Global Transformations

by Held, David; McGrew, Anthony G.; Goldblatt, David; Perraton, Jonathan

• ISBN13: 9780804736251
• ISBN10: 0804736251
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Stanford Univ Pr

Summary

This widely acclaimed book throws new light on the complex processes that are reshaping the contemporary world. All too often debates about globalization - and about whether it implies the end of the nation-state - have descended into polemics and confusion. Please visit the accompanying website at: http: //www.polity.co.uk/global

Table of Contents

List of Grids	xii
List of Figures and Maps	xiii
List of Tables	xv
List of Boxes	xvii
Preface	xix
Acronyms and Abbreviations	xxi
Introduction	1	(413)
The Globalization Debate	2	(8)
Sources of Contention in the Globalization Debate	10	(4)
Rethinking Globalization: an Analytical Framework	14	(7)
Determining the Shape of Contemporary Globalization	21	(8)
The Book Ahead	29	(3)
The Territorial State and Global Politics	32	(55)
From Empires to Modern Nation-States	32	(17)
Early state forms: the shifting extensity of political rule	33	(2)
Early modern states: absolutism and the emergence of the interstate system	35	(2)
The European `society of states'	37	(2)
Changing forms of political globalization: infrastructures, velocity and stratification	39	(6)
The modern nation-state and world order	45	(4)
The Emergence of Global Politics	49	(13)
The globalization of politics	49	(3)
Internationalization and transnationalization: extensity, intensity and institutionalization	52	(6)
Mediating global politics: developing infrastructures and the velocity of political interaction	58	(4)
Multilayered Governance and the Diffusion of Political Authority	62	(15)
The United Nations system	63	(2)
The human rights regime	65	(5)
From international to cosmopolitan law	70	(4)
Regionalism: new layers of governance	74	(3)
Historical Forms of Political Globalization: the Transformation of Political Community	77	(5)
Differential National Enmeshment	82	(3)
Conclusion: Political Globalization and Structural Impacts	85	(2)
The Expanding Reach of Organized Violence	87	(62)
Introduction	87	(1)
What is Military Globalization?	88	(1)
The Globalization of the War System: Geopolitics and the Evolution of a World Military Order	89	(14)
The growing extensity of European military power: early expansion, 1492-1800	91	(2)
The emergence of geopolitics: military infrastructures and the stratification of military power	93	(2)
The age of global conflict, 1914--1990	95	(4)
Disorganized geopolitics: regionalization and global security	99	(4)
A Global Arms Dynamic?	103	(20)
The early modern arms trade system: extensity, intensity and stratification	104	(3)
The modern arms trade: the industrialization of warfare and the global arms market	107	(4)
The contemporary arms trade: extensity, intensity and stratification	111	(4)
The global diffusion of arms production capability: the early modern and modern eras	115	(2)
Contemporary patterns of global arms production: extensity, intensity, stratification and institutionalization	117	(6)
Emerging Forms of Geogovernance: Organized Violence	123	(10)
Geogovernance of military power: international security regimes	124	(6)
Geogovernance of military power: war and conflict	130	(1)
Geogovernance of military power: the instruments of war	131	(2)
Historical Forms of Military Globalization: a Comparison	133	(4)
Contemporary Patterns of National Enmeshment in the World Military Order	137	(6)
First tier: the US	139	(2)
The second tier: Japan, the UK, France, Sweden and Germany	141	(2)
Contemporary Military Globalization and its Political Consequences	143	(6)
Decisional impacts: defence policy and military force	144	(1)
Institutional impacts: national or cooperative security?	145	(1)
Distributional impacts: defence procurement and production	146	(1)
Structural impacts: from the national security state to `postmilitary' society?	147	(2)
Global Trade, Global Markets	149	(40)
Trade and Globalization	149	(3)
Concepts	149	(1)
Indicators	150	(2)
Trade: From Antiquity to the Rise of the Nation-State	152	(2)
From the Industrial Revolution to the Second World War: the Rise and Fall of World Trade	154	(9)
International trade during the classical Gold Standard, 1870-1914	155	(2)
The interwar years: the breakdown of world trade	157	(4)
The economic impact of trade	161	(2)
Trade globalization: from the Gold Standard era to the Great Depression	163	(1)
The Rise of a Global Trading Order	163	(13)
The development of global free trade	164	(3)
The extensity of trade and the emergence of global markets	167	(1)
The growing intensity of postwar trade	168	(3)
Shifting patterns of trade stratification	171	(4)
The infrastructure and institutionalization of global trade	175	(1)
Historical Forms of Trade Globalization: the Transformation of Global Trade	176	(1)
National Enmeshment in the Global Trading System	177	(5)
The Impact of Global Trade Relations	182	(5)
Decisional impacts: macroeconomic management	182	(1)
Institutional impacts: trade politics and the welfare state	183	(1)
Distributional impacts: labour	184	(1)
Structural impacts: global competition, deindustrialization and shifting patterns of industrial production	185	(2)
Conclusion: State Autonomy and Sovereignty	187	(2)
Shifting Patterns of Global Finance	189	(47)
Indicators of Financial Globalization and Financial Enmeshment	189	(1)
The structure of the argument	190	(1)
Early Patterns of Global Financial Activity	190	(2)
The Classical Gold Standard Period: 1870-1914	192	(6)
International capital: the extensity, intensity and stratification of financial flows	193	(2)
International money: the operation of the classical Gold Standard	195	(3)
Financial globalization during the classical Gold Standard era	198	(1)
The Interwar Years: Global Monetary Disorder	198	(1)
The Bretton Woods Era: the Reinvention of Global Finance	199	(2)
The Shape of Contemporary Financial Globalization	201	(19)
The intensity and diversity of global financial flows	202	(8)
The extensity and stratification of the global financial system	210	(3)
The infrastructure, institutionalization and organization of global finance	213	(2)
Contemporary financial globalization: liberalization and evolving global financial markets	215	(5)
Comparing Historical Forms of Financial Globalization	220	(5)
Global Finance and National Enmeshment	225	(2)
Economic Autonomy and Sovereignty in an Era of Global Finance	227	(7)
Decisional impacts: macroeconomic policy	228	(2)
Decisional impacts: managing exchange rates	230	(2)
Institutional and distributional impacts: the welfare state	232	(1)
Structural impacts: systemic risk and the shifting balance of financial power	233	(1)
Conclusion	234	(2)
Corporate Power and Global Production Networks	236	(47)
MNCs and Global Production	236	(2)
International Business before the Industrial Revolution	238	(1)
International Production in the Industrial Age: Multinational Business Expansion, 1850-1939	239	(3)
FDI and international business in the classical Gold Standard era: extensity, intensity and stratification	239	(1)
International business between the wars: extensity, intensity and stratification	240	(1)
The impact of international business before 1945	241	(1)
The Rise of the Multinational Corporation and the Transnationalization of Production	242	(17)
The extensity of international business operations	243	(2)
The intensity of FDI and multinational production	245	(2)
FDI: patterns of stratification	247	(4)
Multinational production: patterns of stratification	251	(4)
The infrastructure and institutionalization of business globalization	255	(4)
MNCs and Global Production Networks	259	(11)
Global competition and the globalization of business organization	260	(2)
Global production networks: sectoral comparisons	262	(5)
The globalization of business: organizational forms	267	(2)
`Footloose' MNCs and global production	269	(1)
Historical Forms of Business Globalization	270	(4)
Contemporary Patterns of National Enmeshment in Global Production Networks	274	(2)
The Globalization of Business: Domestic Impacts	276	(6)
Decisional impacts: global business and the conduct of national economic policy	276	(2)
Institutional impacts: global competition	278	(1)
Distributional impacts: labour and global production	278	(2)
Structural impacts: FDI, MNCs and national economic performance	280	(1)
Structural impacts: corporate power versus state power?	281	(1)
Conclusion	282	(1)
People on the Move	283	(44)
Globalization and Migration	284	(2)
Historical Forms of Global Migration	286	(11)
Premodern global migrations: extensity and intensity	287	(1)
Early modern migrations: regional and global	288	(1)
The emergence of mass migration: from early modern to modern migratory patterns	289	(3)
The slave trade	292	(1)
Asian diasporas: indentured and contract labour	293	(2)
Regional migrations and early industrialization	295	(1)
Migration in an era of global war	296	(1)
Contemporary Patterns of Migration	297	(7)
The globalization and regionalization of migration	299	(1)
The stratification of migratory flows	300	(3)
Trends and patterns in contemporary migration: diversity and complexity	303	(1)
Historical Forms of Global Migration: a Comparison	304	(14)
Historical forms: spatio-temporal comparisons	305	(9)
Historical forms: organizational comparisons	314	(4)
Migration and National Enmeshment	318	(3)
Globalization, Migration and the Nation-State	321	(5)
Decisional impacts: border controls versus surveillance	322	(2)
Institutional impacts: international cooperation and policing cross-border migration	324	(1)
Distributional impacts: differential patterns of employment and prosperity	324	(1)
Structural impacts: national identity and national citizenship	325	(1)
Conclusion	326	(1)
Globalization, Culture and the Fate of Nations	327	(49)
Analysing Cultural Globalization	327	(4)
Concepts	328	(3)
Cultural Globalization in Historical Perspective	331	(10)
World religions	332	(1)
Empires	333	(3)
Modern national cultures and transnational secular ideologies	336	(4)
Premodern and modern forms of cultural globalization: a comparison	340	(1)
The Shape of Contemporary Cultural Globalization	341	(22)
Global infrastructures: telecommunications and language	342	(4)
Cultural MNCs, global cultural markets	346	(4)
Radio and the music industry	350	(3)
Cinema	353	(3)
Television	356	(4)
Tourism	360	(3)
Historical Forms of Cultural Globalization: In Sum	363	(6)
Contemporary Cultural Globalization and its Political Impact	369	(5)
Decisional and institutional impacts: cultural flows and cultural autonomy	370	(2)
Distributional and structural impacts: popular culture and national identity	372	(2)
Conclusion	374	(2)
Catastrophe in the Making: Globalization and the Environment	376	(38)
Globalization and the Environment	377	(4)
Forms of environmental globalization	378	(3)
Concepts	381	(1)
Environmental Globalization in Historical Perspective	381	(8)
Globalization and the environment: from European expansion to the Industrial Revolution	382	(2)
Global environmental degradation in the twentieth century	384	(2)
Global problems, global responses	386	(3)
Changing Historical Forms of Environmental Globalization	389	(2)
Stratification of Environmental Degradation and National Enmeshment	391	(17)
National enmeshment and the commons: global warming, ozone depletion and the marine environment	396	(3)
National enmeshment and overspill: demography and resources	399	(4)
National enmeshment and transboundary pollution	403	(5)
The Contemporary Pattern of Global Environmental Change and its Political Impacts	408	(4)
Decisional and institutional impacts: environmental politics and policy	410	(1)
Distributional and structural impacts: a global community of fate?	410	(2)
Conclusion	412	(2)
Conclusion: the Shape of Contemporary Globalization	414	(39)
Historical Forms of Globalization: What is New?	414	(1)
Premodern Globalization	415	(3)
Early Modern Globalization, circa 1500--1850	418	(3)
Modern Globalization, circa 1850--1945	421	(3)
Contemporary Globalization	424	(12)
The Demise, Resurgence or Transformation of State Power?	436	(8)
New Limits to Politics? Civilizing and Democratizing Globalization	444	(9)
Methodological Appendix	453	(4)
Acknowledgements	457	(2)
References	459	(34)
Index	493