Guidelines for Process Hazards Analysis (PHA, HAZOP), Hazards Identification, and Risk Analysis

by Hyatt; Nigel

• ISBN13: 9780849319099
• ISBN10: 0849319099
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2003-03-03
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

This unique manual is a comprehensive, easy-to-read overview of hazards analysis as it applies to the process and allied industries. The book begins by building a background in the technical definition of risk, past industrial incidents and their impacts, ensuing legislation, and the language and terms of the risk field. It addresses the different types of structured analytical techniques for conducting Process Hazards Analyses (PHA), provides a "What If" checklist, and shows how to organize and set up PHA sessions. Other topics include layout and siting considerations, human factors, loss of containment, and PHA team leadership issues.

Table of Contents

Introduction
CHAPTER 1	1-1	(1)
Risk Concepts
Hazardous Event	1-1	(1)
What is Risk?	1-1	(1)
Typical Incidents that Concern Us	1-2	(1)
Industrial Incidents of Major Significance	1-2	(1)
CHAPTER 2	2-1	(1)
Regulatory Developments
North America	2-1	(2)
Bodies and Regulatory Developments in North America	2-1	(1)
Individual States Legislation in the USA	2-2	(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),	2-3	(1)
Process Management of Highly Hazardous Regulations - 29 CFR 1910119
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Risk	2-9	(1)
Management Plan (RMP) Rule - 40 CFR Part 68	2-12	(1)
United Kingdom
European Commission (EC)	2-13	(2)
CHAPTER 3	3-1	(1)
Risk Terminology
CHAPTER 4	4-1	(1)
Process Hazards & Risk Management Alternatives
Hazards that Concern us	4-1	(1)
What Increases the Potential for Industrial Facilities to Become More Hazardous?	4-2	(1)
What Makes Transportation of Dangerous Goods More Hazardous?	4-3	(1)
How are Process Risks Analyzed?	4-3	(1)
Principle and Practice of Risk Analysis via Quantitative Risk Assessment	4-7	(1)
Risk versus Safety: a Comparative View	4-9	(1)
Risk Management Alternatives for New (Proposed) & Existing Hazardous Facilities	4-11	(1)
CHAPTER 5	5-1	(1)
Identification of Hazards and Structured Hazards Analysis Tools
How do we identify Hazards?	5-1	(1)
Widely Used Methodologies to Identify Hazards	5-1	(1)
Preliminary Hazards Analysis (PrHA)	5-2	(1)
Hazards And Operability Analysis (HAZOP)	5-2	(1)
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)	5-7	(1)
What If Analysis	5-8	(1)
Checklist Analysis	5-9	(1)
Use of Risk Matrix With Hazards Identificationq	5-10	(1)
Example: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Rail Car Loading Terminal	5-11	(1)
CHAPTER 6	6-1	(1)
Basics of HAZOP
What Did we Do Before HAZOP Came Along?	6-1	(1)
How Do We Know If a Plant Is Safe?	6-1	(1)
HAZOP Methodology	6-2	(1)
Methodology for Generating Deviations	6-3	(1)
What Type of HAZOP Should You Use?	6-4	(1)
Steps in the HAZOP Process	6-5	(1)
Variations in HAZOP Types	6-7	(1)
Preparation of HAZOP Reports	6-10	(1)
HAZOP Example	6-12	(1)
CHAPTER 7	7-1	(1)
Pitfalls with HAZOP, Optimization of PHAs & Sizing of Nodes
Pitfalls with HAZOP	7-1	(1)
Optimization: When to Do What	7-5	(1)
Choosing & Sizing of Nodes for HAZOP	7-6	(1)
CHAPTER 8	8-1	(1)
What If/Checklist
What If	8-1	(1)
Checklist	8-3	(1)
What If Example	8-9	(1)
CHAPTER 9	9-1	(1)
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
What Is FMEA?	9-1	(1)
Reasons for Using FMEA	9-1	(1)
When and Where to Use It?	9-2	(1)
Regulatory Compliance	9-2	(1)
Different Types of FMEAs	9-4	(1)
Methodology	9-4	(1)
Risk Analysis (prioritizing risks)	9-5	(1)
FMEA Worksheet Format	9-10	(1)
FMECA	9-11	(1)
Benefits of FMEA and FMECA	9-12	(1)
Pitfalls with FMEA and FMECA	9-13	(1)
FMEA Terminology	9-13	(1)
Sample of FMEA Report Using Software	9-16	(1)
CHAPTER 10	10-1	(1)
Screening Level Risk Analysis (SLRA)
Basis	10-1	(1)
Purpose	10-1	(1)
When to Use SLRA	10-1	(1)
SLRA Methodology	10-2	(1)
Results	10-4	(1)
Example of SLRA Worksheet	10-4	(1)
CHAPTER 11	11-1	(1)
PHA Revalidation
Overview	11-1	(1)
Objectives of PHA Revalidation	11-1	(1)
Considerations of PHA Revalidation 11-2
Determination of the Scope of PHA Revalidation Study-6-Step Approach	11-3	(1)
PHA Revalidation Checklist of Suggested Items	11-11	(1)
CHAPTER 12	12-1	(1)
Management of Change (MOC)
Introduction	12-1	(1)
Changes Justifying PHAs	12-3	(1)
MOCs Implementation	12-6	(1)
CHAPTER 13	13-1	(1)
Estimation of Time Needed for PHAs
How to estimate the time	13-2	(1)
CHAPTER 14	14-1	(1)
Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings
Overview	14-1	(1)
Major Concerns	14-1	(1)
API 752 - Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings	14-4	(1)
Considerations in Hazards Identification	14-5	(1)
Analysis Process for an Explosion	14-8	(1)
Analysis Process for a Fire	14-11	(1)
Analysis Process for a Toxic Release	14-13	(1)
API 752 Building Checklist	14-15	(1)
Facility Siting Checklists	14-16	(1)
CHAPTER 15	15-1	(1)
PHA Protocols and Administrative and Engineering Controls
PHA Protocols	15-1	(1)
Administrative and Engineering Controls	15-2	(1)
Administrative and Engineering Controls as Safeguards	15-21	(1)
Consequences of Failures of Administrative and Engineering Controls	15-22	(1)
CHAPTER 16	16-1	(1)
Human Factors
Introduction	16-1	(1)
Human Factors in Relation to PHAs	16-1	(1)
CHAPTER 17	17-1	(1)
Loss of Containment
Examples of Loss of Containment	17-3	(1)
Loss of Containment Calculations	17-6	(1)
Nomenclature	17-15	(1)
CHAPTER 18	18-1	(1)
Managing and Justifying Recommendations
The Dilemma for Management	18-1	(1)
How to Proceed with Presenting Specific Recommendations to Management	18-2	(1)
Correct Descriptions of Recommendations	18-2	(1)
The Role of Risk Matrices in Indicating Viability of Recommendations	18-3	(1)
Validity of Risk Matrices	18-4	(1)
Use of Financial Risk Matrix	18-6	(1)
Justification of New Risk Measures	18-9	(1)
CHAPTER 19	19-1	(1)
PHA Team Leadership
Objectives of PHA	19-1	(1)
Opposition of PHAs	19-2	(1)
Driving Forces Behind PSM	19-3	(1)
Role of PHA Leader (Facilitator)	19-3	(1)
PHA Team	19-4	(1)
Choice of PHA & Factors in Determining Choice	19-5	(1)
Manage the Time Spent on PHAs	19-11	(1)
Preparation Before PHA Sessions	19-11	(1)
PHA Leadership: Responsibility	19-13	(1)
Analyze Your Performance	19-22	(1)
Steps for Performance PHA	19-23	(1)
Main Goal of the PHA: Recommendations & Remedial Actions	19-27	(1)
Auditing of PHAs	19-30	(1)
CHAPTER 20	20-1
Quantitative Risk Assessment
Assessing and Managing Risk	20-1	(1)
Risk Analysis	20-2	(1)
Calculation of Total Risk	20-7	(1)
Risk Measurement	20-7	(1)
Risk Estimation & Acceptability Criteria	20-8	(1)
Comparative Risk	20-9	(1)
Uncertainty in Risk Estimation	20-10	(1)
Risk Assessment Results and Land Use Planning	20-13	(1)
Risk Acceptability Criteria	20-15	(1)
Comparative Common Risks	20-15	(1)
Risk Control (Risk Mitigation)	20-19	(1)
Relationship between Events (incidents) and Effects (impacts)	20-22	(1)
True Risk versus Potential Risk	20-26	(1)
Fault Tree Analysis	20-28	(1)
Failure Rate Estimation and Reliability Data	20-42	(1)
Introduction to Consequence Analysis	20-45	(1)
Consequence Mechanisms	20-49	(1)
Fire & Explosion Effects	20-51	(1)
Explosion Modeling Methods	20-54	(1)
Consequence Analysis Calculations	20-62	(1)
Specific Release Scenarios	20-79	(1)
Use of Consequence Analysis	20-80
Appendix I	I-1
Deriving Deviations from First Principles
Introduction	I-1
Critique of Current Methods of Structured Hazards Analysis Component Functional Analysis I-2
Component Functionality: a Pivotal Benchmark for establishing
Failure Modes and Deviations	I-3
Use and Advantages of Component Functional Analysis over other methods of Structured Hazards Analysis I-5
Determination of HAZOP Deviations for Parameters and Operations	I-6
Appendix II	II-1
Different Types of HAZOP
A. Parametric Deviation Based HAZOP	II-1
B. "Creative Identification of Deviations & Disturbances"	II-4
Methodology for Performing HAZOPs
C. Procedural HAZOP	II-6
D. Knowledge Based HAZOP	II-14
References	III-1
Regulations and Recommended Practices	III-1
Books and Publications	III-4