Handbook of Pediatric Nutrition

by Samour, Patricia Queen

• ISBN13: 9780834211995
• ISBN10: 0834211998
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Pub

Summary

Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA. Comprehensive reference for nutritionists and dieticians. Includes implications for pediatricians and pediatric nurses. Previous edition: c1993. DNLM: Child Nutrition.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi
Preface	xv
PART I---NORMAL PEDIATRIC NUTRITION AND GROWTH	1	(240)
Physical Growth and Development	3	(14)
William Cameron Chumlea
Shumei S. Guo
What is Growth?	3	(1)
How is Growth Measured?	3	(1)
General Periods and Patterns of Growth	3	(4)
Growth of Body Tissues	7	(1)
Growth of Lean Body Mass	8	(1)
Growth of Total Body Fat	9	(1)
Skeletal Growth	9	(3)
How to Assess Growth Status	12	(1)
Growth Velocity	13	(1)
Special Children	14	(1)
Conclusions	14	(3)
Nutritional Assessment	17	(26)
Susan Bessler
Screening	17	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	18	(17)
Data Evaluation and Plan	35	(3)
Conclusions	38	(5)
Nutrition for Premature Infants	43	(22)
Diane M. Anderson
Parenteral Nutrition	46	(3)
Enteral Nutrition	49	(8)
Nutritional Assessment	57	(3)
Discharge Concerns	60	(1)
Conclusions	60	(5)
Normal Nutrition During Infancy	65	(34)
Susan M. Akers
Sharon L. Groh-Wargo
Breastfeeding	65	(5)
Bottle Feeding	70	(12)
Supplementation of Vitamins and Minerals for All Infants	82	(2)
Weaning and Feeding Progression	84	(2)
Dental Caries in Infancy	86	(3)
Whole Cow's Milk	89	(1)
Juice Consumption During Infancy	89	(1)
Feeding Problems	90	(4)
Conclusions	94	(5)
Normal Nutrition from Infancy through Adolescence	99	(22)
Betty Lucas
Progress in Growth and Development	99	(3)
Food Intake Patterns and Guidelines	102	(7)
Nutrition Issues	109	(1)
Diet and Dental Health	109	(4)
Effect of Diet on Learning and Behavior	113	(1)
Adolescent Pregnancy	114	(1)
Substance Abuse	115	(1)
Health Promotion	116	(1)
Nutrition Education	117	(4)
Nutrition Counseling	121	(12)
Bridget M. Klawitter
Counseling Children versus Adults---What is the Difference?	121	(1)
How Children Learn	121	(1)
Developmental Stages	122	(3)
Creating a Learning Environment	125	(1)
The Counseling Experience	126	(2)
Providing Developmentally Appropriate Experiences	128	(1)
Role of the Parent	129	(1)
Counseling the Child with Special Needs	130	(1)
Summary	131	(2)
Vegetarianism in Children	133	(16)
Carol M. Coughlin
Reasons for Choosing a Vegetarian Diet	133	(1)
Counseling the Vegetarian Client	133	(9)
Alternative Medical Beliefs and the Vegetarian Diet	142	(1)
Vegetarian Diets Throughout Childhood	143	(3)
Summary	146	(3)
Food Hypersensitivities	149	(24)
Lynn Christie
Pathophysiology	151	(3)
Clinical Manifestations	154	(1)
Non--IgE-Mediated Food Hypersensitivity	155	(1)
Diagnosing Food Hypersensitivity	155	(7)
Therapy	162	(3)
Cross-Contamination	165	(1)
Milk Hypersensitivity	165	(1)
Egg Hypersensitivity	165	(1)
Soybean Hypersensitivity	166	(1)
Wheat Hypersensitivity	166	(1)
Fish Hypersensitivity	166	(1)
Peanut Hypersensitivity	166	(1)
Other Principles of Management and Treatment	167	(1)
Accidental Ingestion	167	(1)
Natural History and Prevention	168	(5)
Childhood Obesity	173	(18)
Karen A. Weaver
Anne Piatek
Risks Associated with Childhood Obesity	173	(1)
Definition and Measurement	173	(1)
Etiology	174	(1)
Longitudinal Perspective on Child and Adolescent Obesity	174	(3)
Assessment and Diagnosis	177	(3)
Treatment	180	(3)
Conclusion	183	(8)
Eating Disorders	191	(14)
Andrea Bull McDonough
Definitions	191	(1)
Etiology	192	(1)
Incidence and Prevalence	192	(2)
Medical, Psychologic, and Behavioral Changes	194	(1)
Prognosis	195	(1)
Treatment	195	(5)
Case Study: Anorexia Nervosa	200	(1)
Case Study: Bulimia Nervosa	201	(4)
Sports Nutrition for Children and Adolescents	205	(20)
Nancy L. Nevin-Folino
Physical Activity	205	(1)
Physiologic Effects to Exercise	205	(5)
Nutritional Concerns	210	(1)
Exercise Recommendations in Specific Groups	211	(8)
Recognition and Treatment of Nutrition Disorders Related to Sports	219	(1)
Ergogenic Aids and Drugs	219	(3)
Exercise Program Recommendations	222	(3)
Community Nutrition	225	(16)
Luz Gomez Pardini
Community Nutrition Services and Programs for Children	225	(1)
Federal Food and Nutrition Education Resources	225	(4)
Other Food Resources in the Community	229	(1)
Nutrition Components and Services in Federal Programs	229	(2)
State and Local Nutrition Services	231	(1)
Other Nutrition Education Resources	232	(1)
The Role of Community Nutritionists in Public Health Programs	232	(1)
Providing Community Nutrition Services in a Changing Environment	233	(8)
PART II---THERAPEUTIC PEDIATRIC NUTRITION	241	(360)
Nutrition Support of Inborn Errors of Metabolism	243	(50)
Phyllis B. Acosta
Principles and Practical Considerations in Nutrition Support	243	(3)
Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism	246	(25)
Inborn Errors of Nitrogen Metabolism	271	(13)
Inborn Errors of Carbohydrate Metabolism	284	(1)
Inborn Errors of Lipoprotein Metabolism	285	(1)
Inborn Errors of Mineral Metabolism	285	(1)
Areas Requiring Further Research	285	(1)
Functions of the Dietitian in Nutrition Support of Patients With an Inborn Error of Metabolism	286	(7)
Developmental Disabilities	293	(22)
Harriet H. Cloud
Definition of Developmental Disabilities	293	(1)
Nutritional Needs of the Child with Developmental Disabilities	293	(5)
Nutritional Assessment	298	(6)
Management of Nutrition Concerns	304	(4)
Management of Nutritional Problems	308	(4)
Other Nutritional Considerations	312	(1)
Conclusion	312	(3)
Pulmonary Diseases	315	(40)
Nancy H. Wooldridge
Cystic Fibrosis	315	(17)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	332	(11)
Asthma	343	(12)
Gastrointestinal Disorders	355	(30)
Jacqueline Jones Wessel
Diagnostic Tests	355	(1)
Acute Diarrhea	355	(1)
Chronic Diarrhea of Infancy	355	(10)
Celiac Disease	365	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	366	(3)
Lactose Intolerance	369	(1)
Constipation	370	(1)
Pancreatic Insufficiency and Cholestatic Liver Disease	370	(3)
Short Bowel Syndrome	373	(4)
Liver Transplantation	377	(8)
Chronic Renal Disease	385	(10)
Nancy S. Spinozzi
Conservative Management	387	(3)
Dialysis	390	(1)
Transplantation	391	(2)
Conclusion	393	(2)
Failure to Thrive	395	(18)
Kattia Corrales
Sherri Utter
Introduction	395	(1)
Diagnostic Criteria and Evaluation of Growth	395	(3)
Classification of Severity of Undernutrition	398	(1)
Medical Evaluation	399	(1)
Psychosocial Evaluation	399	(3)
Parent--Child Interactions	402	(1)
Nutrition Evaluation	403	(1)
Assessment of the Diet	404	(3)
Prognosis	407	(6)
Cardiology	413	(12)
Jacqueline Jones Wessell
Congenital Heart Disease	413	(1)
Acute Care	414	(2)
Extracorporeal Life Support	416	(1)
Parenteral Nutrition Support	417	(1)
Enteral Nutrition Support	417	(2)
Chronic Care	419	(1)
Nutrition Management of Pediatric Hyperlipidemia	420	(5)
Diabetes	425	(28)
Karen Hanson Chalmers
Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Child with Diabetes	425	(1)
The Diabetes Team	425	(2)
Nutrition Principles for the Management of Diabetes and Related Complications	427	(6)
Designing the Meal Plan	433	(6)
Age-Specific Developmental Considerations	439	(6)
Pregnancy	445	(1)
Monitoring Tools	446	(3)
Organizations and Publications	449	(1)
Conclusion	450	(3)
Pediatric Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	453	(12)
Linda Gallagher Olsen
Roseann Cutroni
Lauren Furuta
Definitions for AIDS Surveillance of Children	453	(2)
Diagnosis	455	(1)
Epidemiology	455	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	455	(1)
Medications	456	(2)
Nutritional Implications	458	(1)
Growth and Body Composition	458	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	459	(1)
Caloric Requirements	460	(1)
Nutritional Intervention	460	(2)
Conclusion	462	(3)
Oncology and Marrow Transplantation	465	(28)
Karen V. Barale
Paula M. Charuhas
Nutritional Effects of Cancer	465	(4)
Nutritional Effects of Cancer Therapy	469	(8)
Nutritional Assessment	477	(3)
Nutrient Requirements	480	(1)
Nutritional Support	480	(5)
Special Considerations	485	(3)
Additional Resources	488	(5)
Nutrition in the Burned Pediatric Patient	493	(20)
Michele Morath Gottschlich
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations	493	(1)
Metabolic Manifestations of Thermal Injury	494	(1)
Fluid Requirements	495	(1)
Caloric Needs	496	(2)
Carbohydrate Needs	498	(2)
Protein Needs	500	(1)
Fat Needs	500	(1)
Micronutrient Needs	501	(1)
Nutritional Intervention Strategies	502	(5)
Parenteral Hyperalimentation	507	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	508	(1)
Conclusion	508	(5)
Enteral Nutrition	513	(38)
Nancy Nevin-Folino
Myrna Miller
Patient Selection	513	(2)
Product Selection	515	(9)
Product Availability and Cost	524	(6)
Administration of Feeding	530	(5)
Prevention and Treatment of Complications	535	(3)
Weaning	538	(2)
Planning for Home Enteral Support	540	(11)
Parenteral Nutrition	551	(38)
Janice Hovasi Cox
Ingrida Mara Melbardis
Clinical Indications	551	(2)
Vascular Access	553	(2)
Solution Administration Methods and Equipment	555	(6)
Cycling	561	(1)
Fluid and Electrolytes	561	(2)
Energy	563	(1)
Carbohydrate	563	(3)
Protein	566	(6)
Fat	572	(2)
Vitamins	574	(1)
Minerals	574	(4)
Patient Monitoring	578	(1)
Psychosocial Issues	579	(3)
Reimbursement	582	(7)
Botanicals in Pediatrics	589	(12)
John Westerdahl
Growth of the Herbal Market	590	(1)
Definitions	590	(2)
The Use of Herbs and Phytomedicines in Pediatrics	592	(7)
Conclusion	599	(2)
Appendix A---Premature Infant Growth Charts	601	(4)
Appendix B---Incremental Growth Charts	605	(22)
Appendix C---Down Syndrome Growth Charts	627	(6)
Appendix D---BMI and Weight Gain Charts	633	(6)
Appendix E---Body Mass Index for Selected Weights and Statures	639	(6)
Appendix F---Percentiles for Body Mass Index in US Children 5 to 17 Years of Age	645	(8)
Appendix G---Nomograms	653	(4)
Appendix H---Arm and Skinfold Measurements	657	(10)
Appendix I---Progression of Sexual Development	667	(2)
Appendix J---Biochemical Evaluation of Nutrition Status	669	(12)
Appendix K---Dietary References Intakes and Recommended Dietary Allowances	681	(8)
Appendix L---General Guidelines, Daily Values, Food Guide Pyramid, and Conversion Tables	689	(6)
Appendix M---NCHS Growth Charts	695	(4)
Index	699