Guide to Tcp/ip

by Tittel, Ed; Chappell, Laura

• ISBN13: 9781418837556
• ISBN10: 1418837555
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-08-14
• Publisher: Course Technology

Summary

Learn the concepts, terminology, protocols and services that the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite uses to make the Internet work! This book clearly displays and demonstrates TCP/IP capabilities while encouraging readers to interact with the protocols as well as to read and learn about them. It provides both the knowledge and tools would-be network administrators and analysts need to understand what's happening on their networks, and to appreciate that behavior from the perspectives of traffic analysis and characterization, error detection and troubleshooting, security analysis and remedial action, and more.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Introducing TCP/IP	1	(54)
What Is TCP/IP?	2	(1)
The Origins and History of TCP/IP	2	(5)
TCP/IP's Design Goals	2	(1)
A TCP/IP Chronology	3	(3)
Who ``Owns'' TCP/IP?	6	(1)
Meet the Standards Groups That Manage TCP/IP	6	(1)
TCP/IP Standards and RFCs	7	(1)
OSI Network Reference Model Overview	8	(8)
Models Break Networking into Layers	9	(1)
The ISO/OSI Network Reference Model	10	(1)
How Protocol Layers Behave	11	(5)
The TCP/IP Networking Model	16	(6)
TCP/IP Network Access Layer	17	(1)
TCP/IP Network Access Layer Protocols	18	(1)
TCP/IP Internet Layer Functions	19	(1)
TCP/IP Internet Layer Protocols	20	(1)
TCP/IP Transport Layer Functions	21	(1)
TCP/IP Transport Layer Protocols	21	(1)
TCP/IP Application Layer	21	(1)
TCP/IP Protocols, Services, Sockets, and Ports	22	(3)
TCP/IP Protocol Numbers	23	(1)
TCP/IP Port Numbers	24	(1)
TCP/IP Sockets	25	(1)
Data Encapsulation in TCP/IP	25	(1)
About Protocol Analysis	26	(7)
Useful Roles for Protocol Analysis	26	(1)
Protocol Analyzer Elements	27	(4)
Placing a Protocol Analyzer on a Network	31	(2)
Chapter Summary	33	(2)
Key Terms	35	(10)
Review Questions	45	(4)
Hands-on Projects	49	(4)
Case Projects	53	(2)
IP Addressing and Related Topics	55	(44)
IP Addressing Basics	56	(2)
Anatomy of an IP Address	58	(1)
IP Address Classes	58	(5)
More About Class A Addresses	59	(1)
More About Class B Addresses	60	(1)
More About Class C Addresses	61	(1)
More About Address Classes D and E	62	(1)
Network, Broadcast, Multicast, and Other Special IP Addresses	63	(3)
Broadcast Packet Structures	63	(1)
Multicast Packet and Address Structures	64	(2)
The Vanishing IP Address Space	66	(1)
Understanding Basic Binary Arithmetic	67	(4)
Converting Decimal to Binary	68	(1)
Converting Binary to Decimal	69	(1)
High-Order Bit Patterns	70	(1)
Low-Order Bit Patterns	70	(1)
IP Networks, Subnets, and Masks	71	(6)
IP Subnets and Supernets	71	(6)
Classless Inter-Domain Routing	77	(2)
Public Versus Private IP Addresses	79	(2)
Managing Access to IP Address Information	81	(1)
Obtaining Public IP Addresses	81	(1)
IP Addressing Schemes	82	(3)
The Network Space	82	(2)
The Host Space	84	(1)
Chapter Summary	85	(1)
Key Terms	86	(4)
Review Questions	90	(4)
Hands-on Projects	94	(3)
Case Projects	97	(2)
Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols	99	(62)
Data Link Protocols	100	(5)
The Serial Line Internet Protocol	101	(1)
Point-to-Point Protocol	102	(2)
Special Handling for PPP Links	104	(1)
Frame Types	105	(10)
Ethernet Frame Types	105	(6)
Token Ring Frame Types	111	(4)
Hardware Addresses in the IP Environment	115	(9)
ARP Packet Fields and Functions	117	(4)
ARP Cache	121	(2)
Proxy ARP	123	(1)
Reverse ARP	124	(1)
About Internet Protocol	124	(5)
Sending IP Datagrams	125	(1)
Route Resolution Process	125	(4)
Lifetime of an IP Datagram	129	(1)
Fragmentation and Reassembly	130	(2)
Service Delivery Options	132	(3)
Precedence	133	(1)
Type of Service	133	(1)
Differentiated Services and Explicit Congestion Notification	134	(1)
IP Header Fields and Functions	135	(9)
Version Field	135	(1)
Header Length Field	136	(1)
Type of Service Field	136	(1)
New TOS Field Function: Differentiated Services and Congestion Control	137	(3)
Total Length Field	140	(1)
Identification Field	140	(1)
Flags Field	141	(1)
Fragment Offset Field	142	(1)
Time to Live (TTL) Field	142	(1)
Protocol Field	142	(1)
Header Checksum Field	142	(1)
Source Address Field	143	(1)
Destination Address Field	143	(1)
Options Fields	143	(1)
Chapter Summary	144	(2)
Key Terms	146	(6)
Review Questions	152	(3)
Hands-on Projects	155	(4)
Case Projects	159	(2)
Internet Control Message Protocol	161	(50)
Understanding the Internet Control Message Protocol	162	(2)
Overview of RFC 792	162	(1)
ICMP's Vital Role on IP Networks	163	(1)
Testing and Troubleshooting Sequences for ICMP	164	(14)
Connectivity Testing with PING	164	(2)
Path Discovery with TRACEROUTE	166	(2)
Path Discovery with PATHPING	168	(1)
Path MTU Discovery with ICMP	168	(4)
Routing Sequences for ICMP	172	(4)
Security Issues for ICMP	176	(2)
ICMP Packet Fields and Functions	178	(18)
Constant ICMP Fields	179	(3)
The Variable ICMP Structures and Functions	182	(14)
Chapter Summary	196	(1)
Key Terms	196	(4)
Review Questions	200	(4)
Hands-on Projects	204	(5)
Case Projects	209	(2)
Transport Layer TCP/IP Protocols	211	(42)
UDP---A Connectionless Transport Layer Protocol	212	(6)
Overview of UDP	213	(1)
UDP Header Fields and Functions	213	(4)
UDP Port Numbers and Processes	217	(1)
TCP---A Connection-Oriented Protocol	218	(20)
Overview of TCP	219	(1)
TCP Startup Connection Process	220	(5)
TCP Keep-Alive Process	225	(1)
TCP Connection Termination	226	(2)
TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment Process	228	(1)
TCP Error-Detection and Error-Recovery Process	229	(2)
TCP Congestion Control	231	(2)
TCP Sliding Window	233	(1)
TCP Header Fields and Functions	234	(4)
Choosing Between TCP and UDP	238	(2)
Chapter Summary	240	(1)
Key Terms	241	(3)
Review Questions	244	(4)
Hands-on Projects	248	(4)
Case Projects	252	(1)
Basic TCP/IP Services	253	(58)
How Application Layer IP Protocols Work and Behave	254	(2)
Understanding FTP	256	(7)
FTP Elements	256	(3)
Sample FTP Communications	259	(2)
Active and Passive FTP	261	(2)
Understanding Telnet	263	(5)
Telnet Elements	263	(3)
Sample Telnet Communications	266	(2)
Understanding SMTP	268	(4)
SMTP Elements	268	(2)
Sample SMTP Communications	270	(2)
Understanding HTTP	272	(6)
HTTP Elements	273	(2)
Sample HTTP Communications	275	(3)
Understanding MSN Messenger	278	(6)
MSN Messenger Elements	278	(1)
MSN Messenger Commands	279	(3)
Sample MSN Messenger Communications	282	(2)
Understanding VoIP	284	(5)
VoIP Elements	284	(3)
Sample VoIP Communications	287	(2)
Other Common TCP/IP-based Services	289	(5)
Echo	290	(1)
Quote of the Day	290	(1)
Character Generator	290	(1)
Whois	291	(1)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol	291	(1)
Finger	291	(1)
Remote Procedure Call	292	(1)
Simple Network Management Protocol	292	(1)
NetBIOS over TCP/IP	293	(1)
Decoding Application Layer Protocols	294	(2)
Chapter Summary	296	(1)
Key Terms	297	(4)
Review Questions	301	(4)
Hands-on Projects	305	(5)
Case Projects	310	(1)
Domain Name System	311	(50)
DNS History and Background	312	(8)
DNS Database Structure	313	(2)
The DNS Namespace	315	(1)
DNS Database Records	316	(1)
Delegating DNS Authority	317	(1)
Types of DNS Servers	317	(2)
The Client Side of DNS	319	(1)
How Domain Name Servers Work	320	(3)
Recursive Query	321	(1)
Iterative or Non-Recursive Queries	322	(1)
The Importance of DNS Caching	323	(1)
DNS Configuration Files and Resource Record Formats	324	(4)
Start of Authority Record	324	(2)
Address and Canonical Name Records	326	(1)
Mapping Addresses to Names	327	(1)
Handling the Loopback Address	328	(2)
Obtaining and Storing Root Server Data	329	(1)
Examining the named.root File	330	(1)
The NSLOOKUP Command	330	(4)
NSLOOKUP Details	331	(1)
Using NSLOOKUP	332	(2)
DNS Query/Response Packet Formats	334	(7)
DNS Implementation	341	(2)
The Trouble with DNS	342	(1)
Additional Readings on DNS	343	(1)
Chapter Summary	343	(1)
Key Terms	344	(4)
Review Questions	348	(4)
Hands-on Projects	352	(6)
Case Projects	358	(3)
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol	361	(40)
Introducing DHCP	362	(5)
How DHCP Works	363	(1)
The Role of Leases	364	(1)
DHCP Software Elements	365	(1)
DHCP Lease Types	366	(1)
More About DHCP Leases	366	(1)
Understanding IP Address Management with DHCP	367	(1)
DHCP Address Discovery	368	(6)
The Discover Packet	369	(2)
The Offer Packet	371	(1)
The Request Packet	372	(1)
The Acknowledgment Packet	373	(1)
The Address Renewal Process	374	(1)
The Renewal Time (T1)	374	(1)
The Rebinding Time (T2)	374	(1)
The DHCP Address Release Process	375	(1)
DHCP Packet Structures	376	(6)
DHCP Options	378	(4)
Broadcast and Unicast in DHCP	382	(1)
Communications with a DHCP Relay Agent	383	(1)
Microsoft DHCP Scopes and Classes	384	(1)
Setting Up a Simple DHCP Server	384	(4)
Troubleshooting DHCP	388	(2)
Chapter Summary	390	(1)
Key Terms	391	(2)
Review Questions	393	(4)
Hands-on Projects	397	(3)
Case Projects	400	(1)
Securing TCP/IP Environments	401	(64)
Understanding Computer and Network Security	402	(8)
Principles of IP Security	402	(2)
Understanding Typical IP Attacks, Exploits, and Break-Ins	404	(3)
Common Types of IP-Related Attacks	407	(1)
What IP Services Are Most Vulnerable?	408	(1)
Holes, Back Doors, and Other Illicit Points of Entry	409	(1)
The Anatomy of IP Attacks	410	(3)
Reconnaissance and Discovery Processes	410	(2)
The Attack	412	(1)
The Cover-Up	412	(1)
Common IP Points of Attack	413	(11)
Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horse Programs	413	(3)
Denial of Service Attacks	416	(2)
Distributed Denial of Service Attacks	418	(1)
Buffer Overflows/Overruns	419	(1)
Spoofing	420	(1)
TCP Session Hijacking	421	(1)
Network Sniffing	422	(2)
Maintaining IP Security	424	(18)
Apply Security Patches and Fixes	424	(1)
Knowing Which Ports to Block	425	(1)
Recognizing Attack Signatures	426	(2)
Using IP Security	428	(3)
Protecting the Perimeter of the Network	431	(1)
Understanding the Basics of Firewalls	432	(4)
Understanding the Basics of Proxy Servers	436	(1)
Implementing Firewalls and Proxy Servers	436	(1)
Planning and Implementing, Step by Step	436	(3)
Understanding the Test-Attack-Tune Cycle	439	(1)
Understanding the Role of IDS and IPS in IP Security	440	(1)
Updating Anti-Virus Engines and Virus Lists	441	(1)
The Security Update Process	441	(1)
Understanding Security Policies and Recovery Plans	442	(3)
Windows XP and Windows Server 2003: Another Generation of Network Security	445	(2)
Honeypots and Honeynets	447	(1)
Chapter Summary	448	(1)
Key Terms	449	(7)
Review Questions	456	(4)
Hands-on Projects	460	(3)
Case Projects	463	(2)
Routing in the IP Environment	465	(40)
Understanding Routing	466	(7)
How Entries Are Placed in the Routing Table	467	(1)
Routing Protocols and Routed Protocols	468	(1)
Grouping Routing Protocols	468	(5)
Routing Characteristics	473	(4)
Route Convergence	473	(1)
Split Horizon	473	(1)
Poison Reverse	473	(1)
Time to Live	474	(1)
Multicast Versus Broadcast Update Behavior	475	(1)
ICMP Router Advertisements	475	(1)
Black Holes	475	(1)
Areas, Autonomous Systems, and Border Routers	475	(2)
Interior Gateway Protocols	477	(9)
RIP	477	(4)
Open Shortest Path First	481	(5)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol	486	(1)
Border Gateway Protocol	486	(1)
Managing Routing on an In-House Internetwork	487	(1)
Hybrid Networks	488	(1)
Routing On and Off a Wide Area Network	489	(2)
Several Small Offices	489	(1)
Hub and Spoke	489	(1)
Multiprotocol	490	(1)
Mobile Users	490	(1)
Routing To and From the Internet	491	(1)
Securing Routers and Routing Behavior	492	(1)
Troubleshooting IP Routing	493	(1)
Chapter Summary	493	(2)
Key Terms	495	(2)
Review Questions	497	(4)
Hands-on Projects	501	(2)
Case Projects	503	(2)
Monitoring and Managing IP Networks	505	(32)
Understanding Network Management Practices and Principles	506	(6)
Network Management Architectures	506	(2)
The OSI Network Management Model	508	(1)
Practical Network Management	509	(1)
In-band Versus Out-of-band Management	510	(2)
Understanding SNMP	512	(9)
Management Information Base Objects	513	(4)
SNMP Agents	517	(1)
SNMP Managers	518	(1)
SNMP Messages	518	(1)
SNMP Security	519	(2)
Installing and Configuring SNMP Agents and Consoles	521	(3)
Agent Installation	521	(1)
Agent Configuration	522	(1)
Console Installation	523	(1)
Console Configuration	523	(1)
SNMP Consoles, Tools, Utilities, and Key Files	524	(1)
Integrating SNMP with Other Management Environments	525	(1)
Troubleshooting SNMP	526	(1)
Chapter Summary	526	(1)
Key Terms	527	(2)
Review Questions	529	(4)
Hands-on Projects	533	(2)
Case Projects	535	(2)
TCP/IP, NETBIOS, and WINS	537	(48)
History of NetBIOS	538	(1)
What Is NetBIOS (and Why Do I Care)?	539	(1)
How Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 Work with NetBIOS	540	(1)
NetBIOS and TCP/IP	541	(3)
Using DNS Only	541	(1)
Using NBF Only	541	(1)
Combining TCP/IP and NetBIOS	542	(2)
How Does NetBIOS Work?	544	(2)
NetBIOS Traffic	544	(1)
Registering and Challenging NetBIOS Names	545	(1)
NetBIOS Name Resolution	545	(1)
Other NetBIOS Services	545	(1)
NetBIOS Names	546	(3)
Structure of NetBIOS Names	546	(2)
NetBIOS Scope Identifier	548	(1)
NetBIOS Name Registration and Resolution	549	(6)
Name Resolution Regimes by Node Type	549	(2)
NetBIOS Name Cache and LMHOSTS File	551	(1)
WINS Name Registration and Resolution	552	(2)
DNS and The HOSTS File	554	(1)
NetBIOS Over TCP/IP	555	(1)
NetBIOS and DNS Name Resolution	556	(2)
Creating a Usable Host Name from a NetBIOS Name	556	(1)
Converting an Encoded NetBIOS Name to a Fully Qualified Domain Name	557	(1)
WINS Servers	558	(4)
How WINS Works	558	(1)
Different WINS Configurations	559	(3)
Integrating WINS and DNS	562	(4)
Pointing DNS at WINS for NetBIOS Name Resolution	563	(2)
Reverse DNS Lookup for NetBIOS Names	565	(1)
Windows Server 2003 WINS Improvements	566	(1)
Troubleshooting WINS and NetBIOS	566	(1)
Common Sources of Failure	567	(1)
Tools for Troubleshooting NetBIOS and WINS Problems	567	(1)
NBTSTAT	567	(3)
Typical Errors in NetBIOS and WINS	569	(1)
Security Flaw in NetBIOS	570	(1)
Chapter Summary	570	(1)
Key Terms	571	(2)
Review Questions	573	(4)
Hands-on Projects	577	(5)
Case Projects	582	(3)
Internet Protocol Version 6	585	(54)
Why Create a New Version of IP?	586	(1)
The IPv6 Address Space	587	(10)
Address Format and Allocations	587	(4)
Address Types	591	(6)
Routing Considerations	597	(3)
Neighbor Discovery and Router Advertisement	598	(1)
Path MTU Discovery and Changes in Fragmentation	599	(1)
Working with IPv6 Protocols	600	(1)
Name Resolution in IPv6	600	(1)
IPv6 Packet Formats	601	(9)
Basic IPv6 Header Format	602	(3)
Extension Headers	605	(5)
New and Enhanced IPv6 Features	610	(10)
Autoconfiguration	611	(2)
Security	613	(2)
Quality of Service	615	(1)
Router Alerts and Hop-by-Hop Options	616	(1)
Mobile Users	617	(3)
Coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6	620	(2)
Dual Stack Approach	620	(1)
Tunneling Through the IPv4 Cloud	621	(1)
IPv6 Rate of Adoption	621	(1)
Transitioning to IPv6: The Reality	622	(4)
Interoperability	622	(2)
Transitioning to IPv6 from the Windows Perspective	624	(1)
Availability	625	(1)
What's Next?	626	(1)
Chapter Summary	626	(1)
Key Terms	627	(3)
Review Questions	630	(5)
Hands-on Projects	635	(2)
Case Projects	637	(2)
APPENDIX A Important RFCs	639	(10)
APPENDIX B Key IP Resources Online	649	(8)
General IP/Internet Overviews	650	(1)
IP/Internet Histories	650	(1)
General Pointers to Internet and Networking Topics	650	(1)
RFC Resources	651	(1)
IP Addressing, Subnetting, and Supernetting	651	(1)
Binary Arithmetic Overviews	651	(1)
General IP Protocol Information	651	(1)
DNS Information	652	(1)
DHCP Information	652	(1)
IP Security	652	(1)
IP Routing	653	(1)
SNMP	653	(1)
NetBIOS over TCP/IP	654	(1)
IPv6	654	(1)
TCP/IP Newsgroups	655	(2)
APPENDIX C Command-line IP Utilities	657	(8)
ARP	658	(1)
Syntax	658	(1)
IPCONFIG	658	(1)
Syntax	658	(1)
Netsh	659	(1)
Syntax	659	(1)
NETSTAT	660	(1)
Syntax	660	(1)
PATHPING	661	(1)
Syntax	661	(1)
PING	661	(1)
Syntax	662	(1)
ROUTE	662	(1)
Syntax	662	(1)
TRACERT	663	(2)
Syntax	663	(2)
APPENDIX D Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP Registry Settings	665	(8)
APPENDIX E Contents of the Online Companion	673	(4)
Tools	674	(1)
Engineer's Edition Toolset	674	(1)
Ethereal® for Windows	674	(1)
IP Subnet Calculator	674	(1)
OmniPeek Personal	675	(1)
ProConvert	675	(1)
Sam Spade	675	(1)
WinPcap	675	(1)
VisualRoute for Windows	675	(1)
Trace (Data) Files	675	(2)
APPENDIX F TCP/UDP Port Numbers	677	(2)
APPENDIX G DHCP Options	679	(2)
Glossary	681	(42)
Index	723