Happens to the Surrounding Anatomy?	26	(1)
What Is the Internal Structure Like?	26	(1)
What Pathology Commonly Occurs in a Particular Anatomical Region?	26	(1)
Risks, Risk Minimization, and Prophylactic Measures	27	(13)
The Nonindicated Study	27	(1)
The Ill-Prepared Study	28	(1)
Studies with Contrast Media	29	(2)
Contrast Media in Radiography and CT	29	(2)
Contrast Media in Magnetic Resonance Tomography	31	(1)
Contrast Media in Ultrasonography	31	(1)
The False Finding	31	(1)
Risks of Radiological Procedures	32	(4)
Risks of Projection Radiography and Computed Tomography	32	(3)
Risks of Ultrasound	35	(1)
Risks of Magnetic Resonance Tomography	35	(1)
Risks of Intervention	36	(4)
From Detection to Diagnosis and Beyond
Chest	40	(57)
How Do I Analyze a Radiograph of the Chest?	40	(7)
First Determine the Image Quality	40	(1)
Now Go Ahead and Analyze the Thorax	40	(6)
Now Get Additional Information from the Lateral Chest Radiograph	46	(1)
I See an Abnormality--What Do I Do Now?	46	(1)
Opacities in the Lung	47	(16)
Solitary, Circumscribed Opacity of the Lung	47	(9)
Multiple Lesions in the Lung	56	(4)
Diffuse, Homogeneous Opacity of the Lung	60	(3)
Acute Pulmonary Changes	63	(9)
Acute Diffuse Linear, Reticular, Reticulonodular (Interstitial) Pattern	63	(6)
Acute Diffuse Acinar, Confluent (Alveolar) Pattern	69	(3)
Chronic Lung Disease	72	(6)
Chronic Linear, Reticular, Micronodular (Interstitial) Pattern	72	(6)
Pulmonary Symptoms without Correlating Findings in the Chest Radiograph	78	(5)
Lesions in the Mediastinum	83	(8)
Widening of the Upper Mediastinum	83	(3)
Abnormal Findings of the Lower Mediastinum	86	(5)
Enlargement of the Hila	91	(2)
The Ultimate Exam	93	(4)
Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology	97	(18)
Interventions in Vascular Occlusive Disease	99	(5)
Arterial Occlusion	99	(3)
Venous Obstruction	102	(2)
Tissue Biopsies	104	(3)
Insertion of a Drain	107	(1)
Implantation of a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent-Shunt (TIPSS)	108	(1)
Implantation of a Vena Cava Filter	109	(1)
Implantation of a Port	110	(1)
Embolization	111	(2)
Neural Blockades	113	(1)
Gregory's Test	114	(1)
Bone and Soft Tissues	115	(53)
How Do You Analyze a Bone Image?	120	(1)
Bone	120	(1)
Joints	120	(1)
Soft Tissues	120	(1)
I See an Abnormality--What Do I Do Now?	121	(1)
Diseases of the Bone	121	(18)
Focal Bone Lesions	121	(11)
Generalized Bone Diseases	132	(7)
Diseases of the Spine	139	(7)
Diseases of the Joints	146	(15)
Joints of the Upper Extremity	147	(4)
Joints of the Lower Extremity	151	(10)
Fracture and Dislocation	161	(1)
Soft Tissue Tumors	162	(2)
Gregory's Test	164	(4)
Gastrointestinal Radiology	168	(51)
How Do We Analyze an Abdominal Radiograph?	174	(3)
What Can You Evaluate on an Abdominal Radiograph?	174	(2)
Why Are You Interested in the Standard Chest Radiograph in a Patient with Abdominal Pain?	176	(1)
I See an Abnormality--What Do I Do Now?	176	(1)
Patient with Acute Abdominal Pain	177	(5)
Diseases of the Esophagus	182	(6)
Diseases of the Small Bowel	188	(4)
Diseases of the Large Bowel	192	(6)
Problems with Defecation	198	(2)
Diseases of the Liver and the Intrahepatic Biliary System	200	(10)
Focal Liver Lesion	200	(8)
Diffuse Liver Disease	208	(2)
Diseases of the Extrahepatic Biliary System	210	(1)
Diseases of the Pancreas	211	(3)
Diseases of the Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum	214	(2)
Gregory's Test	216	(3)
Genitourinary Tract	219	(12)
How Do You Assess a Renal Ultrasound?	220	(1)
I See an Abnormality--What Do I Do Now?	220	(1)
Renal Masses	221	(4)
Renal Volume Loss/Renal Atrophy	225	(1)
Increase in Renal Volume	226	(1)
Renal Calculi	227	(1)
Adrenal Tumors	228	(1)
Where Is Greg?	229	(2)
Central Nervous System	231	(37)
How Do You Analyze a Sectional Study of the Head?	233	(2)
Key Points of Thorough Image Analysis	233	(1)
I See an Abnormality--What Do I Do Now?	234	(1)
Are You Ready for Your First Case?	234	(1)
Perfusion Disturbances of the Brain	235	(5)
Brain Hemorrhage	235	(2)
Cerebral Infarction	237	(3)
Brain Tumors	240	(15)
Perisellar Brain Tumors	250	(3)
Tumors of the Cerebellopontine Angle	253	(2)
Neurodegenerative Diseases	255	(3)
Congenital Disorders of the Brain	258	(3)
Spinal Cord Tumors	261	(5)
Gregory's Vernissage	266	(2)
Breast	268	(17)
How Do You Analyze a Mammogram?	270	(2)
How Do You Evaluate the Image Quality?	270	(1)
What Do You Have to Pay Attention to in Image Analysis?	270	(2)
Ready for Your First Case? Let's Go!	272	(1)
Tumorlike Lesions and Tumors of the Breast	272	(8)
Breast Implant	280	(2)
Tumors of the Male Breast	282	(1)
Dr. Skywang's Test	283	(2)
Face and Neck Imaging	285	(19)
Diseases of the Nose and Sinuses	286	(6)
Disease of the Ears	292	(1)
Diseases of the Temporomandibular Joint	293	(1)
Injuries and Diseases of the Orbit	294	(5)
Diseases of the Neck	299	(3)
The Teeth You Need	302	(2)
Trauma	304	(38)
Polytrauma	304	(27)
Luxations and Fractures	331	(8)
Hannah's Test	339	(3)
Solutions to the Test Cases	342	(2)
Post Scriptum	344	(1)
Index	345