The Global Carbon Cycle

by Raupach, M. R.; Raupach, Michael R.

• ISBN13: 9781559635271
• ISBN10: 1559635274
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-15
• Publisher: Island Pr

Summary

While a number of gases are implicated in global warming, carbon dioxide is the most important contributor, and in one sense the entire phenomena can be seen as a human-induced perturbation of the carbon cycle. The Global Carbon Cycle offers a scientific assessment of the state of current knowledge of the carbon cycle by the world's leading scientists sponsored by SCOPE and the Global Carbon Project, and other international partners. It gives an introductory over-view of the carbon cycle, with multidisciplinary contributions covering biological, physical, and social science aspects. Included are 29 chapters covering topics including: an assessment of carbon-climate-human interactions; a portfolio of carbon management options; spatial and temporal distribution of sources and sinks of carbon dioxide; socio-economic driving forces of emissions scenarios. Throughout, contributors emphasize that all parts of the carbon cycle are interrelated, and only by developing a framework that considers the full set of feedbacks will we be able to achieve a thorough understanding and develop effective management strategies. The Global Carbon Cycle edited by Christopher B. Field and Michael R. Raupach is part of the Rapid Assessment Publication series produced by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), in an effort to quickly disseminate the collective knowledge of the world's leading experts on topics of pressing environmental concern.

Table of Contents

List of Colorplates, Figures, Tables, Boxes, and Appendixes	xi
Foreword	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxiii
1. The Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Humans, Climate, and the Natural World	1	(16)
Christopher B. Field, Michael R. Raupach, and Reynaldo Victoria
Part I: Crosscutting Issues
2. Current Status and Past Trends of the Global Carbon Cycle	17	(28)
Christopher L. Sabine, Martin Heimann, Paulo Artaxo, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Christopher B. Field, Nicolas Gruber, Corinne Le Quéré, Ronald G. Prinn, Jeffrey E. Richey, Patricia Romero Lankao, Jayant A. Sathaye, and Riccardo Valentini
3. The Vulnerability of the Carbon Cycle in the 21st Century: An Assessment of Carbon-Climate-Human Interactions	45	(32)
Nicolas Gruber, Pierre Friedlingstein, Christopher B. Field, Riccardo Valentini, Martin Heimann, Jeffrey E. Richey, Patricia Romero Lankao, E.-Detlef Schulze, and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
4. Scenarios, Targets, Gaps, and Costs	77	(26)
Jae Edmonds, Fortunat Joos, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Richard G. Richels, and Jorge L. Sarmiento
5. A Portfolio of Carbon Management Options	103	(28)
Ken Caldeira, M. Granger Morgan, Dennis Baldocchi, Peter G. Brewer, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, and G. Philip Robertson
6. Interactions between CO2 Stabilization Pathways and Requirements for a Sustainable Earth System	131	(34)
Michael R. Raupach, Josep G. Canadell, Dorothee C.E. Bakker, Philippe Ciais, Maria José Sanz, JingYun Fang, Jerry M. Melillo, Patricia Romero Lankao, Jayant A. Sathaye, E.-Detlef Schulze, Pete Smith, and Jeff Tschirley
Part II: Overview of the Carbon Cycle
7. A Paleo-Perspective on Changes in Atmospheric CO2 and Climate	165	(22)
Fortunat Joos and I. Colin Prentice
8. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide	187	(18)
Martin Heimann, Christian Rodenbeck, and Manuel Gloor
9. Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases	205	(12)
Ronald G. Prinn
10. Climate-Carbon Cycle Interactions	217	(8)
Pierre Friedlingstein
11. Socioeconomic Driving Forces of Emissions Scenarios	225	(18)
Nebojsa Nakicenovic
Part III: The Carbon Cycle of the Oceans
12. Natural Processes Regulating the Ocean Uptake of CO2	243	(14)
Corinne Le Quéré and Nicolas Metzl
13. Variability and Climate Feedback Mechanisms in Ocean Uptake of CO2	257	(22)
Jeffery B. Greenblatt and Jorge L. Sarmiento
Part IV: The Carbon Cycle of the Land
14. A Primer on the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle: What We Don't Know But Should	279	(16)
Jonathan A. Foley and Navin Ramankutty
15. Geographic and Temporal Variation of Carbon Exchange by Ecosystems and Their Sensitivity to Environmental Perturbations	295	(22)
Dennis Baldocchi and Riccardo Valentini
16. Current Consequences of Past Actions: How to Separate Direct from Indirect	317	(12)
Gert-Jan Nabuurs
Part V: The Carbon Cycle of Land-Ocean Margins
17. Pathways of Atmospheric CO2 through Fluvial Systems	329	(12)
Jeffrey E. Richey
18. Exchanges of Carbon in the Coastal Seas	341	(14)
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
Part VI: Humans and the Carbon Cycle
19. Pathways of Regional Development and the Carbon Cycle	355	(16)
Patricia Romero Lankao
20. Social Change and CO2 Stabilization: Moving away from Carbon Cultures	371	(12)
Louis Lebel
21. Carbon Transport through International Commerce	383	(22)
Jeff Tschirley and Géraud Servin
Part VII: Purposeful Carbon Management
22. Near- and Long-Term Climate Change Mitigation Potential	405	(14)
Jayant A. Sathaye
23. Unanticipated Consequences: Thinking about Ancillary Benefits and Costs of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation	419	(12)
Jae Edmonds
24. International Policy Framework on Climate Change: Sinks in Recent International Agreements	431	(8)
Maria José Sanz, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, and Riccardo Valentini
25. A Multi-Gas Approach to Climate Policy	439	(14)
Alan S. Manne and Richard G. Richels
26. Storage of Carbon Dioxide by Greening the Oceans?	453	(16)
Dorothee C.E. Bakker
27. Direct Injection of CO2 in the Ocean	469	(10)
Peter G. Brewer
28. Engineered Biological Sinks on Land	479	(14)
Pete Smith
29. Abatement of Nitrous Oxide, Methane, and the Other Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: The Need for a Systems Approach	493	(14)
G. Philip Robertson
List of Contributors	507	(6)
SCOPE Series List	513	(4)
SCOPE Executive Committee	517	(2)
Index	519