The Globalization of Contentious Politics: The Amazonian Indigenous Rights Movement

by Martin,Pamela

• ISBN13: 9780415944267
• ISBN10: 0415944260
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781317793991
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-11-08
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This dissertation argues that Amazonian indigenous peoples organized via transnational networks due to the domestic blockages presented to them in their respective countires. Due to these blockages and the growing number of transnational political opportunity structures, such as national and international non-govermental organizations, multi-lateral development banks, and multinational corporation, indigenous peoples mobilized through transnational advocacy networks and eventually formed transnational social movement organizations. Through a comparative-historical analysis of five Ecuadorian Amazonian indigenous organizations, this work illustrates the processes of transnational collective action and its outcomes.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	ix
List of Abbreviations	xi
Transcending Borders, an Introduction	3	(10)
Contentious Collective Action	5	(1)
MNCs as Actors in Transnational Contentious Collective Action	6	(1)
The Changing Role of the State in the International System	7	(1)
Central Themes	8	(2)
Organization of the Project	10	(3)
A Transnational Framework	13	(30)
Framework for Analysis	13	(21)
Intensity of Transnational Networks	34	(3)
Research Design	37	(6)
Historical Precursors	43	(24)
The History of the Transnational Indigenous Rights Movement	44	(3)
The Development of the Indigenous Organization in Ecuador	47	(5)
The Role of the State	52	(2)
Pre-Democratic Ecuador	54	(1)
The Transition to Democracy	54	(2)
The 1990 Uprising	56	(3)
The 1993--1994 Uprisings	59	(3)
Ecaudor: Present and Future	62	(1)
Conclusion	63	(4)
Transnational Advocacy Networks in the Ecuadorian Amazon	67	(24)
Introduction	67	(1)
Assumptions	68	(1)
Framework for Analysis	69	(1)
The Ecuadorian Amazon and Indigenous Peoples	70	(2)
Indian Organizations of the Ecaudorian Amazon	72	(1)
Overview of the Cases	73	(12)
Texaco (1972--1993)	73	(2)
Part II (The Initiation of Transnational Networks)	75	(2)
ARCO (1988--1999)	77	(6)
Oxy (1996--1999)	83	(2)
Conclusions: The Future of Transnational Contentious Collective Action?	85	(6)
Transnational Social Movements: Coica and the Coalition for Amazonian Peoples and Their Environment	91	(24)
Introduction	91	(1)
Theoretical Framework	92	(1)
Case Overview	93	(6)
Organizational Structure---COICA	94	(1)
The History of COICA	95	(1)
Forming Transnational Political Strategies	96	(2)
Issues and Political Strategies	98	(1)
Yanomamis in Brazil	99	(2)
Ashaninkas in Peru	101	(1)
Free Trade in the Americas	101	(1)
Peace Between Peru and Ecuador	102	(1)
Intellectual Property Rights	103	(1)
Oil	104	(1)
COICA as a Transnational Social Movement	105	(6)
Organizational Structure---The Coalition	105	(1)
History of the Coalition	106	(1)
Issues and Political Strategies	107	(1)
The Defense of Territories and Resources Working Group	107	(2)
Sustainable Communities Working Group	109	(1)
Collective Rights and International Policy Working Group	110	(1)
The Coalition as a Transnational Social Movement	110	(1)
Conclusion	111	(4)
Analysis and Conclusions	115	(22)
Introduction	115	(1)
Social Movement Theory	116	(1)
The Public/Private Debate	117	(2)
The Emergence of Transnational Contentious Collective Action	119	(4)
Impacts on Organization, Strategies, and Effectiveness	123	(9)
Organization	123	(4)
Mobilization	127	(1)
Effectiveness	128	(4)
The Effects of Transnational Contentious Collective Action	132	(1)
Globalization and an International Society: Some Conclusions	133	(4)
Appendix I: Interview List	137	(6)
Appendix II: Explanation of the Methodology and Interview Process	143	(4)
Appendix III: Interview Questions	147	(4)
References	151	(12)
Index	163