The Global Threat of New and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease: Reconciling U.S. National Security and Public Health Policy

by Brower, Jennifer; Chalk, Peter

• ISBN13: 9780833032935
• ISBN10: 0833032933
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-02-28
• Publisher: RAND CORPORATION

Summary

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the security implications of the spread of infectious diseases, including case studies of HIV/AIDS in South Africa and major public health challenges currently confronting the United States.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Figure	ix
Tables	xi
Summary	xiii
Acknowledgments	xxiii
Abbreviations	xxv
Disease and Human Security	1	(12)
The Changing Nature of Security in the Post--Cold War Era	1	(3)
The Concept of Human Security	4	(3)
The Transnational Spread of Infectious Disease as a Threat to Human Security	7	(6)
Factors Associated with the Increased Incidence and Spread of Infectious Diseases	13	(18)
Globalization	14	(3)
Modern Medical Practices	17	(4)
Accelerating Urbanization	21	(2)
Environmental Factors	23	(3)
Changes in Social and Behavioral Patterns	26	(5)
Aids in South Africa: Extent, Implications, and Response	31	(30)
What Is AIDS?	32	(1)
Scope and Spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa	33	(5)
Main Factors Associated with the Spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa	38	(4)
Heterosexual Sex	38	(1)
Low Status of Women	39	(1)
Prostitution	40	(1)
Sexual Abuse and Violence	41	(1)
Prevalent Risk-Prone Attitudes	41	(1)
Impact on South Africa	42	(12)
The Human Cost	42	(3)
The Economic Impact	45	(2)
The Social Cost	47	(2)
Military Preparedness	49	(3)
Civil Law and Order and Crime	52	(2)
The Response to the HIV/AIDS Crisis in South Africa	54	(5)
The Government Response	54	(3)
Nongovernmental Responses	57	(2)
The International Relevance of the HIV/AIDS Crisis in South Africa	59	(2)
U.S. Security and the Risk Posed By Infectious Diseases	61	(14)
Impact and Spread of Disease in the United States	62	(1)
Factors Affecting the Scope and Spread of Infectious Disease in the United States	62	(13)
Globalization---Travel, Migration, and Trade	64	(3)
Changes in Agricultural Practice	67	(1)
Behavioral Changes	67	(2)
Misuse of Antibiotics and Other Medicines	69	(1)
Donated Blood Products	70	(1)
Climatic Change	70	(2)
Tainted Water Supplies	72	(1)
Bioterrorism	72	(3)
U.S. Capabilities to Counter Infectious Diseases	75	(26)
Resources for Fighting Infectious Disease	76	(9)
Surveillance and Detection	77	(3)
Investigation	80	(3)
Response (Prevention and Control)	83	(2)
Other Federal Programs and Interagency Initiatives	85	(8)
Foodborne Disease	85	(1)
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance	86	(1)
Biodefense Resources for Countering Infectious Disease	87	(2)
Research	89	(2)
Global Surveillance and Response	91	(2)
Assessment of U.S. Capabilities to Counter Infectious Diseases	93	(8)
Surveillance	93	(1)
Fiscal Neglect	94	(2)
Personnel	96	(1)
Lack of Experience with Exotic Infectious Diseases	97	(1)
Shrinking Vaccine Production Capacity	97	(1)
Insufficient Attention to the Provision of Global Healthcare Aid	98	(2)
Lack of Coordination	100	(1)
Conclusion	101	(6)
Appendix CDC Surveillance and Collection Systems	107	(12)
Bibliography	119