Global Burden of Disease And Risk Factors

by Alan D. Lopez; Colin D. Mathers; Majid Ezzati; Dean T. Jamison; Christopher J. L. Murray

• ISBN13: 9780821362624
• ISBN10: 0821362623
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-03-30
• Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Summary

Strategic health planning, the cornerstone of initiatives to facilitate the attainment of health goals in populations around the world, requires an understanding of the comparative burden of diseases and injuries, their corresponding risk factors, and the likely effects of proposed interventions. Critical to an effective assessment of risks and outcomes is a framework to integrate, validate, analyze, compare and disseminate available information to policy makers.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
Editors	p. xix
Advisory Committee to the Editors	p. xxi
Contributors	p. xxiii
Disease Control Priorities Project Partners	p. xxv
Acknowledgments	p. xxvii
Abbreviations and Acronyms	p. xxix
Measuring the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, 1990-2001	p. 1
History of Burden of Disease Studies	p. 2
Applications of Burden of Disease Analysis	p. 4
Improving the Comparative Quantification of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors: The 2001 GBD Study	p. 5
Major Findings of the 2001 GBD Study	p. 7
Conclusions	p. 10
References	p. 11
Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors	p. 15
Demographic and Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Regions, 1990-2001	p. 17
Regional Demographic Characteristics	p. 18
Changes in Mortality, 1990-2001	p. 21
Trends in Causes of Child Death, 1990-2001	p. 28
Discussion	p. 32
Conclusions	p. 35
Key Demographic Indicators, by Country/Territory, 1990 and 2001	p. 36
Acknowledgments	p. 43
Notes	p. 43
References	p. 43
The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001	p. 45
Quantifying the Global Burden of Disease	p. 46
Estimating Deaths by Cause: Methods and Data	p. 51
Global and Regional Mortality in 2001	p. 68
Estimating Incidence, Prevalence, and YLD: Methods and Data	p. 73
Burden of Disability and Poor Health in 2001	p. 85
Global Burden of Disease in 2001	p. 87
Discussion and Conclusions	p. 90
Definitions, Mortality Data Sources, and Disability Weights	p. 94
Deaths by Cause, Sex, Age, and Region, 2001	p. 126
DALYs (3,0) by Cause, Sex, Age, and Region, 2001	p. 180
Acknowledgments	p. 234
References	p. 234
Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors	p. 241
Burden of Disease Attributable to Risk Factors	p. 242
Risk Factor Selection	p. 242
Burden of Disease Attributable to Individual Risk Factors	p. 247
Joint Effects of Multiple Risk Factors	p. 252
Burden of Disease Attributable to Multiple Risk Factors	p. 255
Directions for Future Research	p. 267
Discussion	p. 267
Population Attributable Fractions, Attributable Deaths, Years of Life Lost Because of Premature Mortality (YLL), and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) by Risk Factor, Disease Outcome, Age, Sex, and Region	p. 269
References	p. 394
Sensitivity Analyses	p. 397
Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses for Burden of Disease and Risk Factor Estimates	p. 399
Discounting and Age Weighting in the DALY Measure	p. 400
Sensitivity of Burden of Disease and Injury Results to Variations in Key Parameter Values	p. 402
Sensitivity of Risk Factor Estimates to Variations in Key Parameter Values	p. 406
Uncertainty Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Estimates	p. 408
Uncertainty Estimates for All-Cause Mortality and Life Expectancies	p. 409
Uncertainty Estimates for Regional Mortality by Cause	p. 411
Uncertainty in Disability Weights	p. 413
Uncertainty Arising from Epidemiological Estimates	p. 417
Uncertainty in the Disease Burden Attributable to Risk Factors	p. 420
Discussion	p. 423
Conclusions	p. 424
Acknowledgments	p. 425
References	p. 425
Incorporating Deaths Near the Time of Birth into Estimates of the Global Burden of Disease	p. 427
Stillbirths and Neonatal Mortality in the Context of the Global Burden of Disease	p. 428
The Burden of Disease Resulting from Events Near the Time of Birth	p. 431
Conclusions	p. 442
Flexible Functional Forms for the Acquisition of Life Potential	p. 442
Supplementary Tables	p. 445
Causes of Neonatal Mortality: Comparison of Numbers from the Global Burden of Disease with those from the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group	p. 461
Acknowledgments	p. 462
References	p. 462
List of Boxes
Disability-Adjusted Life Years	p. 3
List of Figures
Overview of Burden of Disease Framework	p. 2
Changes in Population Age Distribution, 1990-2001	p. 22
Population Sex Ratios at Different Ages, 2001	p. 23
UN's versus Authors' Life Table Parameters, 1990	p. 24
Change in Risk of Death for Children Under Five by Cause (probability of mortality per 1,000 live births), 1990-2001	p. 31
Relationship between Health Expectancies and Health Gaps in a Stationary Population	p. 47
Variation across Selected Countries in Coding for Ill-Defined CVD Causes, 1979-98	p. 57
Mortality Rates for Socioeconomic Strata, by Cause Group, from China's Two Mortality Data Systems	p. 59
CodMod Estimation of Major Cause Group Proportional Mortality for Islamic Republic of Iran, 2001	p. 61
Proportional Distribution of Total Deaths by Broad Cause Group, 2001	p. 68
Death Rates by Broad Cause Group, Region, and Broad Age Group, 2001	p. 69
Leading Causes of Premature Death (YLL) and of Deaths, Worldwide, 2001	p. 73
Disease Model Underlying DisMod	p. 74
Input Prevalences and Incidence Rates Estimated Using DisMod II, for Diabetes Mellitus Cases in Males, Sub-Saharan Africa	p. 75
Life Expectancy, HALE, and Lost Healthy Years by Region and Sex, 2001	p. 87
YLL, YLD, and DALYs by Region, 2001	p. 87
Burden of Disease by Broad Cause Group and Region, 2001	p. 88
Age Distribution of Burden of Disease by Income Group, 2001	p. 89
Mortality and the Burden of Disease Attributable to Leading Global Risk Factors, by World Bank Region	p. 248
Burden of Disease Attributable to 10 Leading Regional Risk Factors, by Disease Type	p. 251
Mediated and Direct Effects of a Risk Factor	p. 253
Age-Weighting Function Incorporated into the DALY	p. 401
Effect of Age Weighting and Discounting on the YLL per Death at Various Ages for Females	p. 401
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