Hard Road to Democracy Four Developing Nations

by Roskin, Michael G.

• ISBN13: 9780130334183
• ISBN10: 0130334189
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-08
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This quick, easy--yetexceptionallysubstantive--introduction to the Third World is designed to help readers gain a clearer perspective of the basics and true nature of developing countries as background for eitherworkingwith Third World countries in any capacity or filling in background for a general understanding history and current events.Looks at the history, structure, culture, politics and quarrels of four developing countries--China, Brazil, South Africa, and Iran--examining their progress and problems, and underscoring the fact that democracy in the Third World is difficult, but possible, and that what West Europe and North America did first (and it wasn't quick or easy for them either) most of the Third World will accomplish in the twenty-first century.For international businesses that need quick intro to the Third World for staffers, and for general readers interested in the Third World.

Table of Contents

Feature Boxes	xiii
Preface	xvii
What to Look For	1	(14)
The Impact of the Past	5	(2)
The Key Institutions	7	(1)
Political Culture	8	(2)
Patterns of Interaction	10	(2)
What People Quarrel About	12	(1)
Key Terms	13	(1)
Further Reference	14	(1)
China	15	(31)
The Impact of the Past	15	(7)
A Traditional Political System	16	(1)
The Long Collapse	17	(2)
From Empire to Republic	19	(2)
The Communist Triumph	21	(1)
The Key Institutions	22	(6)
The Soviet Parallel	22	(3)
The Party	25	(1)
The Army	26	(2)
Chinese Political Culture	28	(5)
Traditional Culture	28	(1)
Nationalism	28	(1)
Maoism	29	(1)
Concealed Anger	30	(3)
Patterns of Interaction	33	(5)
Cycles of Upheaval	33	(1)
Radicals and Moderates	34	(2)
Chinese Liberal and Conservative Politics	36	(1)
The Underlying Problem	37	(1)
What Chinese Quarrel About	38	(8)
A Market Economy for China?	38	(2)
A Middle Way for the Middle Kingdom?	40	(2)
Do Markets Lead to Democracy?	42	(1)
Which Is the Real China?	43	(1)
Key Terms	44	(1)
Further Reference	44	(2)
Brazil	46	(32)
The Impact of the Past	46	(8)
The Portuguese Influence	46	(1)
A Painless Independence	47	(2)
From Empire to Republic	49	(1)
The Old Republic	50	(1)
Vargas's ``New State''	51	(1)
The Rise and Fall of Jango Goulart	51	(3)
The Key Institutions	54	(6)
Flawed Structure	54	(1)
Congress and the Presidency	54	(2)
An Inchoate Party System	56	(1)
The Military as Political Institution	57	(2)
A Lack of Institutions	59	(1)
Brazilian Political Culture	60	(5)
The Easygoing Image	60	(1)
Brazilian Racism	60	(1)
Brazil's Poor: Passive or Explosive?	61	(2)
Uneven Democratic Attitudes	63	(2)
Patterns of Interaction	65	(6)
An Elite Game	65	(1)
The Mobilization-Demobilization Cycle	65	(2)
The Inflation Connection	67	(1)
The Corruption Connection	68	(1)
Resurgent Interest Groups	69	(1)
The Church as Opposition	70	(1)
What Brazilians Quarrel About	71	(7)
How to Make a Second Brazilian Miracle	71	(2)
Brazil's State Capitalism	73	(1)
Growth for Whom?	74	(1)
The Population Problem	75	(1)
Is Democracy Here to Stay?	76	(1)
Key Terms	76	(1)
Further Reference	77	(1)
South Africa	78	(32)
The Impact of the Past	78	(5)
The Great Trek	79	(1)
The Boer War	80	(1)
From Defeat to Victory	81	(2)
The Key Institutions	83	(9)
System in Flux	83	(1)
A Quasi-Presidential System	83	(2)
A Bicameral Parliament	85	(2)
The Cabinet	87	(1)
The Parties	87	(5)
Farewell to the Homelands	92	(1)
South African Political Culture	92	(5)
The Africans	92	(2)
The Afrikaners	94	(1)
The English-Speakers	95	(1)
Indians and Coloureds	96	(1)
Patterns of Interaction	97	(7)
Politics within the ANC	97	(1)
The ANC and the Whites	98	(1)
The ANC versus Inkatha	99	(2)
A Dominant-Party System?	101	(2)
Harvest of Hatred	103	(1)
What South Africans Quarrel About	104	(6)
How to Manage a Revolution	104	(1)
Capitalism for South Africa?	104	(2)
Tyrants-in-Waiting?	106	(3)
Key Terms	109	(1)
Further Reference	109	(1)
Iran	110	(31)
The Impact of the Past	110	(6)
The Arab Conquest	112	(1)
Western Penetration	112	(1)
The First Pahlavi	113	(1)
The Last Pahlavi	114	(2)
The Key Institutions	116	(4)
A Theocracy	116	(2)
Iran's Executive	118	(1)
Iran's Legislature	118	(1)
Emerging Parties?	119	(1)
A Partly Free System	120	(1)
Iranian Political Culture	120	(6)
Islam as a Political Ideology	122	(1)
Democracy and Authority	123	(1)
Persian Nationalism	124	(2)
Patterns of Interaction	126	(5)
Religion as a Political Tool	126	(1)
Radicals and Moderates in Iran	127	(4)
The Revolution Burns Out	131	(1)
What Iranians Quarrel About	131	(10)
Which Way for Iran's Economy?	131	(3)
The Veiled Debate on Islam	134	(2)
What Kind of Foreign Policy?	136	(2)
Do Revolutions End Badly?	138	(1)
Key Terms	139	(1)
Further Reference	139	(2)
Index	141