GIS, Environmental Modeling and Engineering, Second Edition

by Brimicombe; Allan J.

• ISBN13: 9781439808702
• ISBN10: 1439808708
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-12-23
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

The first edition GIS, Environmental Modeling and Engineering broke new ground by linking GIS, environmental simulation, and engineering solutions. Building on this tradition, the second edition keeps the format and tone that made the first edition a bestseller while updating the content to include a diversity of case studies, better coverage of tool integration, and in-depth treatment of current issues.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. ix
The Author	p. xi
Abbreviations	p. xiii
Statement on Trade Names and Trademarks	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Metaphors of Nature	p. 2
A Solution Space?	p. 4
Scope and Plan of This Book	p. 5
From GIS to Geocomputation	p. 11
In the Beginning12
Technological Facilitation	p. 14
Representing Spatial Phenomena in GIS	p. 19
Putting the Real World onto Media	p. 24
Vector	p. 26
Tessellations	p. 28
Object-Oriented	p. 31
Data Characteristics	p. 32
Data Collection Technologies	p. 37
GPS and Inertial Navigation Systems	p. 38
Remote Sensing	p. 39
Ground Survey	p. 41
Nontraditional Approaches to Data Collection	p. 42
Basic Functionality of GIS	p. 42
A Systems Definition of GIS	p. 44
Limitations of GIS and the Rise of Geocomputation and Geosimulation	p. 46
GIScience and the Rise of Geo-Information Engineering	p. 49
Technology First	p. 49
Science to Follow	p. 52
And Now ... Geo-Information Engineering	p. 59
Approaches to Modeling	p. 63
Model of an x	p. 64
Typology of Models	p. 66
Building Models	p. 69
Modeling Landslides	p. 70
Modeling Topography	p. 75
Spatio-Temporal Dimensions and the Occam-Einstein Dimension	p. 77
Evaluating Models	p. 81
Applying Models	p. 83
A Summary of Model Development	p. 87
The Role and Nature of Environmental Models	p. 91
Context of Environmental Modeling	p. 92
Environmental Impact Assessment	p. 94
An Integrated Approach	p. 97
Sustainable Development	p. 99
Hazard, Vulnerability, and Risk	p. 101
Decision Environment	p. 105
Conceptual Models	p. 107
Empirical Models	p. 110
Models Incorporating Artificial Intelligence	p. 117
Knowledge-Based Systems	p. 117
Heuristics	p. 118
Artificial Neural Networks	p. 119
Agent-Based Models	p. 121
Process Models	p. 124
Lumped Parameter Models	p. 126
Distributed Parameter Models	p. 131
Discretization	p. 131
Routing across a Digital Elevation Model	p. 132
Transport through a Medium	p. 134
Case Studies in GIS, Environmental Modeling, and Engineering	p. 147
Modeling Approaches in GIS and Environmental Modeling	p. 147
Spatial Coexistence	p. 150
Source-Pathway Characterization	p. 157
Basin Management Planning	p. 158
Coastal Oil Spill Modeling	p. 169
Cluster Detection	p. 172
àand Don't Forget the Web	p. 182
Issues of Coupling the Technologies	p. 185
Some Preconditions	p. 186
Initial Conceptualizations	p. 189
Independent	p. 190
Loosely Coupled	p. 190
Tightly Coupled	p. 191
Embedded	p. 191
An Over-Simplification of the Issues	p. 192
Maturing Conceptualizations	p. 197
Integration versus Interoperability	p. 198
Environmental Modeling within-GIS	p. 201
Model Management	p. 203
Maturing Typology of Integration	p. 207
One-Way Data Transfer	p. 207
Loose Coupling	p. 207
Shared Coupling	p. 209
Joined Coupling	p. 209
Tool Coupling	p. 209
De facto Practices	p. 210
Data and Information Quality Issues	p. 213
The Issue Is ... Uncertainty	p. 213
Early Warnings	p. 217
So, How Come...?	p. 219
Imperfect Measurement	p. 219
Digital Representation of Phenomena	p. 220
Natural Variation	p. 221
Subjective Judgment and Context	p. 223
Semantic Confusion	p. 224
Finding a Way Forward	p. 224
Measuring Spatial Data Quality	p. 226
Modeling Error and Uncertainty in GIS	p. 231
Topological Overlay	p. 231
Interpolation	p. 236
Kriging	p. 238
Fuzzy Concepts in GIS	p. 242
Theory of Fuzzy Sets	p. 243
Example of Fuzzy Sets in GIS	p. 244
Sensitivity Analysis	p. 256
Managing Fitness-for-Use	p. 259
Modeling Issues	p. 263
Issues of Scale	p. 264
Issues of Algorithm	p. 277
Issues of Model Structure	p. 285
Issues of Calibration	p. 288
Bringing Data Issues and Modeling Issues Together	p. 293
Decision Making under Uncertainty	p. 297
Exploring the Decision Space: Spatial Decision Support Systems	p. 299
Communication of Spatial Concepts	p. 304
Participatory Planning and the Web-Based GIS	p. 307
All's Well That Ends Well?	p. 311
References	p. 315
Index	p. 341
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