Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries, Volume 1 Fish Biology

by Hart, Paul J. B.; Reynolds, John D.

• ISBN13: 9780632054121
• ISBN10: 0632054123
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-09-27
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Recent decades have witnessed strong declines in fish stocks around the globe, amid growing concerns about the impact of fisheries on marine and freshwater biodiversity. Fisheries biologists and managers are therefore increasingly asking about aspects of ecology, behaviour, evolution and biodiversity that were traditionally studied by people working in very separate fields. This has highlighted the need to work more closely together, in order to help ensure future success both in management and conservation. The Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries has been written by an international team of scientists and practitioners, to provide an overview of the biology of freshwater and marine fish species together with the science that supports fisheries management and conservation. This volume, subtitled Fish Biology, reviews a broad variety of topics from evolutionary relationships and global biogeography to physiology, recruitment, life histories, genetics, foraging behaviour, reproductive behaviour and community ecology. The second volume, subtitled Fisheries, uses much of this information in a wide-ranging review of fisheries biology, including methods of capture, marketing, economics, stock assessment, forecasting, ecosystem impacts and conservation. Together, these books present the state of the art in our understanding of fish biology and fisheries and will serve as valuable references for undergraduates and graduates looking for a comprehensive source on a wide variety of topics in fisheries science. They will also be useful to researchers who need up-to-date reviews of topics that impinge on their fields, and decision makers who need to appreciate the scientific background for management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems. To order volume I, go to the box in the top right hand corner. Alternatively to order volume II, go to: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=063206482X or to order the 2 volume set, go to: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=0632064838. Provides a unique overview of the study of fish biology and ecology, and the assessment and management of fish populations and ecosystems. The first volume concentrates on aspects of fish biology and ecology, both at the individual and population levels, whilst the second volume addresses the assessment and management of fish populations and ecosystems. Written by an international team of expert scientists and practitioners. An invaluable reference tool for both students, researchers and practitioners working in the fields of fish biology and fisheries.

Author Biography

Paul J. B. Hart is a Reader in the Department of Biology, University of Leicester, UK. His research focuses on the role of trophic ecology and competition in fish speciation and on the management of commercial marine fisheries. His publications include a co-authored textbook Fisheries Ecology (1982) and he has co-edited The Impact of Species Changes in African Lakes (1995) and Reinventing Fisheries Management (1998). He is co-editor of the review journal, Fish and Fisheries (Blackwell Science) and he is a past President of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

John D. Reynolds is a Professor of Evolutionary Ecology at the University of East Anglia, UK. His research examines the evolution of reproductive behaviour and life histories, with an emphasis on conservation of marine and freshwater fishes. He has co-authored a textbook, Marine Fisheries Ecology (2001), has co-edited Conservation of Exploited Species (2001) and is co-editor of the journal, Animal Conservation. He was awarded the FSBI medal of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles in 2000.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	x
Preface	xii
List of Abbreviations	xiv
Banishing Ignorance: Underpinning Fisheries with Basic Biology	1	(12)
Paul J.B. Hart
John D. Reynolds
Introduction	1	(1)
Global fisheries	1	(2)
The quest for knowledge	3	(1)
Part 1: Biodiversity	4	(1)
Part 2: Production and population structure	5	(2)
Part 3: Fish as predators and prey	7	(1)
Part 4: Fish in ecosystems	8	(1)
Ignorance banished?	9	(1)
Conclusions	10	(3)
Part 1: Biodiversity	13	(56)
Phylogeny and Systematics of Fishes	15	(28)
A.C. Gill
R.D. Mooi
Introduction	15	(1)
Phylogenetic methods and classification	15	(5)
Fish diversity and phylogeny	20	(16)
Conclusions	36	(7)
Historical Biogeography of Fishes	43	(26)
R.D. Mooi
A.C. Gill
Introduction	43	(1)
Concepts and methods	44	(3)
Distribution, faunal composition and historical biogeography by region	47	(15)
Conclusions	62	(7)
Part 2: Production and Population Structure	69	(180)
The Physiology of Living in Water	71	(26)
Ole Brix
Introduction	71	(1)
Buoyancy, or coping with pressure	72	(3)
Swimming	75	(3)
Osmoregulatory problems in fresh and salt water	78	(4)
Respiration and special adaptations for living in low oxygen	82	(8)
Digestion and absorption	90	(1)
Bioluminescence	91	(1)
Conclusions	92	(5)
Environmental Factors and Rates of Development and Growth	97	(26)
Malcolm Jobling
Introduction	97	(1)
Terminology of life-history stages	97	(2)
Development and growth during early life history	99	(3)
Growth models and equations	102	(2)
Age determination, back-calculation and validation techniques	104	(3)
Length--weight relationships and indices of condition and growth	107	(2)
Energy budget and bioenergetics: energy partitioning and storage	109	(4)
Growth at different latitudes: models of growth compensation	113	(2)
Estimating food consumption	115	(2)
Conclusions	117	(6)
Recruitment: Understanding Density-Dependence in Fish Populations	123	(26)
Ransom A. Myers
Introduction	123	(1)
The link between spawner abundance and subsequent recruitment	124	(5)
Generalities through meta-analysis	129	(1)
Carrying capacity	130	(1)
Variability in recruitment	131	(1)
At what life-history stage does density-dependent mortality occur?	131	(2)
Estimating density-dependent mortality from long-term surveys	133	(3)
Pelagic egg, larval and juvenile stages	136	(5)
Future research	141	(3)
Conclusions	144	(5)
Life Histories of Fish	149	(26)
J.A. Hutchings
Introduction	149	(3)
Influence of survival and growth rate on age, size and reproductive effort at maturity	152	(6)
Offspring size and number strategies	158	(4)
Alternative life-history strategies	162	(3)
Effects of fishing on life history	165	(2)
Conclusions	167	(8)
Migration	175	(25)
Julian Metcalfe
Geoff Arnold
Robert McDowall
Introduction	175	(3)
Exploitation and ecology	178	(1)
Fish migrations	179	(10)
Migratory mechanisms	189	(2)
Techniques	191	(1)
Distribution and genetics	192	(2)
Fishery applications	194	(1)
Conclusions	194	(6)
Genetics of Fish Populations	200	(25)
Robert D. Ward
Introduction	200	(1)
Genetic tools	200	(5)
Statistical tools	205	(1)
Specimen and species identification	206	(1)
Fish population genetics	207	(11)
Genetics of sex determination in fish	218	(1)
Conclusions	218	(7)
Behavioural Ecology of Reproduction in Fish	225	(24)
Elisabet Forsgren
John D. Reynolds
Anders Berglund
General introduction	225	(1)
Introduction to breeding systems	225	(3)
Parental care	228	(2)
Sexual selection	230	(6)
Mating patterns	236	(2)
Reproductive behaviour and life histories	238	(1)
Reproductive behaviour and exploitation	239	(2)
Conclusions	241	(8)
Part 3: Fish as Predators and Prey	249	(50)
Fish Foraging and Habitat Choice: A Theoretical Perspective	251	(16)
Gary G. Mittelbach
Introduction	251	(1)
Foraging behaviour and diet choice	252	(2)
Foraging models and fish growth	254	(1)
Feeding rate and group size	255	(1)
Foraging and habitat selection	256	(6)
Conclusions	262	(5)
Feeding Ecology of Piscivorous Fishes	267	(17)
Francis Juanes
Jeffrey A. Buckel
Frederick S. Scharf
Introduction	267	(1)
Adaptations for piscivory	267	(4)
Components of predation	271	(3)
Prey type and size selectivity	274	(1)
Predator-size and prey-size relationships	275	(2)
Population regulation	277	(1)
Methods of studying predation in the field	278	(1)
Implications for conservation and management	279	(1)
Conclusions	279	(5)
Fish as Prey	284	(15)
J. Krause
E.M.A. Hensor
G.D. Ruxton
Introduction	284	(1)
Immobility	285	(2)
Mobility	287	(6)
Conclusions	293	(6)
Part 4: Fish in Ecosystems	299	(91)
Trophic Ecology and the Structure of Marine Food Webs	301	(20)
Nicholas V.C. Polunin
J.K. Pinnegar
Introduction	301	(1)
Food chains and food webs	302	(10)
Interaction strength in food webs	312	(2)
Implications of food webs and trophodynamics for fish and fisheries science	314	(2)
Conclusions	316	(5)
Community Ecology of Freshwater Fishes	321	(20)
Lennart Persson
Introduction	321	(1)
Community patterns and basic ecological performance	322	(3)
Competition and predation as structuring forces	325	(3)
Fish community structure, productivity and habitat structure	328	(3)
Effects of fish on lower trophic components	331	(3)
From individual-level processes to population dynamics	334	(3)
Conclusions	337	(4)
Comparative Ecology of Marine Fish Communities	341	(18)
K. Martha
M. Jones
Dean G. Fitzgerald
Peter F. Sale
Introduction	341	(1)
Biodiversity	342	(4)
Habitat associations	346	(4)
Differences in tropical and temperate production cycles	350	(1)
Variation in recruitment dynamics	351	(1)
Conclusions	352	(7)
Interactions Between Fish, Parasites and Disease	359	(31)
I. Barber
R. Poulin
Introduction	359	(1)
Fish parasite diversity	360	(5)
Evolution of host--parasite relationships	365	(9)
Effects of parasites on fish population ecology	374	(2)
Socioeconomic and human health implications of fish parasites	376	(6)
Controlling parasite infections	382	(1)
Recent applications of fish parasitology	383	(1)
Conclusions	384	(6)
Index	390