Globalization and Change in Fifteen Cultures Born in One World, Living in Another

by Spindler, George; Stockard, Janice E.

• ISBN13: 9780534636487
• ISBN10: 0534636489
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-21
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Part 1: CHALLENGES TO IDENTITY & POWER. 1. Frances Berdan "Continuity and Change in Aztec Culture: From Imperial Lords to Royal Subjects." 2. Bill & Jean Crocker "Change in the Lives of a Brazilian Indigenous People: To pluck eyelashes (or not?) among the Canela." 3. Dru Gladney "Cultural Identity in China: The Rising Politics of Ethnic Difference." 4. Lincoln Keiser "The Vice Lord Phoenix: Socio-Cultural Change in an African-American Street Gang." Part 2: CHANGE IN GENDER HIERARCHIES. 5. Gilbert Herdt and Birgitta Stolpe "Sambia Gender, Sexuality, and Social Change." 6. Evelyn Blackwood "Mothers to Daughters: Social Change and Matrilineal Kinship in a Minangkabau Village." 7. Richard Lee"The Ju/'Hoansi of Southern Africa at the Crossroads: Continuity and Change in the Time of AIDS." 8. Cindy Hull "From Field to Factory and Beyond: New Strategies for New Realities in a Yucatecan Village." Part 3: NEW PATTERNS OF MIGRATION & MOBILITY. 9. Naomi Bishop "The Yolmo People of Melemchi, Nepal: Change & Continuity." 10. Robert Tonkinson "The Mardu Aborigines: On the Road to Somewhere." 11. Bill Young "From Local "Tribe" to Transnational Arab Society: The "New" Rashaayda Bedouin of Sudan." 12. Leo Chavez "Culture Change and Cultural Reproduction: Lessons from Research on Transnational Migration." Part 4: EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC CHANGE & MODERNIZATION. 13. PARMAN Sue "Scottish Crofters: Narratives of Change among Small Landholders in Scotland." 14. FRIEDL, Ernie, "A Village in Greece; Vasilika Then and Now." 15. SANO/FUJITA "Through Japanese Eyes: Culture Change in a Mid-Western Town." Index.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. xix
Challenges to Identity and Power	p. 1
Continuity and Change in Aztec Culture: From Imperial Lords to Royal Subjects	p. 1
Setting the Stage: Some Themes	p. 2
The Aztec Empire on the Eve of the Spanish Conquest	p. 2
Imperial Strategies	p. 3
Political and Territorial Organization: the Altepetl	p. 4
Social Stratification	p. 5
Commerce	p. 6
Religion	p. 7
The Stage Is Set	p. 8
New Lords of the Land	p. 8
Aztecs to Nahuas: Continuity and Change in the New Order	p. 9
Demographic Disaster	p. 9
The Altepetl and Cultural Identity	p. 10
Social Stratification: Disintegration Over Time	p. 11
Occupations and Commerce	p. 13
Taking Advantage of New Things and Ideas	p. 15
Religious Syncretism	p. 18
Conclusion	p. 20
References	p. 21
Notes	p. 22
Change in the Lives of a Brazilian Indigenous People: To Pluck Eyelashes (or Not?) among the Canela	p. 24
The Canela Today	p. 28
Some Background to the Current Canela Situation	p. 29
Tracing Culture Change Through Individuals	p. 31
Basket Lifter and her Son, Speechless	p. 32
Hard Bed	p. 35
Anaconda	p. 38
Angelo Carampei	p. 41
Edible Vine	p. 44
Summary: Factors in Culture Change	p. 48
References	p. 50
Notes	p. 51
Cultural Identity in China: The Rising Politics of Ethnic Difference	p. 53
The Soviet Union as China's Prologue?	p. 54
Nationality in China	p. 57
Han Nationality as Invented National Unity	p. 59
Identity Politics and National Minorities	p. 60
Internal Divisions among the Han Majority	p. 63
Internet Cafes, Discos, and Democratization?	p. 65
Conclusion: National Disunity?	p. 67
References	p. 70
Notes	p. 71
The Vice Lords Today: Sociocultural Change in an African American Street Gang	p. 73
References	p. 95
Notes	p. 96
Change in Gender Hierarchies	p. 97
Sambia Gender, Sexuality, and Social Change	p. 97
Precolonial Sambia Society	p. 98
Traditional Gender Roles and Initiation	p. 100
Social Hierarchies among the Sambia	p. 102
Marriage and the Traffic in Women	p. 103
Social Change and Resistance	p. 105
Schools and Gender Change	p. 107
Change over the Past Decade	p. 109
Conclusion	p. 115
References	p. 116
Notes	p. 116
Mothers to Daughters: Social Change and Matrilineal Kinship in a Minangkabau Village	p. 117
Minangkabau and Their Houses	p. 120
Reconfiguring Daughters' Desires	p. 123
Education	p. 124
Marriage Rights	p. 125
Models of Domesticity	p. 127
Contradictory Housewives	p. 130
Social Change and Small Houses	p. 132
Households, Demographics, and Migration	p. 132
Residence and Matriliny	p. 133
Daughters Who Leave	p. 134
Daughters' Claims	p. 135
Matriliny in Single-Family Households	p. 137
Husband and Wife Contributions	p. 138
Reconstituting Single-Family Households	p. 139
Conclusion	p. 140
References	p. 141
Notes	p. 142
The Ju/'Hoansi at the Crossroads: Continuity and Change in the Time of AIDS	p. 144
Four Decades of Change	p. 146
Nyae Nyae: A Struggle for Survival	p. 150
Ju/'Hoansi in the Twenty-First Century: Progress and Poverty	p. 154
Botswana	p. 154
Namibia	p. 155
Regional Developments: From the End of Apartheid to the Coming of AIDS	p. 156
AIDS and the Ju/'Hoansi	p. 156
The Ju/Hoansi's Lower Rates: Macro and Micro Factors	p. 158
Ju/'Hoan Women's Autonomy	p. 159
Forces Driving the Epidemic	p. 161
The Larger Social Framework of AIDS Risk	p. 163
The Tsumkwe Junior Secondary School	p. 164
The Old-Age Pension Affair	p. 165
Craft Buying as Income Generation	p. 166
The Kashipembe Crisis	p. 166
The Wider Nyae Nyae and Dobe Region	p. 167
Conclusion: Back from the Brink?	p. 168
References	p. 169
Note	p. 171
From Field to Factory and Beyond: New Strategies for New Realities in a Yucatecan Village	p. 172
Theoretical Perspective	p. 173
Yucatan and the World System: Historical Perspective	p. 174
Yucatan and the Modern World System	p. 179
Yaxbe	p. 179
1990s-The Fall of the Ejido: New Strategies for New Realities	p. 181
Economic Diversification in the Village	p. 182
Agriculture	p. 182
Nonagricultural Occupations	p. 183
Women and Income Production Within the Home	p. 184
Women and Income Production Outside of the Home	p. 186
Women in Solidarity: The Horchateras	p. 187
Commuting as Economic Strategy	p. 190
Factory Jobs	p. 191
Professional Occupations	p. 191
Other Occupations	p. 192
Men and Commuting	p. 192
Women and Commuting	p. 193
Migration as Economic Strategy	p. 193
Conclusion: The Impact of Globalization	p. 195
References	p. 196
Notes	p. 197
New Patterns of Migration and Mobility	p. 199
The Yolmo People of Melemchi, Nepal: Change and Continuity	p. 199
Melemchi: A Yolmo Temple-Village	p. 200
The Village	p. 200
Traditional Subsistence Strategies	p. 201
Social and Political Organization	p. 204
Religion and Worldview	p. 204
Moving into the Twenty-First Century: 1971-2000	p. 206
Changes in the Subsistence System	p. 206
Changes in Circular Migration	p. 207
Incorporation into the Langtang National Park	p. 209
A Primary School in Melemchi	p. 212
Melemchi in the Twenty-First Century: Challenges of the Future	p. 214
The Changing Demography of Melemchi	p. 215
Dependence on External Remittance	p. 217
Viability of the Village Subsistence System	p. 217
Maintaining Cultural Knowledge	p. 219
Conclusion	p. 220
References	p. 223
Notes	p. 223
The Mardu Aborigines: On the Road to Somewhere	p. 225
Introducing the Mardu Aborigines	p. 225
Fieldwork among the Mardu	p. 227
Conceptualizing Social Change and the Challenge to Analysis	p. 229
The Mardu in a Wider Australian Context	p. 232
Early Contacts with Europeans: Defining the "Whitefella"	p. 235
The Mission and Its Aftermath: From Masters of the Desert to Children of the Devil	p. 238
"Self-management": The Perils of Well-Meaning Government Policy	p. 241
On Mobility, Dispersal, and Aggregation	p. 243
The Mardu Today: On the Road to Somewhere	p. 245
Conclusion	p. 251
References	p. 253
Notes	p. 254
From Local "Tribe" to Transnational Arab: The "New" Rashaayda Bedouin of Sudan	p. 256
Geographical and Historical Background	p. 259
The History of "Tribal" Affiliations in Eastern Sudan	p. 262
The Economic Internationalization of Eastern Sudan	p. 262
International Politics and the Unstable National Border Between Sudan and Eritrea	p. 265
The War in Eritrea	p. 266
The War in Sudan	p. 268
The Bani Rashiid in Saudi Arabia	p. 272
The Bani Rashiid Campaign to Rework Genealogies and History	p. 274
Conclusion	p. 277
References	p. 278
Notes	p. 281
Culture Change and Cultural Reproduction: Lessons from Research on Transnational Migration	p. 283
Why is Transnational Migration Important for Anthropologists?	p. 285
A Love-Hate Relationship with Immigrants	p. 287
Culture Change and Cultural Reproduction	p. 292
Immigration and Culture Change	p. 297
References	p. 300
Notes	p. 303
Effects of Economic Change and Modernization	p. 304
Scottish Crofters: Narratives of Change among Small Landholders in Scotland	p. 304
Doing Fieldwork	p. 308
Narratives about Crofting	p. 309
Narratives about Speaking Gaelic	p. 315
Narratives about the Free Church	p. 319
Narratives of Home and Exile	p. 323
Summary of Changes	p. 326
References	p. 331
Notes	p. 332
A Village in Greece: Vasilika Then and Now	p. 334
Migration and the Fates of Migrants	p. 337
Gender Roles	p. 345
Epilogue	p. 346
References	p. 349
Additional Works on Vasilika	p. 350
Recommended Reading	p. 350
Through Japanese Eyes: Culture Change in a Midwestern Town	p. 351
Changing Eyes-From Analogue to Digital	p. 352
Two Views of Downtown and the Public Square	p. 353
A Tranquil Place and an Intense Site	p. 358
Changes in Farming Practice	p. 361
A Changing Ethnic and Economic Map	p. 366
The Transformation of the Senior Center	p. 367
Concluding Remarks	p. 369
References	p. 370
Notes	p. 371
Index	p. 373
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