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MATTHEW R. BENNETT, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK
NEIL F. GLASSER, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, UK
Preface | p. ix |
Acknowledgements | p. xi |
Illustrations | p. xiii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
What is Glacial Geology and Why is it Important? | p. 1 |
The Aim and Structure of this Book | p. 6 |
Glaciations Around the Globe | p. 7 |
The Antarctic Ice Sheet | p. 7 |
Greenland in the Greenhouse | p. 15 |
Southern Hemisphere Temperate Glaciers: Patagonia and New Zealand | p. 17 |
Northern Hemisphere Temperate Glaciers: Alaska and Iceland | p. 21 |
High-Altitude Glaciers: The Himalaya | p. 22 |
Tropical Glaciers: The Cordillera Blanca, Peru | p. 26 |
Arctic Polythermal Glaciers | p. 29 |
Summary | p. 33 |
Suggested Reading | p. 33 |
Mass Balance and the Mechanisms of Ice Flow | p. 41 |
Annual Mass Balance | p. 41 |
The Mass Balance Gradient: The Glacial Driving Mechanism | p. 44 |
Mechanisms of Ice Flow | p. 47 |
The Principles of Basal Thermal Regime | p. 55 |
Patterns and Rates of Ice Flow | p. 63 |
Glacier Response to Climate Change | p. 69 |
Summary | p. 76 |
Suggested Reading | p. 76 |
Glacier Hydrology | p. 81 |
Glacier Hydrology | p. 81 |
Sources of Glacial Meltwater | p. 82 |
Storage of Water in Glaciers | p. 83 |
Methods of Studying Glacier Hydrology | p. 84 |
Glacier Hydrological Systems | p. 86 |
Subglacial Water Pressure | p. 90 |
Discharge Fluctuations | p. 97 |
Glacial Meltwater Erosion | p. 102 |
Summary | p. 104 |
Suggested Reading | p. 104 |
The Processes of Glacial Erosion | p. 109 |
Glacial Abrasion | p. 109 |
Glacial Quarrying | p. 117 |
Estimating Rates of Glacial Erosion | p. 125 |
Patterns of Glacial Erosion | p. 128 |
Summary | p. 131 |
Suggested Reading | p. 131 |
Landforms of Glacial Erosion | p. 135 |
Microscale Features of Glacial Erosion | p. 135 |
Mesoscale Features of Glacial Erosion | p. 147 |
Macroscale Features of Glacial Erosion | p. 157 |
Landscapes of Glacial Erosion | p. 174 |
Summary | p. 179 |
Suggested Reading | p. 179 |
Glacial Debris Entrainment and Transport | p. 185 |
High-Level Debris Transport | p. 185 |
Debris Entrainment | p. 190 |
Low-Level Debris Transport | p. 193 |
Debris Transfer Between Low and High Levels | p. 197 |
Debris Transfer | p. 198 |
Summary | p. 202 |
Suggested Reading | p. 203 |
Glacial Sedimentation on Land | p. 207 |
Direct Glacial Sedimentation | p. 207 |
Fluvial Sedimentation | p. 235 |
Summary | p. 243 |
Suggested Reading | p. 244 |
Landforms of Glacial Deposition on Land | p. 247 |
Ice-Marginal Moraines | p. 247 |
Subglacial Landforms Formed by Ice or Sediment Flow | p. 268 |
Glaciofluvial Ice-Marginal Landforms | p. 289 |
Glaciofluvial Subglacial Landforms | p. 296 |
Summary | p. 299 |
Suggested Reading | p. 299 |
Glacial Sedimentation in Water | p. 305 |
Sedimentation in Lacustrine Environments | p. 305 |
Sedimentation in Marine Environments | p. 315 |
Distinguishing Glaciolacustrine and Glaciomarine Diamicts from Glacial Tills | p. 324 |
Summary | p. 325 |
Suggested Reading | p. 325 |
Landforms of Glacial Deposition in Water | p. 329 |
Glaciolacustrine Landforms | p. 330 |
Glaciomarine Landforms | p. 336 |
Summary | p. 343 |
Suggested Reading | p. 343 |
Palaeoglaciology | p. 347 |
The Methods Used in Palaeoglaciology | p. 347 |
The Key Landforms Used in Palaeoglaciology | p. 353 |
Former Subglacial Thermal Regimes | p. 358 |
Palaeoglaciological Reconstructions | p. 367 |
Summary | p. 370 |
Suggested Reading | p. 372 |
Index | p. 377 |
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