Governance Networks in Public Administration and Public Policy

by Koliba; Christopher

• ISBN13: 9781420071269
• ISBN10: 1420071262
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-07-23
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

What do public administrators and policy analysts have in common? Their work is undertaken within networks formed when different organizations align to accomplish some kind of policy function. To be effective, they must find ways to navigate complexity and generate effective results. Governance Networks in Public Administration and Public Policy describes a variety of trends and movements that have contributed to the complexity of these systems and the challenges that must be faced as a result.Providing a theoretical and empirical foundation in governance networks, the book offers a conceptual framework for describing governance networks and provides a holistic way to conceive their construction. The text details the skills and functions of public administrators in the context of networked relationships and presents the theoretical foundations to analyze governance networks. It identifies the reforms and trends in governing that led to governance networks, explains the roles that various actors take on through networked relationships, highlights the challenges involved in the failure of networked activities, and illustrates how policy tools are mobilized by these relationships.Be a part of building governance networks 2.0!The author's website contains support materials such as PowerPoint® presentations, writable case study templates, and other useful items related to building the field's capacity to describe, evaluate, and design governance networks using the framework of this book. You can post case studies of governance networks, draw on other's case study materials, and learn about research and educational opportunities.Based on research and real-life experience, the book highlights the interplay between public actors and policy tools. The authors demystify this complex topic of governance networks and explore the practical applications of the conceptual framework. Practical and accessible, the book presents concepts in such a way that readers can engage in these ideas, apply them, and deepen their understanding of the dynamics unfolding around them.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	p. xvii
List of Tables	p. xix
Preface	p. xxi
Introduction: Why Governance Networks?	p. xxiii
About the Authors	p. xxxv
The Emergence of Governance Networks: Historical Context, Contemporary Trends, and Considerations	p. 1
Networks as an Inherent Property of the U.S. Government	p. 2
Federalism	p. 7
Networks as an Inherent Property of Intersector Relations in the United States	p. 9
Government-Nonprofit Relations	p. 10
Government-Corporation Relations	p. 12
Contemporary Trends Shaping Innovation in Governance Networks	p. 14
The Persistence of Wicked Problems	p. 14
The Move to Devolve	p. 16
The Move to Privatize	p. 17
The Move to Partner	p. 20
The Move to Regulate and Nationalize	p. 22
Types of Networks Arising out of These Trends	p. 22
The States: Withering State or Democratic Anchorage?	p. 24
Descriptive Considerations	p. 28
Administrative Considerations	p. 31
Accountability Considerations	p. 35
Performance Considerations	p. 37
Defining the Governance Network	p. 41
Fundamentals of Social Network Analysis	p. 42
The Place of Interorganizational Networks in Public Administration, Policy, and Governance Studies	p. 44
The Networked Properties of Governance Processes	p. 46
Discerning the Properties of Governance Networks	p. 55
The Conceptual Architecture of the Book	p. 59
Summary	p. 60
Characteristics of Actors Participating within Governance Networks	p. 67
Goal and Role Orientation of Network Actors	p. 68
Social Sector	p. 70
Geographic Scale	p. 74
Scale of Social Nodes	p. 77
Nodes as Organizations and Institutions	p. 79
Nodes as Groups of Individuals/Communities of Practice	p. 79
Nodes as Individual People	p. 81
Spanning Social Scales	p. 82
Center, Periphery, and Trajectories	p. 82
Variation in Actor Resources and Stock of Available Resources to/Provided by Actors	p. 84
Financial Capital	p. 86
Physical Capital	p. 86
Natural Capital	p. 86
Human Capital	p. 89
Social Capital	p. 89
Political Capital	p. 90
Cultural Capital	p. 91
Knowledge/Intellectual Capital	p. 92
Actor Characteristics: A Review	p. 92
Characteristics of Ties between Actors	p. 95
Social Exchange Theory	p. 96
Resources Exchanged	p. 99
Formality and the Coordination of Ties	p. 101
Strength of Ties	p. 102
Flow of Authority across Ties	p. 104
Command and Control	p. 107
Concession and Comprise	p. 108
Cooperation and Collaboration	p. 109
Competition	p. 111
Characteristics of Ties: A Review	p. 112
Network-Wide Functions	p. 115
Network-Wide Functions	p. 116
Operating Functions	p. 117
Coordinating Action	p. 118
Mobilizing and Exchanging Resources	p. 118
Diffusing and Sharing Information	p. 118
Building Capacity	p. 119
Learning and Transferring Knowledge	p. 119
Policy Stream Functions	p. 120
Defining and Framing Problems	p. 121
Designing and Planning Policy	p. 122
Coordinating Policy	p. 123
Implementing Policy through Regulation	p. 123
Implementing Policy through Service Delivery	p. 124
Evaluating Policy	p. 124
Bringing Political Alignment	p. 124
Policy Domain Functions	p. 125
Network Functions: A Review	p. 127
Network-Wide Structures	p. 131
Policy Tools	p. 132
Macro-Level Network Governance Structure	p. 137
Configurations of Governance Network Structure	p. 140
Intergovernmental Relations (IGRs)	p. 141
Intragovernmental Relations	p. 145
Interest Group Coalitions (IGCs)	p. 145
Regulatory Subsystems (RSSs)	p. 149
Grant and Contract Agreements (GCAs)	p. 152
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)	p. 154
Regional and Geogovernance (GG)	p. 158
Network Structures: A Review	p. 159
Governance Networks as Complex Systems Dynamics	p. 163
Permeability and Openness of Boundaries and Borders	p. 166
System Boundaries	p. 168
Input-Output Flows	p. 171
Inputs	p. 172
Processes	p. 172
Outputs	p. 173
Outcomes	p. 173
Feedback	p. 174
Negative Feedback	p. 175
Positive Feedback	p. 176
The Medium of Feedback in Governance Networks	p. 177
Policy Tools and Feedback	p. 178
Representation and Interest Group Competition as Feedback	p. 179
Acts of Administration as Feedback	p. 180
Accountability as Feedback	p. 180
Performance Measurement as Feedback	p. 180
Network Governance as a Systems Construct	p. 181
Governance Networks as Complex Adaptive Systems	p. 183
How are Governance Networks Managed?	p. 189
The Convergence of Public Administration Paradigms	p. 190
The Contribution of Classical PA to a Network Administration Paradigm	p. 190
The Contribution of New Public Management to a Network Administration Paradigm	p. 192
The Contribution of Collaborative Public Management to a Network Administration Paradigm	p. 194
A Governance Network Administration Paradigm	p. 196
Governance Network Administration (GNA) Strategies	p. 199
Oversight and Mandating	p. 200
Providing Resources	p. 202
Negotiating and Bargaining	p. 202
Facilitation	p. 205
Participatory Governance	p. 207
Boundary Spanning and Brokering	p. 210
Systems Thinking	p. 211
Decision Architectures, Communities of Practice, and Administrative Discretion	p. 214
How Does Governance Network Administration Differ across Social Sectors?	p. 219
Summary Implications for the Role of Managing Mixed-Actor Governance Networks	p. 222
The Hybridized Accountability Regimes of Governance Networks	p. 225
Governance and Accountability	p. 225
Modes of Sector Governance	p. 227
Corporate Governance	p. 230
Nonprofit Governance	p. 234
Governance of Governments	p. 236
Democratic Anchorage	p. 240
Accountability in Terms of Relationships between Network Actors	p. 242
A Governance Network Accountability Framework	p. 243
Democratic Frame	p. 246
Market Frame	p. 248
Administrative Frame	p. 249
Overlapping Accountability Frames	p. 250
Implications of Sector Blurring	p. 251
Nonprofit-Government Accountability Alignments	p. 252
Corporation-Government Accountability Alignments	p. 253
Hybridization of Accountability Regimes	p. 258
Governance Network Performance Management and Measurement	p. 261
Governance and Performance	p. 262
The Performance Measurement Movement	p. 263
Performance Management Systems	p. 265
Challenging the Performance Paradigm	p. 269
Challenges for Performance Management Systems in Governance Networks	p. 272
Using Data to Drive Decisions and Actions	p. 276
Performance Management and Network Accountability	p. 278
Governance Networks Analysis: Implications for Practice, Education, and Research	p. 285
Deepening Our Situational Awareness of Governance Networks	p. 286
Integration of Governance Network Analysis into Formal Education and Training	p. 288
Case Study Analysis	p. 291
Hypothesis Generation: Deductive Testing Leading to Generalization	p. 292
Modeling Complex Governance Networks	p. 296
Utilizing Action Research and Modeling to Inform Planning Design and Practice	p. 297
Governance Networks, 2.0	p. 299
Conclusion: Smart (Democratic) Governance Systems	p. 301
Smart Systems as Ensuring Democratic Anchorage	p. 302
Smart Systems as Governing Dynamic Networks	p. 304
Bibliography	p. 307
Governance Network Taxonomy	p. 331
Case Study Template	p. 337
Index	p. 343
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