Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal Models, Volume III

by Hau; Jann

• ISBN13: 9780849318931
• ISBN10: 0849318939
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-29
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Building upon the success of the Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science and completing Volumes I and II of the Second Edition, Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal Models, Volume III provides the final component to present a comprehensive overview of animal models in biomedical research.As with Volume II, this new volume addresses the development and application of models in different areas of biomedical research and details the criteria used to choose animal species and strains. The individual chapters focus on the use of laboratory animals as models for humans in a range of research disciplines, such as for the study of diseases of the different organ systems, for infectious diseases, and for human behavior. Each chapter can be read as a stand-alone text, although the entire handbook is an integrated work that provides an in-depth and extensive introduction to laboratory animal science.With contributions from eminent scientists who share their knowledge and hands-on expertise from their own research, Volume III explains the many factors in choosing animal models and also probes the question of extrapolation of data to humans. It is a critical resource for veterinary and biomedical researchers, laboratory managers and administrators, and other laboratory animal professionals.

Table of Contents

Animal Models in Vaccinology	1	(14)
Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen
Introduction	1	(2)
Vaccine Development Technologies	3	(2)
First-Generation Vaccines	4	(1)
Second-Generation Vaccines	4	(1)
Third-Generation Vaccines	4	(1)
Adjuvants	5	(1)
The Historical Role of Animal Models in Vaccinology	5	(2)
Characteristics of the Use of Laboratory Animals in Vaccinology	7	(1)
Animal Models in Vaccinology	8	(5)
Animal Models in Vaccine Development	8	(2)
Animal Models in Vaccine Production	10	(1)
Animal Models in Vaccine Quality Control	11	(2)
Conclusion	13	(1)
References	13	(2)
Animal Models for Human Behavior	15	(16)
Steven J. Schapiro
Introduction	15	(1)
Development of Behavior	16	(2)
Social Behavior	18	(3)
Communication	18	(1)
Culture	18	(1)
Affiliative Behavior	19	(1)
Sexual Behavior	19	(1)
Play Behavior	19	(1)
Caregiving Behavior	20	(1)
Aggressive Behavior	20	(1)
Cognitive Behavior	21	(2)
Nonsocial Behavior	23	(1)
Abnormal Behavior	23	(1)
Lateralized Behavior	23	(1)
Conclusion	24	(1)
Acknowledgments	24	(1)
References	24	(7)
Animal Models in Biodefense Research	31	(30)
Mark A. Suckow
Alexander Vasilenko
Nikolai Tokarevich
Introduction	31	(1)
Agents with Potential Application as Bioweapons	32	(1)
Animal Models Commonly Used in Biodefense Research	33	(11)
Anthrax	33	(1)
Botulism	33	(1)
Plague	34	(1)
Smallpox	34	(1)
Tularemia	35	(1)
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers	35	(1)
Brucellosis	36	(1)
Enterotoxemia Due to Epsilon Toxin from Clostridium perfringens	36	(1)
Typhoid Fever and Enteritis Associated with Salmonella enterica	37	(1)
Shigellosis	38	(1)
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Syndromes	38	(1)
Cholera	39	(1)
Glanders	40	(1)
Meliodosis	40	(1)
Psittacosis	40	(1)
Q Fever	41	(1)
Ricin Toxicosis	42	(1)
Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis	42	(1)
Typhus Fever	43	(1)
Hantavirus Infections	43	(1)
Nipah Virus Infection	44	(1)
Summary	44	(1)
References	45	(16)
Animal Models in AIDS Research	61	(18)
K. Jagannadha Sastry
Pramod N. Nehete
Introduction	61	(1)
Desirable Features of an Ideal Animal Model for HIV-AIDS	62	(1)
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) Infection in Horses as a Model	63	(1)
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV) Infection in Cattle as a Model	63	(1)
Caprine Arthritis--Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) and Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) Infections in Sheep as Models	64	(1)
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Infection in Cats as a Model	64	(1)
HIV Infection in Small Animal Models	65	(1)
Transgenic Mice and Rats	65	(1)
SCID Mice	66	(1)
HIV, SIV and SHIV Infections in Nonhuman Primate Models	66	(7)
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)	66	(1)
Baboons (Papio cynocephalus)	67	(1)
Monkeys	67	(1)
Comparisons between the Primate Immunodeficiency Viruses and HIV in Terms of Infections in Respective Host Species	68	(1)
Nonhuman Primate Models for Studies Related to HIV-Associated Pathology	69	(1)
Nonhuman Primate Models for HIV Vaccine Development	70	(3)
Conclusions	73	(1)
Acknowledgments	73	(1)
References	73	(6)
Animal Models of Viral Diseases (Other than AIDS)	79	(34)
Andreas Cerny
Isabelle P. Hunziker
Andreas R. Kammer
Irmgard Pult
Olivier B. Engler
Introduction	80	(1)
Viral Infections of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System	81	(3)
Herpesviridae, Herpesviruses	81	(1)
Paramyxoviridae	81	(1)
Picornaviridae, Enteroviruses	82	(1)
Arenaviridae, Arenaviruses	82	(1)
Rhabdoviridae, Lyssaviruses	82	(1)
Bunyaviridae, Bunyaviruses	83	(1)
Flaviviridae, Flaviviruses	83	(1)
Togaviridae, Alphaviruses	83	(1)
Viral Infections of the Liver	84	(5)
Hepatitis B and D Animal Models	84	(3)
Hepatitis C and GBV-B Animal Models	87	(1)
Hepatitis A and E Animal Models	88	(1)
Viral Myocarditis	89	(1)
Picornaviridae, Enteroviruses	89	(1)
Reoviridae, Reoviruses	89	(1)
Animal Models for Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections	90	(3)
Bunyaviridae Family	90	(1)
Rift Valley Fever Virus	90	(1)
Bunyamwera Virus	90	(1)
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus	90	(1)
Hantavirus	90	(1)
Sandfly Fever Virus	91	(1)
Arenaviridae	91	(1)
Guanarito Virus and Machupovirus	91	(1)
Lassa Fever Virus	91	(1)
Junin Virus	92	(1)
Flaviviridae	92	(1)
Yellow Fever and Dengue Fever Viruses	92	(1)
Marburg Virus	92	(1)
Ebola Virus	92	(1)
Animal Models for Respiratory Viral Infections	93	(3)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)	93	(1)
Influenza Virus	93	(1)
Parainfluenza Virus (PIV)	94	(1)
Adenoviruses	94	(1)
Coronaviruses	94	(1)
Rhinoviruses	94	(1)
Coxsackievirus and Echovirus	95	(1)
Measles Virus	95	(1)
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)	95	(1)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)	95	(1)
Epstein--Barr Virus (EBV)	96	(1)
Mucocutaneous Viral Infections	96	(1)
Papillomaviruses	96	(1)
Herpes Simplex Virus	96	(1)
Rotavirus	97	(1)
Oncogenic Viral Infections	97	(1)
Papillomaviruses	97	(1)
Hepatitis B Virus	97	(1)
Hepatitis C Virus	98	(1)
Epstein--Barr Virus	98	(1)
Lymphotropic Viral Infections (Excluding AIDS)	98	(1)
Lymphotropic Herpesviruses	98	(1)
Lymphotropic Retroviruses	98	(1)
References	99	(14)
Transgenetic Models of Prion Diseases	113	(16)
Karah Nazor
Glenn C. Telling
Introduction	113	(1)
Prions and the Prion Diseases	114	(1)
Microinjection Transgenic Approaches	115	(6)
Structure-Function Studies of PrP	116	(1)
Transgenic Models of Inherited Prion Diseases	117	(1)
Transgenic Studies of Prion Species Barriers	118	(1)
Transgenic Studies of Prion Strains	119	(2)
Transgenic Studies of Prion Pathogenesis	121	(1)
Ectopic Expression Studies	121	(2)
Knockout Mouse Models	122	(1)
Gene Targeting Approaches	123	(1)
References	124	(5)
Animal Models for the Study of Allergy	129	(22)
Ricki M. Helm
Introduction	129	(1)
Atopic Dermatitis	130	(2)
Ocular Allergy	132	(1)
Respiratory Allergy	133	(3)
Gastrointestinal Allergy	136	(4)
Infant/Hypoallergenic Formulas	138	(1)
Risk Assessment	139	(1)
Immunomodulatory/Therapeutic Models	140	(2)
Conclusion	142	(1)
Acknowledgment	143	(1)
References	143	(8)
Animal Models for the Study of Helicobacter Infection	151	(18)
Akira Nishizono
Toshio Fujioka
Introduction	151	(2)
Helicobacter Species and Diseases	151	(2)
Purposes and Choice of the Animal Model	153	(1)
Animal Models of H. pylori Infection	153	(9)
Nonhuman Primate Models	153	(3)
Nonprimate Models	156	(1)
Mouse Model	156	(2)
Mongolian Gerbil Model	158	(4)
Gnotobiotic Piglet Model	162	(1)
Other Animal Models	162	(1)
Differences Between H. pylori-Infected Animal Models and Human Disease	162	(1)
Future Perspectives	163	(1)
References	163	(6)
Animal Models for Tropical Parasitic Diseases	169	(56)
Idle O. Farah
Maina Ngotho
Thomas Kariuki
Maamun Jeneby
Lawrence Irura
Naomi Maina
John Kagira
Michael Gicheru
Jann Hau
Filariasis	170	(4)
Introduction	170	(1)
Etiology and Transmission	170	(1)
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestation	171	(1)
Animal Models	172	(1)
Mice	172	(1)
Leaf Monkeys	172	(1)
Rhesus Monkeys	172	(1)
Mandrills	172	(1)
Other Animal Models	173	(1)
Immunology	173	(1)
Leishmaniasis	174	(4)
Etiology and Transmission	174	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	175	(1)
Animal Models	176	(1)
Murine Models and Immunology of Leishmanisis	176	(1)
Hamster and Dog Models	177	(1)
Nonhuman Primate Models	177	(1)
Malaria	178	(7)
Animal Models	179	(1)
Rodent Models	180	(3)
Nonhuman Primate Models	183	(2)
Onchocerciasis	185	(5)
Etiology, Transmission, and Life Cycle	185	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	186	(1)
Lymph Node Enlargement	186	(1)
Nodule Formation	186	(1)
Blindness	187	(1)
Sowda	187	(1)
Animal Models	187	(1)
Guinea Pigs	187	(1)
Rabbits	187	(1)
Mice	188	(1)
Other Animal Models	188	(1)
Comparison of the Different Experimental Animal Models	189	(1)
Immune Responses	189	(1)
Schistosomiasis	190	(10)
Introduction	190	(1)
Life Cycle and Parasite Biology	191	(1)
Animal Models	192	(1)
Mice	192	(1)
Rats	192	(1)
Nile Rats	193	(1)
Hamsters	193	(1)
Gerbils	194	(1)
Guinea Pigs	194	(1)
Rabbits	195	(1)
Dogs	196	(1)
Pigs	196	(1)
Nonhuman Primates	196	(4)
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)	200	(6)
Etiology and Transmission	200	(1)
Nonhuman Primates	201	(1)
Mice	202	(2)
Rats	204	(1)
Dogs	204	(1)
Chickens	204	(1)
Animal Models for T. b. gambiense	205	(1)
References	206	(19)
Animal Models for Muscular Disorders	225	(16)
Dominic J. Wells
Introduction	225	(1)
Muscular Dystrophy	226	(3)
Myotonic Dystrophy	229	(1)
Ion Channel Myopathies	230	(1)
Myotonia	230	(1)
Hyperkalaemic Periodic Paralysis	231	(1)
Malignant Hyperthermia	231	(1)
Mitochondrial Myopathies	231	(1)
Metabolic Myopathies	232	(1)
Inflammatory Myopathies	233	(1)
Toxic Myopathies	233	(1)
Summary	233	(1)
References	234	(7)
Animal Models for Otolaryngological Disorders	241	(22)
Douglas A. Ross
Jagdeep S. Hundal
Clarence T. Sasaki
Linda Bartoshuk
Joseph Santos-Sacchi
Ilsa R. Schwartz
Part I: The Nose and Sinuses	242	(3)
Douglas A. Ross
Jagdeep S. Hundal
References	245	(2)
Part II: The Larynx	247	(1)
Clarence T. Sasaki
Jagdeep S. Hundal
Protective Function	247	(1)
Respiratory Function	248	(1)
Phonation	248	(1)
References	249	(1)
Part III: Taste	250	(1)
Linda Bartoshuk
Anatomy	251	(1)
Coding of Taste Quality	252	(1)
Taste Disorders	252	(1)
Oral Sensory Phantoms	253	(1)
References	253	(2)
Part IV: Animal Research in Peripheral Auditory Physiology	255	(1)
Joseph Santos-Sacchi
Background	255	(1)
Why Do We Study Animal Models?	255	(1)
Basilar Membrane Tuning	256	(1)
The Cochlea Is Electric	256	(1)
Animal Models of Clinical Importance	257	(1)
From Molecules to Ear	257	(1)
References	258	(1)
Part V: Animal Models of Hearing Loss --- The Central Auditory System	259	(2)
Ilsa R. Schwartz
References	261	(2)
Animal Models of Lung Physiology during Anesthesia	263	(26)
Goran Hedenstierna
Gorel Nyman
Claes Frostell
Introduction and Ethical Considerations	264	(1)
Respiratory Physiology in Humans --- A Brief Overview	264	(3)
Morphological Characteristics of the Lungs and the Chest Wall in Different Animals	267	(2)
Thorax	267	(1)
Diaphragm	267	(1)
Lung Lobulation	268	(1)
Collateral Ventilation	268	(1)
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction	269	(1)
Atelectasis	269	(4)
Acute Lung Injury	271	(1)
Individual Lung Ventilation	272	(1)
The Mechanics of the Respiratory System	273	(3)
Physiology and Pathophysiology	273	(1)
Recording of Mechanics	274	(2)
Ventilation Distribution	276	(1)
Perfusion Distribution	276	(2)
Physiology and Pathophysiology	276	(1)
Recording of Blood Flow	277	(1)
Pulmonary Gas Exchange	278	(2)
Physiology and Pathophysiology	278	(1)
Dog	278	(1)
Pig	278	(1)
Sheep	278	(1)
Rabbit	278	(1)
Duck	279	(1)
Horse	279	(1)
Giraffe	279	(1)
Recording of Gas Exchange	280	(4)
Single-Compartment Analysis	280	(1)
Three-Compartment Analysis	281	(1)
Multicompartment Analysis	281	(1)
Scintigraphic Techniques	282	(2)
References	284	(5)
Animal Models for the Study of Pulmonary Edema	289	(12)
Goran Hedenstierna
Claes Frostell
Introduction	289	(1)
Theoretical Aspects of Pulmonary Edema	290	(2)
Basic Principles of Edema Formation	290	(1)
Effects of Airway Pressure or High Capillary Pressure	290	(2)
Clearance of Pulmonary Edema	292	(1)
Gas Exchange in Pulmonary Edema	292	(1)
Measurement of Pulmonary Edema	293	(5)
Gravimetry	293	(1)
Indicator Dilution Techniques	294	(1)
Radiological Techniques	295	(1)
Conventional X-Ray	295	(1)
Computed Tomography	295	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Technique	296	(1)
Isotope Techniques	297	(1)
Impedance Measurements	297	(1)
Summary	298	(1)
References	298	(3)
Index	301