Green and Sustainable Pharmacy

by Kummerer, Klaus; Hempel, Maximilian

• ISBN13: 9783642051982
• ISBN10: 3642051987
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-04-15
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Within recent years pharmaceuticals have come into focus as contaminants of the environment (see for example Kümmerer, K. editor: Pharmaceuticals in the Environment). At the same time the issue of sustainable chemistry gained momentum. Bringing both together would result in sustainable pharmacy. Sustainable pharmacy is a totally new issue and approach. It addresses environmental, economical and social aspects of pharmacy. In the present stage the focus will be on environmental issues along the whole lifecycle of a pharmaceutical entity. That is dealing with resources and energy input but also with waste issues for example during the synthesis and production of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Furthermore, it would also look on the compounds themselves and will aim to improve the degradability of the compounds after their use in the environment to reduce the environmental risk caused by pharmaceuticals in the environment. Another issue is the people using pharmaceuticals such as pharmacists, medical doctors and patients. How can they contribute to more efficient use of pharmaceuticals with less environmental burden and less risk for drinking water. The book "Sustainable Pharmacy" will address all these issues and will be the first one dealing with this important topic.

Author Biography

Klaus Kmmerer studied chemistry and received his a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Tbingen and had additional education in ecology. Then he headed the Chemistry Department at the Institute for Applied Ecology in Freiburg (Germany). In 1992 he joined the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the University Medical Center where he is currently professor and head of the Applied Environmental Research Section. In 2002 he was a visiting professor at the Case Western University Cleveland (USA). Currently, he is the head of the working group "Products" within the Division of Sustainable Chemistry of the German Chemical Society. In 2009 he won the Recipharm International Environmental Award for his work on pharmaceuticals in the environment and the sustainable pharmacy. Other fields of interest are environmental chemistry and hygiene, and sustainable chemistry. Maximilian Hempel studied Geology with emphasis on geochemistry at the University of Hamburg. He finished his PhD-Thesis on "Mercury in the Environment" at the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg at the Institute of Environmental Technology (Prof. W. Calmano and Prof. U. Frstner). Since 2002, he is in working for the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) and is in charge of the department of environmental chemistry and the PhD-scholarship-programme. His main fields of interest are green and sustainable chemistry, environmental technology, ecotoxicology, green pharmacy, innovation management.

Table of Contents

General Aspects
Why Green and Sustainable Pharmacy?	p. 3
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Moving from a Problem to a Solution	p. 11
Pharmaceuticals in Society	p. 23
Green(er) Pharmacy	p. 37
Creating a Sustainability Culture - A (Human Resources) Management Perspective for Sustainable Pharmacy	p. 61
Reducing the Ecological Footprint of Pharmaceutical Usage: Linkages Between Healthcare Practices and the Environment	p. 77
Development, Synthesis and Production and Distribution of Pharmaceuticals
Ecopharmacostewardship - A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective	p. 105
Protein and Peptide Therapeuticals: An Example of "Benign by Nature" Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients	p. 127
Rational Design of Molecules by Life Cycle Engineering	p. 135
Use and Disposal of Pharmaceuticals
Options for a More Environmentally Friendly Handling of Pharmaceuticals	p. 149
Disposal of Pharmaceutical Waste in Households - A European Survey	p. 165
Pharmaceutical Waste: The Patient Role	p. 179
Forecast of Pharmaceutical Consumption in the Netherlands Using Demographic Projections	p. 201
Emission Management
Point Sources of Human Pharmaceuticals into the Aquatic Environment	p. 211
Pharmaceuticals for Human Use: An Integrated Strategy for Reducing the Contamination of Water Bodies	p. 225
Experiences with the Swedish Environmental Classification Scheme	p. 243
Incentives, Regulation and the Market
European Regulations	p. 253
Regulation and the Market-Incentives	p. 279
Do Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Present an Investment Risk?	p. 287
Outlook
Sustainable Health Products and Service Solutions in the Year 2050	p. 295
Summary and Outlook	p. 299
Index	p. 305
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