Global Issues in Antitrust and Competition Law

by Fox, Eleanor M.

• ISBN13: 9780314183620
• ISBN10: 0314183620
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-06-03
• Publisher: West Academic

Summary

This title covers international and comparative issues of antitrust law, economics and policy. It may be used to enrich US antitrust casebooks or as a stand-alone for courses on global antitrust. It addresses all major issues of competition law and global competition policy, including extraterritoriality; global norms; cooperation, convergence and divergence; the state?s role in restraining or facilitating competition; process and procedures; and substantive areas including cartels, horizontal and vertical agreements, abuse of dominance, and mergers. It compares developed and developing jurisdictions. It references numerous jurisdictions including the EU, China, Japan, India, Russia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Latin American countries.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. iii
Table of Cases	p. xix
Cartels	p. 4
Introduction	p. 4
Law and Attitude towards Cartels	p. 4
Proof of a Cartel Agreement	p. 7
Quinine	p. 8
ACF Chemiefarma v. Commission (Quinine)	p. 8
Wood Pulp	p. 14
Åhl¿tröm Osakeyhtiö v. Commission (Wood Pulp)	p. 14
Are Effects Necessary?	p. 19
Crisis Cartels	p. 20
Competition Authority v. Beef Industry Development Society Ltd	p. 21
Foreign Government Action or Involvement: A Defense?	p. 29
US Agency Guidelines	p. 30
Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations, US Department of Justice and FTC 1995	p. 30
US Caselaw	p. 36
Act of State, Foreign Sovereign Compulsion, Comity	p. 36
In re Vitamin C Antitrust Litigation	p. 36
OPEC	p. 51
Prewitt Enterprises, Inc. v. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries	p. 51
Refined Petroleum Products Antitrust Litigation	p. 64
NOPEC (Introduced in Senate)	p. 73
Cooperation, Convergence, and Cross-Fertilization in International Cartel Enforcement	p. 74
The Evolution of Criminal Antitrust Enforcement over the Last Two Decades	p. 74
Monopolies and Abuse of Dominance	p. 94
Introduction	p. 94
Exploitative Offenses	p. 95
Excessive Pricing	p. 95
The Competition Tribunal of South Africa	p. 98
Harmony Gold Mining Company Ltd v. Mittal Steel Corp	p. 98
In the Competition Appeal Court of South Africa	p. 103
Mittal Steel South Africa v. Harmony Gold Mining	p. 103
Discriminatory Pricing	p. 110
In the Matter between Nationwide Poles and Sasol (Oil) Ltd	p. 112
Exclusionary Offenses	p. 122
Predatory Pricing	p. 122
AKZO Chemie BV v. Commission	p. 123
High Court of Australia	p. 126
Boral Besser Masonry Limited v. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission	p. 126
Refusals to Deal	p. 130
IMS Health GmbH & Co. and NDC Health GmbH & Co	p. 130
Microsoft Corp. v. Commission	p. 132
Margin Squeezes	p. 143
Deutsche Telekom AG v. Commission	p. 143
Loyalty Clauses and Exclusive Dealing	p. 148
Commission v. Intel Corp	p. 149
Patent Ambush	p. 160
Collaborations of Competitors Other Than Cartels	p. 166
Introduction	p. 166
Loose Collaborations	p. 169
Note on John Deere Ltd. v. Commission	p. 169
Asnef-Equifax v. Asociación De Usuarios De Servicios Bancarios (AUSBANC)	p. 170
Note on Polygram Holding, Inc. v. FTC	p. 173
Learned Professions	p. 177
Wouters ET Cie	p. 177
Collaborations in the New Economy	p. 182
Pharmaceuticals	p. 182
Credit Cards	p. 186
The Internet	p. 188
Standard-Setting Organizations and Related Patent Practices	p. 189
Joint Ventures	p. 190
Substantive Rules and Analysis	p. 190
European Night Services v. Commission	p. 191
Procedural Rules	p. 193
Vertical Restraints	p. 197
Introduction	p. 197
European Union	p. 198
Introduction	p. 198
Territorial Restraints, Parallel Imports and Exports, and Dual Pricing	p. 199
Consten and Grundig	p. 200
Consten and Grundig v. Commission	p. 202
Volkswagen AG v. Commission	p. 206
GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v. Commission, CFI	p. 208
GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v. Commission, ECJ	p. 213
Sot. Lelos Kai Sia EE v. GlaxoSmithKline AEVE	p. 216
Resale Price Maintenance	p. 219
European Commission Guidelines on Vertical Restraints	p. 220
Tying and Exclusive Dealing	p. 223
Stergios Delimitis v. Henninger Bräu AG	p. 224
Schöller Lebensmittel v. Commission	p. 227
Block Exemptions and Guidelines	p. 233
Vertical (Distribution and Supply) Block Exemption and Guidelines	p. 234
Block Exemption	p. 235
Guidelines on Vertical Restraints	p. 245
Motor Vehicle Block Exemption and Guidelines	p. 271
Technology Transfer Licensing Block Exemption and Guidelines	p. 273
Japan and Korea	p. 274
Japan	p. 274
Guidelines Concerning Distribution Systems and Business Practices Under the Antimonopoly Act	p. 275
Korea	p. 297
Developing Countries: Special Concerns	p. 298
Qaqaya and Lipimile, in the Effects of Anti-Competitive Business Practices on Developing Countries and Their Development Prospects (UNCTAD 2008)	p. 299
Mergers	p. 302
Introduction	p. 302
Domestic Issues in Analysis of Transborder Mergers	p. 302
Market Definition, and Deciding What Sales and What Firms Are in the Market	p. 302
Effects Beyond Borders	p. 303
Public Interest Issues in the United States	p. 304
National champions and antitrust	p. 304
Boeing Company/McDonnell Douglas Corporation	p. 304
Jobs, buy national, and antitrust	p. 309
Note on Wal-mart Stores, Inc. v. Rodriguez	p. 309
Executive and legislative measures that trump anti-trust	p. 311
Comparative Issues	p. 311
Substantive	p. 311
Market definition	p. 311
Standard of violation	p. 312
Airtours v. Commission	p. 314
Treatment of efficiencies	p. 322
ICN recommended practices for merger analysis	p. 322
Public Interest Defenses and Concerns	p. 342
Cooperation and Conflict	p. 347
Convergence on Pre-Merger Notification and Process	p. 347
Cooperation in Vetting Mergers of Common Interest	p. 348
Conflict	p. 348
General Electric/Honeywell	p. 348
Gencor/Lonrho	p. 349
Resolution of Conflict	p. 352
The State	p. 353
Introduction	p. 353
Advocacy	p. 355
Abuse of Dominance by State-Owned Enterprise	p. 359
Ports Cases	p. 361
Merci Convenzionali Porto Di Genova u. Siderurgica Gabrielli	p. 361
Port of Rødby	p. 363
State Privilege or License; Limits to Exclusivity	p. 367
Höfner v. Macrotron GmbH	p. 368
State Measures That Restrict Competition or Facilitate private Restrictions	p. 372
State Measures-State Responsibility	p. 372
Consorzio Industrie Fiammiferi (Italian matches)	p. 373
State Measures That Restrict Competition or Facilitate Private Restrictions-Continued
Slovakian Postal Legislation Relating to Hybrid Mail Services	p. 375
Regulation of the Professions	p. 382
Cipolla v. Fazari and Macrino v. Meloni	p. 382
Private Responsibility and the State Action Defense	p. 385
Commission and France v. Ladbroke Racing Ltd	p. 385
Consorzio Industrie Fiammiferi (Italian matches)	p. 386
State Aids	p. 391
Introduction	p. 391
State Aid Policy	p. 394
Report on Competition Policy (2006)	p. 397
Report on Competition Policy (2008)	p. 400
State Aid in Time of Financial Crisis	p. 404
Competition Law in an Economic Crisis	p. 404
Antitrust and State Aid Control-The Lessons Learned	p. 408
The Relationship between Regulation and Competition	p. 412
Hybrid State and Private Restraints-The WTO	p. 412
Mexican Telecoms	p. 413
Enforcement: Systems and Institutions	p. 419
Introduction	p. 419
Public Enforcement Models	p. 422
Specialized Antitrust Courts	p. 423
Federalism and Enforcement by Multiple Sovereigns	p. 424
Division of Authority	p. 424
Competition Law Preemption of Anticompetive Local Regulations	p. 427
Private Enforcement	p. 429
European Commission White Paper	p. 432
Criminal Enforcement	p. 444
Justifications for Criminal Enforcement	p. 444
Leniency	p. 446
Double Jeopardy and Extradition	p. 448
Merger Enforcement	p. 450
Extraterritoriality and Jurisdiction Over International Behavior	p. 454
Introduction	p. 454
The Effects Test and Comity Concerns	p. 456
Åhlström Osakeyhtiö v. Commission (Wood Pulp)	p. 456
Hartford Fire Ins. Co. v. California	p. 460
The Effects Test and Comity Concerns-Continued: Amicus curiae briefs in F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. v. Empagran S.A	p. 467
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. v. Empagran S.A.	p. 478
Frontiers of Antitrust Jurisdiction	p. 488
Alien Tort Claims Act and Customary International Law	p. 488
Trying to Outflank Empagran	p. 488
Global Governance	p. 492
Introduction	p. 492
The UNCTAD Set of Principles	p. 493
The Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Control of Restrictive Business Practices (UNCTAD 1980)	p. 493
Bilateral Cooperation Agreements	p. 505
US/EU Antitrust Cooperation Agreement of 1991	p. 506
USIEU Antitrust Cooperation Agreement of 1998	p. 513
Regional Cooperation: Developing Countries, Small Jurisdictions, and Other Cooperations	p. 518
Introduction	p. 518
Hurdles and Opportunities: Small and Developing Countries	p. 519
Excerpts from a Sample Law	p. 521
Economic Community of West African States	p. 522
The North American Free Trade Agreement	p. 528
Other Regional Cooperations: Examples	p. 530
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)	p. 530
The BRIC Countries	p. 531
The Van Miert Report and the Debate on Competition in the WTO	p. 532
The Doha Declaration	p. 558
Doha Ministerial Declaration	p. 558
The OECD Hard Core Cartel Recommendation	p. 560
ICPAC (International Competition Policy Advisory Committee)	p. 565
ICN (International Competition Network)	p. 568
Appendices: Excerpts from Treaties and Statutes	p. 571
European Union, Treaties, selected provisions	p. 572
European Union: Council Regulation No. 1/2003 on the implementation of the rules on competition	p. 584
United States statutes, selected provisions	p. 614
The Sherman Antitrust Act	p. 614
The Clayton Act	p. 615
Webb-Pomerene Act (Export Trade Act)	p. 620
Export Trading Company Act of 1982	p. 622
Index	p. 629
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