The last decade has been a period of rapid advances in glacier hydrology and hydrochemistry. These have resulted from the application of new technologies to the direct observation of englacial and subglacial drainage systems via boreholes, from theoretical advances and from increased interactions between fieldworkers and modellers. This collection of papers captures the spirit of these advances highlighting new methodologies, the change in character of hydrological models from lumped conceptual models to physically based, distributed models, and the changing role of field studies in glacier hydrological investigations. Major themes identified in the book are: approaches to defining the structure of drainage systems in cold and temperate glaciers; investigations of the linkages between surface and subsurface components of these systems, and of hydraulic interactions between different elements of subglacial systems; seasonal changes in drainage system properties at local and glacier wide scales; controls on meltwater quality; the integration of field and modelling studies; and problems of scaling up results from studies of valley glaciers to the ice sheet scale.

M. Sharp and Keith S. Richards are the authors of Glacier Hydrology and Hydrochemistry, published by Wiley.

Preface

vii

1 Introduction

1

(14)

M. Sharp

K. S. Richards

M. Tranter

2 Effect of Snow and Firn Hydrology on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Glacial Runoff

15

(14)

A. G. Fountain

3 Isotopic and Ionic Variations in Glacier River Water During Three Contrasting Ablation Seasons

29

(18)

W. H. Theakstone

N. T. Knudsen

4 The Hydrochemistry of Runoff from a `Cold Based' Glacier in the High Arctic (Scott Turnerbreen, Svalbard)

47

(18)

R. Hodgkins

M. Tranter

J. A. Dowdeswell

5 Hydrochemistry as an Indicator of Subglacial Drainage System Structure: A Comparision of Alpine and Sub-Polar Environments

65

(16)

M. Tranter

G. H. Brown

A.J. Hodson

A. M. Gurnell

6 Impact of Subglacial Geothermal Activity on Meltwater Quality in the Jokulsa a Solheimasandi System, Southern Iceland

81

(22)

D. M. Lawler

H. Bjornsson

M. Dolan

7 Velocity-Discharge Relationships derived from Dye Tracer Experiments in Glacial Meltwaters: Implications for Subglacial Flow Conditions

103

(16)

P. W. Nienow

M. Sharp

I. C. Willis

8 Links Between Proglacial Stream Suspended Sediment Dynamics, Glacier Hydrology and Glacier Motion at Midtdalsbreen, Norway

119

(20)

I. C. Willis

K. S. Richards

M. J. Sharp

9 Impact of Post-mixing Chemical Reactions on the Major Ion Chemistry of Bulk Meltwaters Draining the Haut Glacier D'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland

139

(16)

G. H. Brown

M. J. Sharp

M. Tranter

A. M. Gurnell

P. W. Nienow

10 Experimental Investigations of the Weathering of Suspended Sediment by Alpine Glacial Meltwater

155

(20)

G. H. Brown

M. Tranter

M. J. Sharp

11 Statistical Evaluation of Glacier Boreholes as Indicators of Basal Drainage Systems

175

(16)

C. C. Smart

12 The Use of Borehole Video in Investigating the Hydrology of a Temperate Glacier

191

(14)

L. Copland

J. Harbor

S. Gordon

M. Sharp

13 In situ Measurements of Basal Water Quality and Pressure as an Indicator of the Character of Subglacial Drainage Systems

205

(14)

D. B. Stone

G. K. C. Clarke

14 Variability in the Chemical Composition of in-situ Subglacial Meltwaters

219

(20)

M. Tranter

M. J. Sharp

G. H. Brown

I. C. Willis

B. P. Hubbard

M. K. Nielsen

C. C. Smart

S. Gordon

M. Tulley

H. R. Lamb

15 Seasonal Reorganization of Subglacial Drainage inferred from Measurements in Boreholes

239

(30)

S. Gordon

M. Sharp

B. Hubbard

C. Smart

B. Ketterling

I. Willis

16 An Integrated Approach to Modelling Hydrology and Water Quality in Glacierized Catchments

269

(30)

K. Richards

M. Sharp

N. Arnold

A. Gurnell

M. Clark

M. Tranter

P. Nienow

G. Brown

I. Willis

W. Lawson

17 Initial Results from a distributed, Physically based Model of Glacier Hydrology

299

(30)

N. Arnold

K. Richards

I. Willis

M. Sharp

18 Towards a Hydrological Model for Computerized Ice-Sheet Simulations

329

(12)

R. B. Alley

Index

341

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