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David J.C. Constable is Vice President, Energy, Environment, Safety and Health, at Lockheed Martin. Before joining Lockheed, he worked for over seventeen years at GlaxoSmithKline in a variety of positions, including environmental fate and effects testing, product stewardship, green chemistry and technology, life cycle inventory/assessment, and sustainable development. David holds a BS in environmental studies, air and water pollution, from Slippery Rock University, Pennslyvania, and a PhD in chemistry from the University of Connecticut.
Green Chemistry and Engineering in the Context of Sustainability | |
Why Green Chemistry? | |
Green Chemistry, Green Engineering and Sustainability | |
Until Death Do Us Part: A Marriage of Disciplines | |
Problems | |
References | |
Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Principles | |
Green Chemistry Principles | |
Twelve More Green Chemistry Principles | |
Twelve Principles of Green Engineering | |
The San Destin Declaration - Principles of Green Engineering | |
Simplifying the Principles | |
Problems | |
References | |
Starting with the Basics: Integrating Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) | |
Environmental Issues of Importance | |
Health Issues of Importance | |
Safety Issues of Importance | |
Hazard and Risk | |
An Integrated perspective to Environment, Health and Safety | |
Problems | |
References | |
How do we know it's Green? - A Metrics Primer | |
General Considerations about Green Chemistry and Engineering Metrics | |
Chemistry metrics | |
Process Metrics | |
Cost implications and Green Chemistry Metrics | |
A Final Word on Green Metrics | |
Problems | |
References | |
Route and Chemistry Selection | |
The Challenge of Synthetic Chemistry | |
Making Molecules | |
Using Different Chemistries | |
Route Strategy | |
Protection/Deprotection | |
Going from a route to a process | |
Problems | |
References | |
Material Selection: Solvents, Catalysts, Reagents | |
Solvents and Solvent Selection Strategies | |
Environment, Health and Safety Hazards of Organic Solvents | |
Catalysts and Catalyst Selection Strategies | |
Other Reagents | |
Problems | |
References | |
Reaction Conditions and Green Chemistry | |
Stoichiometry | |
Design of experiments | |
Temperature | |
Solvent use | |
Solvents and Energy Use | |
Reaction and processing time | |
Order and Rate of Reagent Addition | |
Mixing | |
Appendix 7.1: Common Practices in Batch Chemical Processing and their Green Chemistry Impacts | |
Problems | |
References | |
Bioprocesses | |
How Biotechnology has been used | |
Are Bioprocesses Green? | |
What is involved in bioprocessing? | |
Examples of Products obtained from Bioprocessing | |
Problems | |
References | |
Mass and Energy Balances | |
Why do we need Mass Balances, Energy Balances, Process Flow Diagrams? | |
Type of Processes | |
Process Flow Diagams | |
Mass Balances | |
Energy Balances | |
Measuring 'Greenness' of a Process through Energy and Mass Balances | |
Problems | |
References | |
The Scale-up effect | |
The scale-up problem | |
Factors affecting scale-up | |
Scale-up tools | |
Numbering up vs. scaling up | |
Problems | |
References | |
Reactors and Separations | |
Reactors and Separations in Green Engineering | |
Reactors | |
Separations and Other Unit Operations | |
Batch vs. Continuous | |
Does size matter? | |
Problems | |
References | |
Process Synthesis | |
Process Synthesis | |
Process Synthesis Approaches and Green Engineering | |
Evolutionary Techniques | |
Heuristics Methods | |
Hierarchical Decomposition | |
Superstructure and Multi-Objective Optimization | |
Synthesis of Sub-systems | |
Problems | |
References | |
Mass and Energy Integration | |
Process Integration: Synthesis, Analysis and Optimization | |
Energy Integration | |
Mass Integration | |
Problems | |
References | |
Inherent Safety | |
Inherent safety vs "traditional" process safety | |
What is inherent safety or inherently safer design? | |
Inherent Safety in Route Strategy and Process Design | |
Conclusions on Inherent Safety | |
Problems | |
References | |
Process Intensification | |
Process Intensification | |
Process Intensification Technologies | |
Process Intensification Techniques | |
Perspectives on Process Intensification | |
Problems | |
References | |
Life Cycle Inventory and Assessment Concepts | |
What are Life Cycle Inventory and Assessment | |
LCI/A Methodology | |
Interpretation - Making Decisions with LCI/A | |
Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment | |
Problems | |
References | |
Impacts of Materials and Procurement | |
Life Cycle Management | |
Chemical trees and Supply Chains - just where does this stuff come from? | |
"Green Procurement" | |
Transportation Impacts | |
Problems | |
References | |
Impacts of Energy Requirements | |
Where do we get our energy from? | |
Environmental Life Cycle Emissions and Impacts of Energy Generation | |
From Emissions to Impacts | |
Energy Requirements for Waste Treatment | |
Problems | |
References | |
Impacts of Waste and Waste Treatment | |
Environmental Fate and Effects Data | |
Environmental Fate Information - Physical Properties | |
Environmental Fate Information - Transformation and Depletion Mechanisms | |
Environmental Effects Information | |
Environmental Risk Assessment | |
Problems | |
References | |
Total Cost Assessment | |
Background of Total Cost Assessment | |
What is Total Cost Assessment? | |
The relationship between Life Cycle Inventory/Assessment and Total Cost Assessment | |
Timing of a Total Cost Assessment | |
The Total Cost Assessment Methodology | |
Total Cost Assessment in the Green Chemistry Context | |
Problems | |
References | |
Emerging Materials | |
Emerging Materials | |
Nanomaterials | |
Bioplastics/biopolymers | |
About new 'green' materials | |
Problems | |
References | |
Renewable Resources | |
Why do we need Renewable Resources | |
Renewable Materials | |
The Biorefinery | |
Renewable Energy | |
Problems | |
References | |
Evaluating Technologies | |
Why do we need to evaluate technologies and processes comprehensively? | |
Comparing Technologies and Processes | |
One way to Comparing Technologies | |
Trade-offs | |
Advantages and Limitations of Comparing Technologies | |
Problems | |
References | |
Industrial Ecology | |
Background and Definitions on Industrial Ecology | |
Principles and Concepts of Industrial Ecology and Design | |
Industrial Ecology and Design | |
Industrial Ecology in Practice | |
Problems | |
References | |
Tying it all together - Is Sustainability Possible? | |
Can Green Chemistry and Engineering Enable Sustainability? | |
Sustainability, Culture and Policy | |
Influencing Sustainability | |
Moving to Action | |
Problems | |
References | |
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