Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

by Leader, Leo R.; Bennett, Michael J.; Wong, Felix

• ISBN13: 9780412585302
• ISBN10: 0412585308
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-12-21
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Table of Contents

Contributors	xii	(2)
Preface	xiv
1 History-taking and physical examination	1	(31)
1.1 General instructional objective	1	(11)
1.2 Specific behavioural objectives	1	(11)
1.3 Reasons for learning to take a relevant history and performing a specific obstetric and gynaecological examination	1	(2)
1.4 Obstetric history	3	(2)
1.5 History of the present pregnancy	5	(1)
1.6 Obstetric examination	5	(13)
1.7 Vaginal examination in gynaecology	18	(13)
1.8 Summary	31	(1)
2 Adverse factors affecting embryo or fetus	32	(19)
2.1 General instructional objective	32	(1)
2.2 Specific behavioural objectives	32	(1)
2.3 Reasons for learning to appreciate the pre-conceptual, antenatal and intrapartum factors that may adversely affect an embryo or fetus in utero	33	(1)
2.4 Genetic and social factors	34	(4)
2.5 Retarded intrauterine growth of the fetus	38	(4)
2.6 Small-for-gestational-age babies	42	(1)
2.7 Management of growth retardation	43	(1)
2.8 Delivery	44	(1)
2.9 Induction of labour	45	(4)
2.10 Anaesthesia	49	(1)
2.11 Vaginal delivery	50	(1)
3 Drug treatment in pregnancy	51	(12)
3.1 General instructional objective	51	(1)
3.2 Specific behavioural objectives	51	(1)
3.3 Reasons for learning about drug treatment in pregnancy	51	(1)
3.4 Teratogenic risk	52	(1)
3.5 Drug use in pregnancy	52	(6)
3.6 Drug use in obstetrics	58	(2)
3.7 Drug use in lactation	60	(2)
3.8 Summary	62	(1)
4 Normal pregnancy	63	(24)
4.1 General instructional objective	63	(1)
4.2 Specific behavioural objectives	63	(1)
4.3 Reasons for understanding the normal pregnancy	64	(1)
4.4 Physiological changes in the mother	65	(4)
4.5 Fertilization	69	(2)
4.6 Symptoms and signs detected during pregnancy	71	(5)
4.7 The first antenatal visit	76	(2)
4.8 Subsequent visits	78	(1)
4.9 General advice	79	(1)
4.10 Estimation of the date of confinement	79	(1)
4.11 Investigations performed during pregnancy	80	(2)
4.12 Placental function	82	(5)
5 Deviations from normal pregnancy	87	(55)
5.1 General instructional objective	87	(1)
5.2 Specific behavioural objectives	87	(1)
5.3 Reasons for studying deviations from normal pregnancy	88	(1)
5.4 Bleeding in late pregnancy	89	(6)
5.5 Renal diseases associated with pregnancy	95	(5)
5.6 Anaemia in pregnancy	100	(3)
5.7 Heart disease in pregnancy	103	(3)
5.8 Pre-term labour	106	(2)
5.9 Counselling in relation to an abnormal pregnancy	108	(1)
5.10 Convulsions in pregnancy and the puerperium	109	(2)
5.11 Chronic illness	111	(1)
5.12 Rhesus iso-immunization and haemolytic disease	112	(4)
5.13 Glycosuria and diabetes mellitus	116	(4)
5.14 Amniocentesis in pregnancy	120	(3)
5.15 Radiology in pregnancy	123	(1)
5.16 Ultrasound in pregnancy	124	(1)
5.17 Radioisotopes in pregnancy	125	(1)
5.18 Investigation of suspected fetal growth retardation	126	(2)
5.19 Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia	128	(7)
5.20 Intrauterine fetal death	135	(1)
5.21 Coagulation defects in obstetrics	136	(1)
5.22 Breech presentation	137	(5)
6 Normal labour and delivery	142	(38)
6.1 General instructional objective	142	(1)
6.2 Specific behavioural objectives	142	(1)
6.3 Reasons for understanding normal labour and delivery, and resuscitation of the newborn	143	(1)
6.4 Anatomy of the female pelvis	143	(6)
6.5 The fetus	149	(5)
6.6 Physiological process in labour (the powers)	154	(2)
6.7 Mechanisms of labour	156	(5)
6.8 Normal labour	161	(14)
6.9 Breech delivery	175	(5)
7 The newborn infant	180	(25)
7.1 General instructional objective	180	(1)
7.2 Specific behavioural objectives	180	(1)
7.3 Examination of the newborn	180	(6)
7.4 Definitions	186	(1)
7.5 Pre-term babies	187	(2)
7.6 Small-for-dates infants	189	(1)
7.7 Large-for-dates infants	190	(1)
7.8 Infant of the diabetic mother	190	(1)
7.9 Hypoglycaemia in the newborn	191	(2)
7.10 Jaundice in the newborn	193	(4)
7.11 Infections in the newborn	197	(1)
7.12 Respiratory problems of the newborn	198	(5)
7.13 Neonatal convulsions	203	(2)
8 Abnormal labour	205	(31)
8.1 General instructional objective	205	(1)
8.2 Specific behavioural objectives	205	(1)
8.3 Reasons for studying abnormal labour	206	(1)
8.4 Delay in labour	206	(4)
8.5 Types of abnormal uterine activity	210	(4)
8.6 Prolonged labour	214	(2)
8.7 Fetal distress	216	(5)
8.8 Transverse and oblique lie	221	(2)
8.9 Cord prolapse	223	(2)
8.10 Shoulder dystocia	225	(2)
8.11 Twin pregnancy and unsuspected second twin	227	(1)
8.12 Indications for Caesarean section	227	(1)
8.13 Vaginal birth after Caesarean section (VBAC)	228	(1)
8.14 Application of obstetric forceps	229	(1)
8.15 Postpartum haemorrhage	230	(2)
8.16 Intrapartum haemorrhage	232	(1)
8.17 Shock in labour	232	(1)
8.18 Pre-term labour	233	(3)
9 Analgesia and anaesthetics in obstetrics	236	(18)
9.1 General instructional objective	236	(1)
9.2 Specific behavioural objectives	236	(1)
9.3 The pain of parturition	237	(2)
9.4 Pain relief in labour	239	(11)
9.5 General anaesthesia for obstetrics	250	(2)
9.6 Cardiac arrest	252	(2)
10 The puerperium	254	(32)
10.1 General instructional objective	254	(1)
10.2 Specific behavioural objectives	254	(1)
10.3 Reasons for learning about the puerperium	254	(1)
10.4 Normal anatomical and physiological changes during the puerperium	255	(5)
10.5 Management of the puerperium	260	(8)
10.6 Lactation	268	(11)
10.7 Thrombosis and embolism	279	(4)
10.8 Secondary postpartum haemorrhage	283	(1)
10.9 Discharge	283	(1)
10.10 Postnatal care	284	(2)
11 Abortion, ectopic pregnancy and trophoblastic diseases	286	(19)
11.1 General instructional objective	286	(1)
11.2 Specific behavioural objectives	286	(1)
11.3 Reasons for learning about abortions	287	(1)
11.4 Abortion (miscarriage)	287	(12)
11.5 Ectopic pregnancy	299	(4)
11.6 Hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma	303	(2)
12 Contraception and infertility	305	(31)
12.1 General instructional objective	305	(1)
12.2 Specific behavioural objectives	305	(1)
12.3 Reasons for learning about contraception and infertility	306	(1)
12.4 Normal menstruation	306	(3)
12.5 Safety of oral contraception	309	(1)
12.6 Mode of action of oral contraceptives	309	(2)
12.7 Side effects of oral contraceptives	311	(4)
12.8 Other forms of contraception	315	(4)
12.9 Infertility and subfertility	319	(17)
13 Genital tract infections and discharge	336	(25)
13.1 General instructional objective	336	(1)
13.2 Specific behavioural objectives	336	(1)
13.3 Reasons for learning about genital tract infection	336	(1)
13.4 Achievement of specific behaviours	337	(1)
13.5 Vaginal discharge	337	(12)
13.6 Herpes genitalis	349	(1)
13.7 Human immunodeficiency virus infection	350	(1)
13.8 Pelvic infections	351	(10)
14 Gynaecological endocrinology	361	(22)
14.1 General instructional objective	361	(1)
14.2 Specific behavioural objectives	361	(1)
14.3 Reasons for learning about gynaecological endocrinology	361	(1)
14.4 The hormonal control of the normal menstrual cycle	362	(5)
14.5 Abnormal uterine bleeding	367	(5)
14.6 Dysmenorrhoea	372	(2)
14.7 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)	374	(2)
14.8 Amenorrhoea and anovulation	376	(3)
14.9 Hyperprolactinaemia	379	(1)
14.10 Androgen excess - polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO)	380	(3)
15 The menopause	383	(8)
15.1 General instructional objective	383	(1)
15.2 Specific behavioural objectives	383	(1)
15.3 Reasons for learning about the menopause	383	(1)
15.4 Physiological activity of sex steroids	384	(3)
15.5 Pharmacological agents available for treatment	387	(1)
15.6 Optimum treatment	388	(3)
16 Prolapse and urinary incontinence	391	(21)
16.1 General instructional objective	391	(1)
16.2 Specific behavioural objective	391	(1)
16.3 Reasons for learning about prolapse and urinary incontinence	392	(1)
16.4 Introduction	392	(1)
16.5 Uterovaginal prolapse	392	(2)
16.6 Anatomical considerations	394	(2)
16.7 Causes of uterovaginal prolapse	396	(2)
16.8 Symptoms and signs of prolapse	398	(2)
16.9 Management of prolapse	400	(2)
16.10 Urinary incontinence	402	(2)
16.11 Symptoms and signs of urinary incontinence	404	(1)
16.12 Urogynaecological assessment	405	(4)
16.13 Management of urinary incontinence	409	(3)
17 Benign and malignant tumours	412	(39)
17.1 General instructional objective	412	(1)
17.2 Specific behavioural objectives	412	(1)
17.3 Reasons for learning about benign and malignant tumours of the female genital tract	413	(1)
17.4 Types of tumours of the genital tract	414	(1)
17.5 Physiological ovarian cysts	414	(2)
17.6 Benign ovarian tumours	416	(1)
17.7 Ovarian malignancy	417	(4)
17.8 Uterine tumours	421	(3)
17.9 Adenomyosis	424	(1)
17.10 Endometriosis	425	(3)
17.11 Carcinoma of the endometrium	428	(4)
17.12 Tumours of the cervix	432	(1)
17.13 Carcinoma of the cervix	433	(11)
17.14 Vagina	444	(2)
17.15 Vulva	446	(5)
18 Human sexuality	451	(16)
18.1 General instructional objective	451	(1)
18.2 Specific behavioural objectives	451	(1)
18.3 Reasons for learning about human sexuality	452	(1)
18.4 Human sexuality	452	(1)
18.5 The sexual response cycle	453	(2)
18.6 Factors affecting human sexuality	455	(2)
18.7 Sexual counselling	457	(2)
18.8 Human sexual problems	459	(5)
18.9 Sexuality in pregnancy	464	(3)
Index	467