Ground Water Hydrology, 2nd Edition

by David Keith Todd (Univ. of California, Berkeley)

• ISBN13: 9780471876168
• ISBN10: 047187616X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1980-01-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

A unified presentation of the subject, treating fundamental principles, methods, and problems encountered in the field as a whole. All chapters have been extensively rewritten and expanded to keep up with the enormous growth of the subject matter. Nearly all references have been replaced; new ones have been selected on the basis of significance and general availability. Metric units have been employed exclusively. A conversion table for English units is included as an appendix.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(22)
Scope	1	(1)
Historical Background	2	(5)
Utilization of Groundwater	7	(6)
Groundwater in the Hydrologic Cycle	13	(4)
Literature and Data Sources	17	(6)
Occurence of Groundwater	23	(41)
Origin and Age of Groundwater	23	(2)
Rock Properties Affecting Groundwater	25	(6)
Vertical Distribution of Groundwater	31	(1)
Zone of Aeration	31	(5)
Zone of Saturation	36	(1)
Geologic Formations as Aquifers	37	(5)
Types of Aquifers	42	(3)
Storage Coefficient	45	(2)
Groundwater Basins	47	(1)
Springs	47	(3)
Hydrothermal Phenomena	50	(4)
Groundwater in Permafrost Regions	54	(1)
Groundwater in the United States	55	(9)
Groundwater Movement	64	(47)
Darcy's Law	64	(4)
Permeability	68	(2)
Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity	70	(8)
Anisotropic Aquifers	78	(3)
Groundwater Flow Rates	81	(2)
Groundwater Flow Directions	83	(10)
Dispersion	93	(4)
Groundwater Tracers	97	(2)
General Flow Equations	99	(2)
Unsaturated Flow	101	(10)
Groundwater and Well Hydraulics	111	(53)
Steady Unidirectional Flow	111	(4)
Steady Radial Flow to a Well	115	(6)
Well in a Uniform Flow	121	(2)
Unsteady Radial Flow in a Confined Aquifer	123	(11)
Unsteady Radial Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer	134	(2)
Unsteady Radial Flow in a Leaky Aquifer	136	(3)
Well Flow Near Aquifer Boundaries	139	(8)
Multiple Well Systems	147	(2)
Partially Penetrating Wells	149	(3)
Well Flow for Special Conditions	152	(1)
Characteristic Well Losses	152	(3)
Specific Capacity	155	(9)
Water Wells	164	(54)
Test Holes and Well Logs	164	(1)
Methods for Constructing Shallow Wells	165	(9)
Methods for Drilling Deep Wells	174	(11)
Well Completion	185	(9)
Well Development	194	(5)
Testing Wells for Yield	199	(1)
Pumping Equipment	200	(5)
Protection of Wells	205	(4)
Well Rehabilitation	209	(2)
Horizontal Wells	211	(7)
Groundwater Levels and Environmental Influences	218	(49)
Time Variations of Levels	218	(4)
Streamflow and Groundwater Levels	222	(8)
Fluctuations Due to Evapotranspiration	230	(5)
Fluctuations Due to Meteorological Phenomena	235	(7)
Fluctuations Due to Tides	242	(5)
Urbanization	247	(3)
Earthquakes	250	(2)
External Loads	252	(1)
Land Subsidence and Groundwater	253	(14)
Quality of Groundwater	267	(49)
Sources of Salinity	267	(10)
Measures of Water Quality	277	(1)
Chemical Analysis	277	(7)
Graphic Representations	284	(6)
Physical Analysis	290	(1)
Biological Analysis	290	(1)
Groundwater Samples	290	(1)
Water Quality Criteria	291	(10)
Changes in Chemical Composition	301	(5)
Dissolved Gases	306	(1)
Temperature	307	(3)
Saline Groundwater	310	(6)
Pollution of Groundwater	316	(37)
Pollution in Relation to Water Use	317	(1)
Municipal Sources and Causes	317	(10)
Industrial Sources and Causes	327	(5)
Agricultural Sources and Causes	332	(2)
Miscellaneous Sources and Causes	334	(3)
Attenuation of Pollution	337	(4)
Distribution of Pollution Underground	341	(3)
Evaluation of Pollution Potential	344	(1)
Monitoring Groundwater Quality	344	(9)
Management of Groundwater	353	(31)
Concepts of Basin Management	353	(1)
Equation of Hydrologic Equilibrium	354	(4)
Groundwater Basin Investigations	358	(3)
Data Collection and Fieldwork	361	(2)
Alternative Basin Yields	363	(3)
Evaluation of Perennial Yield	366	(3)
Salt Balance	369	(2)
Basin Management by Conjunctive Use	371	(5)
Examples of Groundwater Management	376	(8)
Groundwater Modeling Techniques	384	(25)
Porous Media Models	384	(3)
Analog Models	387	(6)
Electric Analog Models	393	(6)
Digital Computer Models	399	(10)
Surface Investigations of Groundwater	409	(22)
Geologic Methods	409	(1)
Remote Sensing	410	(3)
Geophysical Exploration	413	(1)
Electric Resistivity Method	414	(6)
Seismic Refraction Method	420	(5)
Gravity and Magnetic Methods	425	(1)
Water Witching	425	(6)
Subsurface Investigations of Groundwater	431	(27)
Test Drilling	431	(3)
Water Level Measurement	434	(3)
Geophsical Logging	437	(2)
Resistivity Logging	439	(5)
Spontaneous Potential Logging	444	(2)
Radiation Logging	446	(3)
Temperature Logging	449	(1)
Caliper Logging	450	(1)
Fluid-Conductivity Logging	450	(1)
Fluid-Velocity Logging	450	(2)
Miscellaneous Logging Techniques	452	(2)
Other Subsurface Methods	454	(4)
Artificial Recharge of Groundwater	458	(36)
Concept of Artificial Recharge	458	(1)
Recharge Methods	459	(13)
Research on Water Spreading	472	(3)
Wastewater Recharge for Reuse	475	(4)
Recharge Mounds	479	(2)
Artificial Recharge on Long Island, New York	481	(4)
Induced Recharge	485	(3)
Artificial Recharge for Energy Purposes	488	(6)
Saline Water Intrusion in Aquifers	494	(27)
Occurrence of Saline Water Intrusion	494	(2)
Ghyben-Herzberg Relation Between Fresh and Saline Waters	496	(3)
Shape of the Fresh-Salt Water Interface	499	(1)
Structure of the Fresh-Salt Water Interface	500	(2)
Upconing of Saline Water	502	(3)
Fresh-Salt Water Relations on Oceanic Islands	505	(4)
Seawater Intrusion in Karst Terranes	509	(1)
Control of Saline Water Intrusion	510	(2)
Examples of Seawater Intrusion	512	(3)
Recognition of Seawater in Groundwater	515	(6)
Appendix Metric Units and English Equivalents	521	(6)
Metric Units	521	(1)
Common Metric Equivalents	522	(1)
Metric Prefixes	523	(1)
Metric-English Equivalents	523	(2)
Numerical Values for Physical Properties	525	(2)
Index	527