Handbook of Petroleum Analysis

by Speight, James G.

• ISBN13: 9780471361671
• ISBN10: 0471361674
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-04-18
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

Petroleum exhibits a wide range of physical properties. Numerous tests have been and continue to be developed to provide an indication of the means by which a particular feedstock should be processed. An initial inspection of the nature of petroleum provides deductions about the most logical means of refining and classifying. Handbook of Petroleum Analysis is a single, comprehensive source that describes the application and interpretation of data resulting from various test methods for petroleum feedstocks and products.The need for the application of analytical techniques to petroleum has increased over the past three decades due to changes in feedstock composition. Handbook of Petroleum Analysis deals with the various aspects of petroleum analysis while providing a detailed explanation of the necessary standard tests and procedures that are applicable to feedstocks. The material also reviews the application of new methods for determining instability and incompatibility, focusing on the analytical methods related to environmental regulations. Most importantly, the book provides details of the meanings of the various test results and how they might be applied to predict feedstock behavior. Where pertinent, new tests that are not yet accepted as standardized are described.Topics covered in Handbook of Petroleum Analysis include:- Chemical composition - Physical, thermal, electrical, and optical property testing methods - Spectroscopic, chemical, fractionation, and chromatographic methods - Molecular weight - Use of the data (i.e., mapping and predictability)Handbook of Petroleum Analysis promotes a better understanding of the criteria affecting the quality of petroleum and petroleum products and is a valuable resource for chemists and engineers in the refining industry.

Author Biography

JAMES G. SPEIGHT, PhD, is the author and editor of nineteen books and bibliographies related to fossil fuel processing and environmental issues. Dr. Speight has received numerous awards in appreciation for his work in the field of petroleum science.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Cumulative Listing of Volumes in Series	xiii
Definitions and History	1	(24)
Introduction	1	(5)
Definitions	6	(5)
Historical Perspectives	11	(5)
Modern Perspectives	16	(2)
Analysis and Specifications	18	(7)
Chemical Composition	25	(36)
Introduction	25	(1)
Ultimate (Elemental) Composition	26	(3)
Chemical Composition	29	(32)
Classification	61	(24)
Introduction	61	(2)
Classification Systems	63	(14)
Miscellaneous Systems	77	(8)
Physical Properties	85	(42)
Introduction	85	(6)
Elemental (Ultimate) Analysis	91	(6)
Metal Content	97	(4)
Density, Specific Gravity, and API Gravity	101	(8)
Viscosity	109	(9)
Surface and Interfacial Tension	118	(9)
Thermal Properties	127	(38)
Introduction	127	(1)
Volatility	127	(15)
Liquefaction and Solidification	142	(5)
Carbon Residue	147	(3)
Aniline Point	150	(1)
Specific Heat	151	(1)
Latent Heat	152	(4)
Enthalpy or Heat Content	156	(1)
Thermal Conductivity	156	(1)
Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships	157	(1)
Heat of Combustion	158	(2)
Critical Properties	160	(5)
Electrical and Optical Properties	165	(10)
Introduction	165	(1)
Electrical Properties	166	(4)
Optical Properties	170	(5)
Spectroscopic Methods	175	(22)
Introduction	175	(2)
Infrared Spectroscopy	177	(3)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance	180	(6)
Mass Spectrometry	186	(6)
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy	192	(1)
X-Ray Diffraction	192	(5)
Chemical Methods	197	(26)
Introduction	197	(3)
Functional Group Analysis	200	(5)
Hydrogenation	205	(6)
Oxidation	211	(3)
Halogenation	214	(2)
Thermal Methods	216	(3)
Miscellaneous Methods	219	(4)
Fractional Composition	223	(40)
Introduction	223	(2)
Distillation	225	(9)
Solvent Treatment	234	(10)
Adsorption	244	(10)
Chemical Methods	254	(9)
Chromatographic Analysis	263	(34)
Introduction	263	(2)
Gas Chromatography	265	(6)
Simulated Distillation	271	(2)
Adsorption Chromatography	273	(7)
Gel Permeation Chromatography	280	(4)
Ion-Exchange Chromatography	284	(3)
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	287	(1)
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography	288	(2)
Thin-Layer Chromatography	290	(7)
Structural Group Analysis	297	(46)
Introduction	297	(3)
Physical Property Methods	300	(15)
Spectroscopic Methods	315	(17)
Methods for Heteroatom Systems	332	(11)
Molecular Weight	343	(28)
Introduction	343	(1)
Methods for Molecular Weight Measurement	344	(11)
Molecular Weights of Volatile Fractions	355	(1)
Molecular Weights of Nonvolatile Fractions	356	(15)
Instability and Incompatibility	371	(32)
Introduction	371	(7)
Instability and Incompatibility Assessment	378	(4)
Direct Test Methods	382	(7)
Indirect Test Methods	389	(14)
Use of the Data---The Structure of Petroleum	403	(24)
Introduction	403	(2)
The Structure of Petroleum	405	(9)
The Stability/Instability of the Crude Oil System	414	(13)
Use of the Data---Mapping and Predictability	427	(26)
Introduction	427	(2)
Feedstock Mapping	429	(22)
Epilog	451	(2)
Glossary	453	(24)
Index	477