Handbook of Food Enzymology

by Whitaker; John R.

• ISBN13: 9780824706869
• ISBN10: 0824706862
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-12-05
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Discussing methods of enzyme purification, characterization, isolation, and identification, this book details the chemistry, behavior, and physicochemical properties of enzymes to control, enhance, or inhibit enzymatic activity for improved taste, texture, shelf-life, nutritional value, and process tolerance of foods and food products. The book covers general aspects of enzymology and the biotechnological strategies for enzyme discovery and development. It describes prototypic enzymes of the six chemical types of reactions catalyzed by enzymes, addressing what the enzymes do, their importance to feed and food production, their chemical and biological properties, and measurement of their activity.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
PART I. GENERAL ASPECTS
INTRODUCTION
Protein Structure and Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions: A Historical Perspective	1	(10)
John R. Whitaker
History of Enzymology with Emphasis on Food Production	11	(10)
Poul Børge Poulsen
Klaus Buchholz
What Enzymes Do and Why They Are Highly Specific and Efficient Catalysts	21	(10)
John R. Whitaker
Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions: Experimental Factors that Affect Rates	31	(18)
John R. Whitaker
Inactivation of Enzymes: From Experimental Design to Kinetic Modeling	49	(10)
Ann Van Loey
Indrawati
Chantal Smout
Marc Hendrickx
REGULATORY ISSUES
Regulatory Issues of Enzymes Used in Foods from the Perspective of the E.U. Market	59	(8)
Danielle P. Praaning
Regulatory Issues of Food Enzymes Used in the United States	67	(10)
John R. Whitaker
EXTREMOPHILIC ENZYMES
Properties of Extremophilic Enzymes and Their Importance in Food Science and Technology	77	(24)
Magnus M. Kristjansson
Bjarni Asgeirsson
THE FOOD CHAIN AND ENZYMES
Nitrogen Fixation and the Enzyme Nitrogenase	101	(16)
William E. Newton
Enzymes in Amylose and Amylopectin Biosynthesis	117	(8)
Bruce P. Wasserman
Ying Yu
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Triacylglycerol Assembly	125	(22)
Allan Keith Stobart
Gareth Griffiths
Phospholipid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Plants	147	(14)
Ralph E. Dewey
Anthony J. Kinney
Applications of Oxidoreductases in Foods	161	(14)
Colja Laane
Yvonne Bruggeman
Chris Winkel
Transgenic Plants for Production of Enzymes	175	(18)
Anne S. Ponstein
Rob F. Beudeker
Jan Pen
Enzymes in Protein Biosynthesis	193	(18)
John R. Whitaker
Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis	211	(10)
Dominic W. S. Wong
ENZYMES AS TOOLS TO MODIFY FOOD COMPONENTS
Protein Modification to Optimize Functionality: Protein Hydrolysates	221	(16)
Ton Kunst
Production and Modification of Acylglycerides	237	(18)
Rob M. M. Diks
ENZYMES IN FOODS POSTHARVEST
Significance of Indigenous Enzymes in Milk and Dairy Products	255	(24)
Patrick F. Fox
Exogenous Enzymes in Dairy Technology	279	(24)
Patrick F. Fox
Flavor Enhancement in Fruit Juices and Derived Beverages by Exogenous Glycosidases and Consequences of the Use of Enzyme Preparations	303	(28)
Ziya Gunata
IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Entrapment of Biocatalysts by Prepolymer Methods	331	(12)
Takuo Kawamoto
Atsuo Tanaka
Genetic Immobilization of Enzymes on Yeast Cell Surface	343	(16)
Mitsuyoshi Ueda
Toshiyuki Murai
Atsuo Tanaka
Use of Immobilized Enzymes in the Food Industry	359	(8)
Harold E. Swaisgood
ENZYME UTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Enzymes and Food Analysis	367	(12)
Philip O'Connell
George G. Guilbault
Recent Advances in Enzyme Development	379	(10)
Dominic W. S. Wong
PART II. SPECIFIC ENZYMES
OXIDOREDUCTASES
Catalase	389	(14)
Dominic W. S. Wong
John R. Whitaker
Horseradish Peroxidase	403	(10)
Zhong Yi Yuan
Tai Jiao Jiang
Glutathione Peroxidase	413	(12)
Jun-qiu Liu
Gui-min Luo
Glucose Oxidase	425	(8)
A. J. Vroemen
Lactate Dehydrogenase	433	(10)
Hayao Taguchi
Alcohol Dehydrogenase	443	(10)
Sabato D'Auria
Alcohol Dehydrogenase	453	(14)
Sandrine Dallet
Marie Trovaslet
Marie Dominique Legoy
Amine Oxidase	467	(10)
Akio Ito
Jichun Ma
Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase	477	(8)
Robert B. Rucker
Ana Samimi
Jerold A. Last
Lysyl Hydroxylase	485	(8)
Ana Samimi
Jerold A. Last
Lucas C. Armstrong
Robert B. Rucker
Lysyl Oxidase	493	(10)
Robert B. Rucker
Alyson E. Mitchell
Eskouhie Tchaparian
Jerold A. Last
Superoxide Dismutase	503	(6)
Hirokazu Hara
Tetsuo Adachi
Kazuyuki Hirano
Polyphenol Oxidase	509	(16)
Edna C. Ramirez
John R. Whitaker
Victoria M. Virador
Laccase	525	(14)
William H. Flurkey
Mammalian Sulfhydryl Oxidase	539	(8)
Harold E. Swaisgood
Violeta G. Janolino
Xanthine Oxidase	547	(10)
John R. Whitaker
Lipoxygenase and Associated Enzymes	557	(12)
Harold W. Gardner
Sorbitol Oxidase	569	(8)
Kohei Oda
Kazumi Hiraga
TRANSFERASES
Starch Phosphorylases	577	(8)
Ying Yu
Amylosucrase	585	(4)
Volker Buttcher
Dextransucrase	589	(16)
Klaus Buchholz
Pierre F. Monsan
Levansucrase	605	(10)
Ki-Bang Song
Sang-Ki Rhee
Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase	615	(14)
Lubbert Dijkhuizen
Bart A. van der Veen
Limonoid Glucosyltransferase	629	(8)
Shin Hasegawa
Masayuki Kita
Mitsuo Omura
Transglutaminase	637	(20)
Chang-Rak Ha
Ichiro Iuchi
HYDROLASES
Feruloyl Esterases	657	(10)
Craig B. Faulds
Gary Williamson
Lipase	667	(14)
Dominic W. S. Wong
Chlorophyllase	681	(6)
Roger F. McFeeters
Phytase	687	(20)
Onno Misset
α-Amylases	707	(12)
Dominic W. S. Wong
George H. Robertson
β-Amylases	719	(8)
Dominic W. S. Wong
George H. Robertson
Glucoamylase	727	(12)
Peter J. Reilly
Limit Dextrinase/Pullulanase	739	(12)
E. Ann MacGregor
Limit Dextrinase	751	(10)
James Hutchison Bryce
Methodologies for Assaying the Hydrolysis of Cellulose by Cellulases	761	(10)
David Johnston
Cellulases in Food Processing	771	(20)
Maija Tenkanen
Marja-Leena Niku-Paavola
Markus Linder
Liisa Viikari
β-Glucosidase	791	(14)
Asim Esen
β-D-Fructofuranoside Fructohydrolase	805	(18)
Laura Cantarella
Francesco Alfani
Maria Cantarella
β-Galactosidase	823	(6)
Raymond R. Mahoney
Pectic Polysaccharides	829	(16)
H. A. Schols
Alphons G. J. Voragen
Pectic Enzymes	845	(4)
Jacques A. E. Benen
Alphons G. J. Voragen
Jaap Visser
Pectic Esterases	849	(8)
Jacques A. E. Benen
Gert-Jan W. M. van Alebeek
Alphons G. J. Voragen
Jaap Visser
Polygalacturonases	857	(10)
Jacques A. E. Benen
Jaap Visser
Enzymes Releasing L-Arabinose and D-Galactose from the Side Chains of Pectin	867	(12)
Ronald P. de Vries
Jaap Visser
Xylanolytic Enzymes	879	(38)
Peter Biely
Enzymes with Activity Toward Xyloglucan	917	(14)
Jean-Paul Vincken
Enzymes Degrading Rhamnogalacturonan and Xylogalacturonan	931	(12)
Jean-Paul Vincken
Alphons G. J. Voragen
Gerrit Beldman
Enzymic Hydrolysis of Cereal (1→3, 1→4)-β-Glucans	943	(18)
Maria Hrmova
Geoffrey Fincher
Enzymology of Endo-1,4-β-Mannanases	961	(10)
Henrik Stalbrand
Lysozyme	971	(8)
Akio Kato
Ribonucleases	979	(14)
Jaap J. Beintema
Wei Zhao
Proteolytic Enzymes	993	(26)
John R. Whitaker
Thermolysin	1019	(10)
Kuniyo Inouye
LYASES
Pectate and Pectin Lyases	1029	(14)
Jacques A. E. Benen
Jaap Visser
Alliinases	1043	(8)
Edna C. Ramirez
Cystine Lyases in Plants	1051	(6)
Edna C. Ramirez
ISOMERASES
Xylose (Glucose) Isomerase	1057	(22)
Onno Misset
Index	1079