Grammar and Usage in the Classroom

by Lester, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780023700606
• ISBN10: 0023700602
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Table of Contents

PART I: TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR
Parts of Speech	3	(68)
Introduction to parts of Speech	3	(2)
Nouns	5	(18)
Identifying common nouns	8	(9)
Using the apostrophe to indicate possessive nouns	17	(6)
Pronouns	23	(13)
Personal pronouns	24	(3)
Reflexive pronouns	27	(1)
Indefinite pronouns	28	(1)
Demonstrative pronouns	29	(1)
Interrogative pronouns	29	(2)
Personal pronoun problems	31	(5)
Adjectives	36	(12)
Predicate adjectives	36	(3)
Modifying adjectives	39	(9)
Verbs	48	(8)
Action verbs	48	(1)
Linking verbs	48	(4)
Finite tenses---present and past	52	(1)
Present tense	53	(1)
Past tense	54	(2)
Adverbs	56	(5)
Adverbs modifying verbs	56	(2)
Adverb modifying adjectives	58	(1)
Adverbs modifying other adverbs	59	(2)
Prepositions	61	(2)
Conjunctions	63	(4)
Coordinating conjunctions	63	(2)
Correlative conjunctions	65	(1)
Parallelism	66	(1)
Interjections	67	(2)
Summary of traditional grammar	69	(2)
The Sentence	71	(24)
Introduction	71	(2)
Subject	73	(3)
Predicate	76	(2)
Subject-verb agreement	78	(1)
Complement	79	(8)
Action verb + complement	79	(4)
Linking verb + complement	83	(4)
Classifying sentences by purpose	87	(1)
Diagraming	88	(5)
Summary of traditional terms	93	(2)
Phrases	95	(51)
Introduction	95	(1)
Noun phrase	96	(2)
Verb phrase	98	(7)
Prepositional phrase	105	(9)
Adjective phrase	106	(2)
Adverb phrase	108	(6)
Appositive phrase	114	(3)
Verbal phrase	117	(28)
Participle and participial phrase	120	(8)
Gerund and gerund phrase	128	(6)
Infinitive and infinitive phrase	134	(11)
Summary of traditional terms	145	(1)
Clauses	146	(41)
Introduction	146	(1)
Adjective (relative) clause	147	(13)
Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses	153	(7)
Adverb clause	160	(5)
Adverb clause modifying an adjective	161	(1)
Adverb clause modifying another adverb	162	(1)
Adverb clause modifying a verb	162	(3)
Subordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs	165	(5)
Noun clause	170	(9)
Sentences classified according to structure	179	(4)
Summary of traditional terms	183	(4)
PART II: ALTERNATIVES AND OPTIONS
A Short History of English Grammar	187	(30)
The origins of traditional grammar	187	(8)
The development of historical-descriptive grammars	195	(2)
The development of structural lingustics	197	(18)
Word formation and parts of speech	200	(7)
Phrasal verbs	207	(4)
Modals	211	(1)
Alternatives to traditional Latin-based analyses of English tense	212	(3)
Summary	215	(2)
Transformational Grammar	217	(45)
Introduction	217	(1)
Theoretical basis of transformational grammar	218	(6)
How classical transformational grammar works	224	(5)
Tense and helping verbs	229	(15)
Modals	232	(3)
Perfect	235	(2)
Progressive	237	(7)
``Stranded'' tense in questions and negative statements	244	(8)
Questions	244	(5)
Negative statements	249	(3)
Passive	252	(5)
The order of transformational rules	257	(3)
Summary	260	(2)
Sentence Combining	262	(71)
Introduction	262	(1)
The Linguistic Perspective	262	(2)
Noun modification	264	(24)
Relative (adjective) clauses	265	(4)
Reducing relative clauses	269	(19)
Nominalization	288	(18)
Noun clauses	291	(2)
Noun phrases	293	(13)
Absolutes	306	(7)
Review	313	(4)
Present participal phrases	313	(1)
Gerund phrases	314	(1)
Absolutes	315	(2)
The Pedagogical Perspective	317	(1)
Kellogg Hunt	317	(7)
What accounts for the growth in T-unit length?	321	(3)
John Mellon	324	(1)
Frank O'Hare	325	(1)
William Strong	325	(1)
Francis Christensen	326	(5)
Summary	331	(2)
Grammar In The Classroom	333	(34)
Introduction	333	(1)
The Role Of Grammar In The Secondary Classroom	334	(3)
Teaching Grammar More Effectively	337	(1)
Teaching grammar for its own sake	338	(9)
Teaching grammar as a way of helping students write better	347	(16)
Student writing error	347	(12)
The relation of grammar and writing	359	(4)
Conclusion	363	(1)
Summary	364	(3)
Suggested Further Readings	367	(4)
Works Cited	371	(2)
Answers To Exercises	373	(138)
Index On Usage	511	(2)
Index	513