Graphics Programming in Icon

by Griswold, Ralph E.; Jeffery, Clinton L.; Townsend, Gregg M.

• ISBN13: 9781573980098
• ISBN10: 1573980099
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-06-01
• Publisher: Independent Pub Group

Table of Contents

Preface	xi	(2)
Acknowledgments	xiii
1 Introduction	1	(6)
The Icon Programming Language	1	(1)
Graphics in Icon	1	(1)
Organization of the Book	2	(3)
How to Use This Book	5	(2)
2 Icon	7	(52)
Getting Started	7	(2)
Expression Evaluation	9	(9)
Types, Values, and Variables	18	(3)
Numerical Computation	21	(2)
Structures	23	(6)
Characters and Strings	29	(6)
Procedures and Scope	35	(4)
File Input and Output	39	(3)
Preprocessing	42	(2)
Running Icon Programs	44	(2)
The Icon Program Library	46	(2)
Special Topics	48	(7)
Library Resources	55	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	55	(4)
3 Graphics	59	(12)
Basic Window Operations	60	(2)
Window Attributes	62	(2)
Example--Random Rectangles	64	(2)
Events	66	(1)
Window Management	67	(1)
Library Resources	68	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	69	(2)
4 Drawing	71	(34)
Points	71	(2)
Lines	73	(4)
Rectangles	77	(2)
Polygons	79	(2)
Circles and Arcs	81	(4)
Smooth Curves	85	(1)
Line Attributes	85	(3)
Reversible Drawing	88	(1)
Coordinate Translation	88	(1)
Clipping	89	(1)
Library Resources	90	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	91	(14)
5 Turtle Graphics	105	(22)
The Turtle Graphics System	105	(5)
Implementing Turtle Graphics	110	(6)
Library Resources	116	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	116	(11)
6 Text	127	(12)
Window Input and Output	127	(1)
Positioning Text	128	(1)
Fonts	129	(4)
Text Width	133	(1)
Drawing Strings	134	(1)
Library Resources	135	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	135	(4)
7 Color	139	(16)
Specifying Colors	139	(5)
Color Correction	144	(1)
Portability Considerations	145	(1)
Color Maps	145	(1)
Mutable Colors	146	(2)
Monochrome Portability	148	(1)
Printing Color Images	149	(1)
Library Resources	150	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	150	(5)
8 Images	155	(10)
Drawing Images	155	(2)
Patterns	157	(4)
Image Files	161	(2)
Library Resources	163	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	163	(2)
9 Windows	165	(18)
The Subject Window	165	(1)
Opening and Closing Windows	166	(1)
Window Size and Position	166	(1)
Stacked Windows	167	(1)
Graphics Contexts	167	(6)
Canvas States	173	(1)
Copying Areas	174	(1)
Reading the Canvas	174	(1)
Customization	175	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	175	(8)
10 Interaction	183	(22)
Events	183	(1)
Processing Event Queues	184	(5)
Polling and Blocking	189	(1)
Event Loops	190	(1)
Active Windows	191	(1)
Synchronization	191	(1)
Audible Alerts	192	(1)
Mouse Pointer	192	(1)
Dialogs	193	(3)
Library Resources	196	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	196	(9)
11 User Interfaces	205	(16)
An Example Application	205	(3)
Interface Tools	208	(7)
Callbacks	215	(2)
The Interaction Model	217	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	218	(3)
12 Building a Visual Interface	221	(46)
Planning the Interface	221	(2)
A Visual Interface Builder	223	(30)
More About Vidgets	253	(1)
The Organization of a Program with a VIB Interface	254	(2)
Multiple VIB Interfaces	256	(4)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	260	(7)
13 Completing an Application	267	(20)
Program Organization	268	(6)
Drawing the Kaleidoscope	274	(3)
The Complete Program	277	(6)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	283	(2)
Other Applications	285	(2)
14 Dialogs	287	(12)
Standard Dialogs	287	(5)
Custom Dialogs	292	(4)
Standard Dialogs Versus Custom Dialogs	296	(1)
Library Resources	296	(1)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	296	(3)
15 A Pattern Editor	299	(28)
The Application	299	(2)
Program Design	301	(4)
Program Organization	305	(8)
The Complete Program	313	(9)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	322	(5)
16 Facial Caricatures	327	(38)
The Application	327	(3)
Program Design	330	(4)
Program Organization	334	(13)
The Complete Program	347	(15)
Tips, Techniques, and Examples	362	(3)
The Appendices	365	(128)
A Syntax	367	(4)
B Preprocessing	371	(4)
Include Directives	371	(1)
Line Directives	372	(1)
Define Directives	372	(1)
Undefine Directives	372	(1)
Predefined Symbols	373	(1)
Substitution	373	(1)
Conditional Compilation	374	(1)
Error Directives	374	(1)
C Control Structures	375	(4)
D Operators	379	(8)
Prefix Operators	379	(2)
Infix Operators	381	(3)
Other Operators	384	(3)
E Procedures	387	(36)
Graphics Procedures	387	(22)
Basic Procedures	409	(14)
F Keywords	423	(6)
G Window Attributes	429	(12)
Canvas Attributes	430	(1)
Graphics Context Attributes	431	(1)
Attribute Descriptions	432	(9)
H Palettes	441	(4)
Grayscale Palettes	441	(1)
The c1 Palette	442	(1)
Uniform Color Palettes	443	(2)
I Drawing Details	445	(4)
Lines	445	(1)
Rectangles	446	(1)
Polygons and Curves	446	(1)
Circles and Arcs	446	(1)
Filled Figures	447	(1)
Rectangular Areas	448	(1)
J Keyboard Symbols	449	(2)
K Event Queues	451	(2)
L Vidgets	453	(4)
Vidget Fields	453	(1)
Vidget States and Callbacks	454	(1)
Vidget Activation	455	(2)
M VIB	457	(16)
The VIB Window	457	(2)
Vidgets	459	(2)
The Application Canvas	461	(1)
Creating Vidgets	462	(1)
Vidget Attributes	463	(5)
Manipulating Vidgets	468	(3)
Custom Dialogs	471	(1)
Prototyping	472	(1)
Limitations	472	(1)
N Platform Dependencies	473	(6)
Microsoft Windows	473	(2)
The X Window System	475	(4)
O Running an Icon Program	479	(8)
Running Icon from the Command Line	479	(1)
Input and Output Redirection	480	(1)
Command-Line Arguments	481	(1)
Environment Variables	481	(1)
Running Icon under Microsoft Windows	482	(3)
User Manuals	485	(2)
P Icon Resources	487	(2)
The CD-ROM	487	(1)
On-Line Access	487	(1)
Implementations	487	(1)
Documentation	488	(1)
Q About the CD-ROM	489	(4)
How to Use the CD-ROM	489	(1)
File Formats	490	(1)
External Links	491	(2)
References	493	(2)
Index	495