Global Experience, The: Readings in World History Since 1550, Volume II

by Riley, Philip F.; Gerome, Frank; Myers, Henry; Yoon, Chong-Kun

• ISBN13: 9780130195692
• ISBN10: 0130195693
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Broad in scope and integrative in perspective, this anthology offers a brief, balanced collection of challenging, but accessible, primary materials that cover World History since the 1500s. Organized chronologically, drawn from a variety of genres, and focused on global themes, the selections are genuinely representative of diverse civilizations at different points of their development. This wide-ranging and world focus features selections from anthropology; comparative literature; drama; economics; geography; law; philosophy; political theory; poetry; religion; science; and sociology. It looks at early modern political economy; nationalism; romanticism; racism; World War I diplomacy; patterns of genocide; and much more. For individuals embarking upon a critical and analytical journey through the history of the world.

Table of Contents

I. GLOBAL CONTACTS.

Early Modern Exploration and Expansion.

1. Cheng Ho Zheng He: Ming Maritime Expeditions.
2. Vasco da Gama, Journey to India.
3. An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico.

West Comes East: China and Japan.

4. Fernao Mendes Pinto, The Travels of Mendes Pinto.
5. Matteo Ricci, Journals.
6. Seclusion Edict of 1636.

The African Slave Trade.

7. Olaudah Equiano, The Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African.
8. Commerce, Slavery and Religion in North Africa.
9. Thomas Nelson, Slavery and the Slave Trade with Brazil.

II. GLOBAL PATTERNS OF POLITICS AND CULTURE.

Degrees of Religious Toleration.

10. The Maryland Toleration Act.
11. Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man.
12. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Nathan the Wise Man.

Early Modern Political Economy.

13. James Harrington, “The Commonwealth of Oceans.”
14. Sir William Petty, Political Arithmetic.
15. John Locke, The Second Treatise of Civil Government.
16. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations.

Women's Rights and Democracy in the Enlightenment.

17. Sophia, Woman Not Inferior to Man.
18. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Sophie or The Woman.
19. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract.

The Enlightenment in Russia.

20. Catherine II (The Great), The Instruction to the Commissioners for Composing a New Code of Laws.
21. A.N. Radishchev, A Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
22. Catherine the Great, “Instructions to Captain Joseph Billings.”

China's Sino-Centric World.

23. Ceremonial for Visitors: Court Tribute.
24. Taisuke Mitamuri, The Palace Eunuchs of Imperial China.
25. Emperor Chien-Lung Qianlong, Letter to King George III.

III. REVOLUTIONS AND REBELLIONS.

Men and Women in Revolution.

26. The Declaration of Independence.
27. Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.
28. James Madison, The Federalist, Number 10.
29. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France.
30. Simon Bolívar's Political Ideas.

America Asserts Itself.

31. The Monroe Doctrine.
32. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America.

Global Revolutionary Ferment.

33. Women Miners in the English Coal Pits.
34. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto.
35. The Taiping Rebellion.

Nationalism and Romanticism.

36. Robert Southey, “The Battle of Blenheim.”
37. Friedrich List, National System of Political Economy.
38. Program of the Serb Society of National Defense Narodna Odbrana.
39. Irish National Identity and Destiny: Three Views.
40. Fustel de Coulanges, “What Is a Nation?” A Reply to Mr. Mommsen, Professor in Berlin.

Racism.

41. Heinrich von Treitschke, A Word About the Jews Among Us.
42. Enfumades in French Algeria: Three Reports.
43. Arthur de Gobineau, “The Inequality of the Human Races.”
44. Chinese Exclusion Acts, 1882, 1892.

IV. EMPIRES AND UPHEAVALS.

England's Imperial March.

45. Lord William Bentinck, Comments on Ritual Murder and Limits of Religious Toleration.
46. Lin Tse-hsü Lin Zexu, Letter of Moral Admonition to Queen Victoria.
47. Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden.

Japan: Tradition and Transformation.

48. Geisha, Glimpse of Unfamiliar Japan.
49. President Millard Fillmore, “Letter to the Emperor of Japan.”
50. Ito Hirobumi, Reminiscences on the Drafting of the New Constitution.
51. Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5, Declaration of War, Imperial Rescript.

United States Expansion: Two Perspectives.

52. The Roosevelt Corollary.
53. Francisco Garciá Calderón, The North American Peril.

V. AN ERA OF GLOBAL VIOLENCE

World War I.

54. Slaughter on the Somme.
55. “World War I: A Frenchman's Recollections.”
56. Sir Henry McMahon, “Letter to Ali Ibn Husain.”
57. The Balfour Declaration.
58. President Wilson, “Speech on the Fourteen Points.”

Bolshevik Utopian Dreams and Stalin's Revolution.

59. Nadezhda K. Krupskaya, “What a Communist Ought to Be Like.”
60. John Scott, Behind the Urals.
61. Nadezhda Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope.

Fascism: Three Faces.

62. Kita Ikki, Outline for the Reconstruction of Japan.
63. Benito Mussolini, “The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism.”
64. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

World War II: Asia and Europe.

65. John Rabe, The Diaries of the Nanking Massacre.
66. Adolf Hitler, “The Obersalzberg Speech.”
67. The Atlantic Charter.
68. “Tojo Makes Plea of Self Defense.”

Patterns of Genocide.

69. Roupen of Sassoun, Eyewitness to Armenia's Genocide.
70. Marie Calude Valliant-Couturier, Testimony on the Gassing of Auschwitz.
71. Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia: Three Witnesses.
72. Alain Destexhe, Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century.

VI. THE LATER TWENTIETH CENTURY.

The Cold War.

73. The Truman Doctrine.
74. Korea: The Thirty-Eighth Parallel.
75. Chong K. Yoon, The Korean War, a Personal Account.
76. Henry A. Myers, East Berliners Rise Up Against Soviet Oppression, A Personal Account.
77. Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Report to Congress, “Old Soldiers Never Die.”

China and Soviet Russia Go Separate Ways.

78. Nikita S. Khrushchev, “Address to the Twentieth Party Congress.”
79. Mao Tse-tung Mao Zedong, The People's Democratic Dictatorship.

Decolonization: Africa, Latin America, and India.

80. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth.
81. Desmond Tutu, The Question of South Africa.
82. Fidel Castro, Second Declaration of Havana.

The Middle East: Politics and Upheaval.

83. Israel's Proclamation of Independence.
84. Palestinian Declaration of Independence.

America and the Second Indochina War.

85. Views of a Viet Cong Official.
86. An American Prisoner of War.
87. Teeda Butt Mam, Worms from Our Skin.

Africa in the Later Twentieth Century.

88. Kwame Nkrumah, I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology.
89. Theresa Andrews, Letters from a 1990 Bush Doctor.
90. Keith B. Richburg, A Black Man Confronts Africa.

VII. THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY.

From Perestroika to a New Russia.

91. M. Gorbachev, Perestroika.

Human Rights and International Relations.

92. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.
93. Carolyn Forché, “The Colonel.”
94. Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso), Nobel Peace Prize Lecture.

Enduring Problems.

95. Deng Xiaoping, A Market Economy for Socialist Goals.
96. Pope John Paul II, Centesimus Annus.
97. Japan, The Postwar Generation.
98. Henry A. Myers, Now, in the Twenty-First Century.

Excerpts

Preface This anthology is a brief, balanced collection of primary materials organized chronologically and focused on global themes. In preparing this collection, we had three concerns in mind. First, any informed understanding of the world at the opening of the third millennium when the world is rapidly becoming one must begin with history. We believe the most useful mode of historical study--particularly for college students--is world history. Because men and women make history, the documents we have depict the variety of their experiences over time on a global scale. To help students study and appreciate these experiences, we have included excerpts both from classic texts and from less familiar but equally illustrative material. The resulting selection of readings illustrates patterns of global change and exchange, as well as the distinct features of the major civilizations. Second, to encourage the comparative study of world history and to reinforce the underlying links between civilizations, we have organized the readings into chronological sections. By doing so, we hope to underscore global patterns of development and, at the same time, give our readers access to documents of special interest. Third, to help with the understanding and retention of our reading selections, particularly those likely to be unfamiliar to students, we have included introductory comments as well as questions to consider. We hope this material will help students gain a better understanding of the text and connect their historical study to contemporary problems and issues. Our students, particularly in their questions and criticisms, have shaped our work from the outset more than they know. Many of our colleagues at James Madison University have also helped immeasurably. They provided insights and suggestions to make this a better book. Michael J. Galgano, Head, Department of History, has assisted us at every turn: He enthusiastically found for us the means and time to complete this project. Mary Louise Loe not only contributed the selections on Russia and Soviet history but helped us throughout our work. Nicholas Miller of Boise State University; John A. Murphy of University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland; and John O. Hunwick of Northwestern University kindly advised us on Serbian, Irish, and African selections. The fourth edition ofThe Global Experience: Readings in World Historycontains new sections, new selections, and new translations, as well as some changes in the selections published in our third edition. In Volume I, approximately twenty-five percent of the selections are new. Among the new selections in Volume I are The Egyptian Creation Story: "The Creation According to Ra"; The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi; Homer,The Iliad;Pure Land Scripture,Sukhavativyuha;Thucydides on the Plague andPeloponnesian War;Plutarch, "Lycurgus," on the Spartan Way of Life; St: Augustine of Hippo, The Just War; Paulus Orosius,History Against the Pagans;Procopius,History of the WarsandThe Secret History;Law Codes of the Salian Franks; Ibn Fadlan, Impressions of Vikings in Early Russia; Michael Psellus,Chronographia,"Empress Zoe"; Murasaki Shikibu,The Tale of Genji; Charles Borromeo, Instructions to Confessors;Bernardino de Sahagun, Aztec Festival and the Conquest; An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico:The Broken Spears;Pope Paul III,"Indians are Men,"1537; Sepulveda, Just War Against Barbarians, 1550. Among the new additions to Volume II are An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico:The Broken Spears;James Harrington, "The Commonwealth of Oceana"; Sir William Petty,PoliticalArithmetic; Enfumadesin French Algeria: Three Reports; Arthur de Gobineau,The Inequality of Human Races;U.S. Congress, The Chinese Exclusion Acts, 1882, 1892; Russo-Japanese War, 19041905,Imperial Rescript;Jo