Health Assessment for Nursing Practice

by Wilson, Susan F.; Giddens, Jean Foret

• ISBN13: 9780323008761
• ISBN10: 0323008763
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-10-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

HEALTH ASSESSMENT FOR NURSING PRACTICE, second edition effectively presents nursing-focused physical assessment in an appealing and consistent format. Organized by body system, each chapter contains sections on anatomy and physiology, health history, step-by-step examination procedures, normal to abnormal findings, and common problems and conditions. This new edition includes risk factor boxes, summary of findings tables, clinical applications and critical thinking exercises, and updated content on nutritional assessment. Four new chapters cover mental health, comfort and pain, sleep and rest, and the pregnant client, making this text a complete reference for learning health assessment. Numerous full-color illustrations depict examination procedures and normal and abnormal findings.

Author Biography

Jean Foret Giddens is Assistant Professor, Mesa State College, Department of Nursing and Radiologic Sciences, Grand Junction, Colorado.

Table of Contents

Why Learn Health Assessment?	1	(6)
What Health Assessment Tells Us	1	(1)
What Health Assessment Is Performed Where	2	(1)
Documentation of Data	3	(1)
What Do You Do With All These Data?	3	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	4	(2)
Developmental Assessment Through the Life Span	6	(24)
Theories of Development	6	(1)
Infants	7	(3)
Children	10	(10)
Adolescents	20	(3)
Adults	23	(3)
Family Development and Assessment	26	(1)
Summary	27	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	28	(2)
Ethnic and Cultural Considerations	30	(16)
Become Culturally Competent	30	(1)
Don't Stereotype	31	(1)
Learn the Facts	31	(1)
Develop a Template for Assessment	31	(15)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	45	(1)
Interviewing to Obtain a Health History	46	(21)
Purpose of the Health History	46	(1)
Providing a Relaxed Setting	46	(1)
Deciding How Much Data to Collect	46	(1)
Communicating With the Client	47	(3)
Scope of the Health History	50	(1)
Biographic Data	50	(1)
Reason for Seeking Care	50	(1)
Present Health Status	51	(1)
Past Health History	51	(1)
Family History	52	(1)
Review of Systems	53	(2)
Psychosocial Status	55	(1)
Environmental Health	56	(1)
Health History Format Based on Functional Health Patterns	56	(1)
Age-Related Variations in the Health History	56	(7)
Summary	63	(1)
Sample Adult Health History Documentation	63	(4)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	65	(2)
Equipment for Physical Assessment	67	(12)
Thermometers (Temperature Measurement)	67	(1)
Stethoscope	67	(2)
Blood Pressure Measurement Equipment	69	(1)
Doppler	70	(1)
Pulse Oximetry	70	(1)
Snellen's Visual Acuity Chart	71	(1)
Near-Vision Chart	72	(1)
Ophthalmoscope	72	(1)
Otoscope	73	(1)
Nasal Speculum	73	(1)
Tuning Fork	73	(1)
Audiometer	74	(1)
Percussion, or Reflex, Hammer	74	(1)
Goniometer	75	(1)
Penlight	75	(1)
Ruler	75	(1)
Tape Measure	75	(1)
Calipers for Skinfold Thickness	75	(1)
Transilluminator	75	(1)
Wood's Lamp	76	(1)
Vaginal Speculum	76	(1)
Personal Protective Equipment	77	(2)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	78	(1)
Techniques of Physical Assessment	79	(13)
Techniques	79	(2)
Positioning	81	(1)
Vital Signs	81	(6)
General Assessment	87	(1)
Age-Related Variations	88	(4)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	91	(1)
Mental Health Assessment	92	(19)
Anatomy and Physiology	92	(3)
Health History	95	(1)
Present Health Status	95	(2)
Problem-Based History	97	(7)
Examination	104	(1)
Age-Related Variations	104	(3)
Health Promotion	107	(1)
Stress Management	107	(1)
Screening for Alcoholism and Drug Abuse	107	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	107	(1)
Alterations of Mood and Affect	107	(1)
Alterations of Thought Content	108	(1)
Substance Abuse Disorders	108	(1)
Drug Intoxication	108	(1)
Disorders	109	(2)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	109	(2)
Comfort and Pain Assessment	111	(16)
Anatomy and Physiology	111	(7)
Health History	118	(1)
Description of Pain	118	(3)
Affective Response to Pain	121	(1)
Behavioral Response to Pain	121	(1)
Cognitive Response to Pain	122	(1)
Examination	122	(1)
Age-Related Variations	123	(2)
Examination Summary	125	(2)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	126	(1)
Sleep and Rest Assessment	127	(7)
Anatomy and Physiology	127	(2)
Health History	129	(1)
Present Health Status	129	(1)
Problem-Based History	129	(1)
Examination	130	(1)
Age-Related Variations	131	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	132	(1)
Other Sleep Disorders	133	(1)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	133	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	134	(27)
Anatomy and Physiology	134	(1)
Macronutrients	134	(1)
Micronutrients	134	(1)
Water	135	(1)
Health History	136	(1)
Present Health Status	136	(2)
Problem-Based History	138	(5)
Examination	143	(1)
Anthropometric Measurements	143	(6)
Laboratory Tests	149	(1)
Clinical Examination	149	(4)
Age-Related Variations	153	(2)
Examination Summary	155	(1)
Procedure	155	(1)
Summary of Findings	155	(2)
Health Promotion	157	(1)
Healthy Eating Habits	157	(1)
Weight Reduction and Gain	157	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	157	(1)
Obesity	157	(1)
Underweight	158	(1)
Bulimia	158	(1)
Anorexia Nervosa	158	(1)
Vitamin D Deficiency	158	(1)
Thiamin Deficiency	158	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	159	(2)
Skin, Hair, and Nails	161	(52)
Anatomy and Physiology	161	(1)
Epidermis	161	(1)
Dermis	161	(1)
Hypodermis	161	(1)
Appendages	161	(2)
Health History	163	(1)
Present Health Status	163	(1)
Problem-Based History	164	(3)
Examination	167	(1)
Skin	167	(13)
Hair	180	(1)
Nails	181	(1)
Age-Related Variations	182	(7)
Clients with Situational Variations	189	(1)
Clients With Limited Mobility (Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia)	189	(3)
Examination Summary	192	(1)
Summary of Findings	192	(2)
Health Promotion	194	(1)
Immunizations	194	(1)
Sun Exposure and Protection	194	(1)
Skin Cancer	194	(1)
Signs of Basal Cell Carcinoma	194	(1)
Signs of Melanoma	194	(1)
The A, B, C, D Early Signs of Melanoma	194	(1)
Ingrown Toenails	194	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	195	(1)
Skin	195	(18)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	211	(2)
Lymphatic System	213	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology	213	(1)
Lymphatic Fluid Circulation	213	(1)
Lymphocytes	213	(1)
Lymph Nodes	213	(4)
Thymus	217	(1)
Spleen	217	(2)
Tonsils and Adenoids	219	(1)
Peyer's Patches	219	(1)
Health History	219	(1)
Present Health Status	219	(1)
Past Medical History	220	(1)
Family History	221	(1)
Problem-Based History	221	(1)
Examination	222	(1)
Head and Neck	222	(3)
Axillary and Breast Areas	225	(1)
Arm	226	(1)
Groin	226	(1)
Age-Related Variations	227	(1)
Clients with Situational Variations	228	(1)
Clients Who Have Had a Radical Mastectomy	228	(1)
Clients Taking Immunosuppressive Therapy	228	(1)
Examination Summary	229	(1)
Summary of Findings	229	(1)
Health Promotion	230	(1)
Infection	230	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	231	(1)
Immune Deficiency	231	(1)
Acute Inflammation	232	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	233	(2)
Head and Neck	235	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology	235	(3)
Health History	238	(1)
Present Health Status	238	(1)
Past Medical History	239	(1)
Family History	239	(1)
Problem-Based History	239	(4)
Examination	243	(1)
Head	243	(1)
Neck	244	(1)
Thyroid	245	(3)
Age-Related Variations	248	(2)
Examination Summary	250	(1)
Head	250	(1)
Neck	250	(1)
Thyroid	250	(1)
Health Promotion	251	(1)
Iodine in the Diet	251	(1)
Congenital Hypothyroidism	251	(1)
Thyroid Cancer	251	(1)
Summary of Findings	251	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	252	(1)
Head	252	(1)
Neck	253	(4)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	255	(2)
Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, Mouth, and Oropharynx	257	(31)
Anatomy and Physiology	257	(1)
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses	257	(1)
Mouth	257	(1)
Oropharynx	257	(3)
Health History	260	(1)
Present Health Status	260	(2)
Past Medical History	262	(1)
Family History	262	(1)
Problem-Based History	262	(3)
Examination	265	(1)
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses	265	(3)
Mouth and Oropharynx	268	(6)
Age-Related Variations	274	(4)
Examination Summary	278	(1)
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses	278	(1)
Mouth and Oropharynx	278	(1)
Summary of Findings	279	(1)
Health Promotion	279	(1)
Dental Care	279	(1)
Nose Sprays	280	(1)
Nasal Foreign Bodies	280	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	280	(1)
Nose	280	(1)
Lips, Mouth, and Oropharynx	281	(1)
Teeth and Gums	282	(1)
Tongue	283	(1)
Buccal Mucosa	283	(5)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	285	(3)
Ears and Auditory System	288	(30)
Anatomy and Physiology	288	(1)
External Ear	288	(1)
Middle Ear	288	(1)
Inner Ear	288	(1)
Hearing	288	(2)
Health History	290	(1)
Present Health Status	290	(1)
Past Medical History	291	(1)
Family History	291	(1)
Problem-Based History	291	(4)
Examination	295	(1)
Ear	295	(2)
Auditory Canal and Tympanic Membrane	297	(3)
Hearing	300	(4)
Age-Related Variations	304	(4)
Clients with Situational Variations	308	(1)
Clients With Impaired Hearing	308	(1)
Examination Summary	308	(1)
Procedure	308	(1)
Summary of Findings	309	(1)
Health Promotion	310	(1)
Protection From Noise	310	(1)
Foreign Bodies in the Ear	311	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	311	(1)
External Ear	311	(2)
Auditory Canal	313	(1)
Tympanic Membrane/Middle Ear	314	(1)
Hearing Loss	315	(1)
Vestibular Function	315	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	316	(2)
Eyes and Visual System	318	(39)
Anatomy and Physiology	318	(1)
External Ocular Structures	318	(1)
Eye Movement	318	(1)
Globe of the Eye	318	(1)
Vision	319	(1)
Health History	320	(1)
Present Health Status	320	(1)
Past Medical History	321	(1)
Family History	322	(1)
Problem-Based History	322	(2)
Examination	324	(1)
Vision	325	(4)
External Ocular Structures	329	(3)
Globe of the Eye	332	(2)
Internal Ocular Structures (Ophthalmoscope Examination)	334	(3)
Age-Related Variations	337	(3)
Clients with Situational Variations	340	(1)
Clients With Decreased or Absent Vision	340	(1)
Clients With Suspected Drug Intoxication	340	(1)
Clients With Prosthetic Eye	340	(1)
Examination Summary	341	(1)
Vision	341	(1)
External Ocular Structures	341	(1)
Internal Ocular Structures	341	(1)
Summary of Findings	342	(1)
Health Promotion	343	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	344	(1)
External Eye	344	(7)
Peripheral Visual Defects	351	(1)
Extraocular Muscles	352	(1)
Internal Eye	352	(5)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	354	(3)
Lungs and Respiratory System	357	(40)
Anatomy and Physiology	357	(1)
Structures Within the Thorax	357	(1)
Respiration	357	(1)
External Chest	357	(4)
Health History	361	(1)
Present Health Status	361	(1)
Past Medical History	362	(1)
Family History	362	(1)
Home Environment	362	(1)
Occupational Environment	362	(1)
Travel	363	(1)
Problem-Based History	363	(4)
Examination	367	(1)
General Presentation	367	(1)
Chest Wall Configuration	368	(2)
General Oxygenation and Respiratory Effort	370	(2)
Anterior and Posterior Chest Assessment	372	(9)
Age-Related Variations	381	(3)
Clients with Situational Variations	384	(1)
Clients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)	384	(1)
Examination Summary	385	(1)
Procedure	385	(1)
Summary of Findings	385	(1)
Health Promotion	386	(1)
Smoking	386	(1)
Smokeless Tobacco	386	(1)
Inhalants	387	(1)
Occupational or Home Exposure to Irritants and Carcinogens	387	(1)
Preventing Respiratory Infections	387	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	388	(1)
Infections and Inflammatory Conditions	388	(2)
Chronic Obstructive and Pulmonary Disease	390	(2)
Acute or Traumatic Conditions	392	(1)
Other Pulmonary Conditions	393	(4)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	394	(3)
Heart and Peripheral Vascular System	397	(49)
Anatomy and Physiology	397	(1)
The Heart and Great Vessels	397	(1)
Pericardium and Cardiac Muscle	397	(1)
Blood Flow Through the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle	397	(1)
Electric Conduction	397	(2)
Blood Circulation	399	(3)
Health History	402	(1)
Present Health Status	402	(2)
Past Medical History	404	(1)
Family History	404	(1)
Problem-Based History	405	(5)
Examination	410	(1)
Arterial Assessment: Blood Pressure	411	(1)
Arterial Assessment: Peripheral Perfusion	412	(7)
Venous Assessment	419	(3)
Cardiac Assessment	422	(2)
Auscultation	424	(6)
Age-Related Variations	430	(2)
Examination Summary	432	(1)
Procedure	432	(1)
Summary of Findings	433	(1)
Health Promotion	434	(1)
Smoking	434	(1)
Hypertension	434	(1)
Obesity and Hypercholesteremia	434	(1)
Stress	434	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	435	(1)
Cardiac Disorders	435	(4)
Congenital Heart Defects	439	(2)
Vessel Disorders	441	(5)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	443	(3)
Breasts and Axillae	446	(32)
Anatomy and Physiology	446	(1)
Female Breast	446	(1)
Male Breast	447	(1)
Health History	448	(1)
Present Health Status	448	(1)
Past Medical History	448	(1)
Family History	449	(1)
Problem-Based History (Female)	449	(3)
Problem-Based History (Male)	452	(1)
Examination	452	(1)
Female	452	(12)
Male	464	(1)
Age-Related Variations	465	(4)
Clients with Situational Variations	469	(1)
Clients With a Mastectomy	469	(1)
Examination Summary	470	(1)
Procedure	470	(1)
Summary of Findings	470	(1)
Health Promotion	471	(1)
Breast Cancer Prevention and Screening Recommendations	471	(1)
Breast Self-Examination	471	(1)
Clinical Breast Examination	471	(1)
Mammogram	472	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	472	(1)
Females	472	(3)
Males	475	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	476	(2)
Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System	478	(42)
Anatomy and Physiology	478	(1)
Peritoneum, Musculature, and Connective Tissue	478	(1)
Alimentary Tract	478	(3)
Urinary Tract	481	(1)
Health History	481	(1)
Present Health Status	482	(1)
Past Medical History	482	(1)
Family History	482	(1)
Problem-Based History	483	(4)
Examination	487	(1)
Abdomen	488	(12)
Additional Assessment Techniques for Special Cases	500	(4)
Age-Related Variations	504	(2)
Clients with Situational Variations	506	(1)
Clients With Ileostomy or Colostomy	506	(1)
Examination Summary	506	(1)
Procedure	506	(1)
Summary of Findings	507	(1)
Health Promotion	508	(1)
Immunizations	508	(1)
Food Poisoning	508	(1)
Lead Poisoning	508	(3)
Common Problems and Conditions	511	(1)
Alimentary Tract	511	(3)
Hepatobiliary System	514	(1)
Pancreas	515	(1)
Urinary System	515	(1)
Infants	516	(4)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	517	(3)
Female Genitalia and Reproductive System	520	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	520	(53)
External Genitalia	520	(1)
Internal Genitalia	520	(2)
Menstrual Cycle	522	(1)
Bony Pelvis	522	(3)
Health History	525	(1)
Present Health Status	525	(1)
Past Medical History	525	(1)
Family History	526	(1)
Menstruation	526	(1)
Sexual Activity	527	(1)
Birth Control	527	(1)
Obstetric History	527	(1)
Problem-Based History	528	(3)
Examination	531	(2)
External Genitalia	533	(4)
Internal Genitalia: Speculum Examination	537	(8)
Internal Genitalia: Bimanual Examination	545	(5)
Rectovaginal Examination	550	(1)
Age-Related Variations	551	(5)
Clients with Situational Variations	556	(1)
Clients Who Have Had a Hysterectomy	556	(1)
Examination Summary	557	(1)
procedure	557	(1)
Summary of Findings	558	(1)
Health Promotion	559	(1)
Safe Sex---Reducing Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection	559	(1)
Vulvar Self-Examination	559	(1)
Pelvic Muscle Exercises	560	(1)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)	560	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	561	(1)
Menstruation	561	(1)
Cervix	561	(1)
Uterus	561	(2)
Ovaries	563	(2)
Vulva and Vagina	565	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Infection	566	(7)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	571	(2)
Male Genitalia	573	(26)
Anatomy and Physiology	573	(1)
The Genitalia	573	(1)
The Inguinal Area	574	(1)
Health History	575	(1)
Present Health Status	575	(1)
Past Medical History	575	(1)
Sexual Activity	575	(1)
Problem-Based History	576	(2)
Examination	578	(1)
Pubic Hair	579	(1)
Penis	579	(2)
Scrotum and Testes	581	(2)
Inguinal Region	583	(1)
Age-Related Variations	584	(4)
Examination Summary	588	(1)
Procedure	588	(1)
Summary of Findings	589	(1)
Health Promotion	590	(1)
Genital Self-Examination (GSE)	590	(1)
Personal Protection for Sexually Active Males	590	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	591	(1)
Inguinal Area	591	(1)
Penis	591	(3)
Scrotum/Testicles	594	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Infection	595	(4)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	597	(2)
Anus, Rectum, and Prostate	599	(25)
Anatomy and Physiology	599	(1)
Rectum, Anal Canal, and Anus	599	(1)
Prostate	599	(2)
Health History	601	(1)
Present Health Status	601	(1)
Past Medical History	602	(1)
Family History	603	(1)
Problem-Based History	603	(2)
Examination	605	(1)
Anus and Rectum	606	(3)
Prostate Gland (For Male Clients)	609	(1)
Stool Examination	609	(1)
Age-Related Variations	610	(4)
Examination Summary	614	(1)
Procedure	614	(1)
Summary of Findings	614	(1)
Health Promotion	615	(1)
Colorectal Cancer	615	(1)
Prostate Cancer	615	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	616	(1)
Anus and Rectum	616	(4)
Prostate	620	(4)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	622	(2)
Musculoskeletal System	624	(66)
Anatomy and Physiology	624	(1)
Skeleton	624	(1)
Skeletal Muscles	624	(1)
Joints	624	(1)
Joint Movement and Range of Motion	624	(1)
Ligaments and Tendons	624	(1)
Cartilage and Bursae	624	(1)
Axial Skeleton and Supporting Structures	625	(10)
Appendicular Skeleton and Supporting Structures	635	(2)
Health History	637	(1)
Present Health Status	637	(1)
Past Medical History	638	(1)
Family History	638	(1)
Problem-Based History	639	(3)
Examination	642	(1)
Overview of the Examination of Specific Musculoskeletal Regions	643	(4)
Examination of Specific Musculoskeletal Regions	647	(20)
Additional Assessment Techniques for Special Cases	667	(5)
Age-Related Variations	672	(5)
Examination Summary	677	(1)
Procedure	677	(2)
Summary of Findings	679	(2)
Health Promotion	681	(1)
Preventing Osteoporosis	681	(1)
Maintaining Healthy Body Weight and Exercising Regularly	681	(1)
Preventing Injuries	681	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	681	(1)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	681	(1)
Osteomyelitis	682	(1)
Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome	682	(1)
Gout	682	(1)
Bursitis	683	(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	683	(1)
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Herniated Disk)	684	(1)
Injuries	684	(1)
Age-Related Variations	685	(5)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	688	(2)
Neurologic System	690	(46)
Anatomy and Physiology	690	(1)
Central Nervous System	690	(4)
Peripheral Nervous System	694	(4)
Autonomic Nervous System	698	(2)
Health History	700	(1)
Present Health Status	700	(1)
Past Medical History	700	(1)
Family History	701	(1)
Problem-Based History	702	(3)
Examination	705	(14)
Additional Assessment Techniques for Special Cases	719	(2)
Age-Related Variations	721	(6)
Clients With Situational Variations	727	(1)
Clients With Aphasia	727	(1)
Clients Taking Anticonvulsants	727	(1)
Clients in a Wheelchair	727	(1)
Clients Who are Unconscious	727	(1)
Examination Summary	727	(1)
Procedure	727	(1)
Summary of Findings	728	(2)
Health Promotion	730	(1)
Safe Travel	730	(1)
Safe Recreation	730	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	730	(1)
Disorders of the Central Nervous System	730	(2)
Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System	732	(1)
Disorders of Children	733	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	734	(2)
Assessment of the Pregnant Client	736	(23)
Anatomy and Physiology	736	(1)
Endocrine System	736	(1)
Reproductive System	736	(1)
Breasts	737	(1)
Integument System	737	(1)
Lungs and Respiratory System	738	(1)
Heart and Peripheral Vascular System	738	(1)
Gastrointestinal System	738	(1)
Renal System	739	(1)
Musculoskeletal System	739	(1)
Changes in Nutritional Needs	740	(1)
Signs of Pregnancy	741	(1)
Health History	741	(1)
Biographic Data	741	(1)
Reason for Seeking Care	742	(1)
Present Health Status	742	(1)
Past Health History	742	(1)
Family History	742	(2)
Examination	744	(1)
Vital Signs and Baseline Measurements	745	(1)
Examination of the Extremities	745	(1)
Examination of the Head and Neck	746	(1)
Examination of the Anterior and Posterior Chest	747	(1)
Examination of the Breast	747	(1)
Examination of the Abdomen	748	(3)
Examination of the Genitalia	751	(1)
Examination of the Rectum and Anus	752	(1)
Examination of the Musculoskeletal System	752	(1)
Examination of the Neurologic System	753	(1)
Examination Summary	753	(1)
Procedure	753	(1)
Summary of Findings	754	(1)
Health Promotion	755	(1)
Pregnancy and Nutrition	755	(1)
Lactation	755	(1)
Reducing Risk Factors During Pregnancy	755	(1)
Common Problems and Conditions	756	(1)
Bleeding	756	(1)
Hydramnios (Polyhydramnios)	756	(1)
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension	756	(1)
Premature Rupture of Membranes	756	(1)
Prolapsed Cord	756	(3)
Clinical Application and Critical Thinking	757	(2)
Head-to-Toe Examination and Documentation	759	(39)
Special Considerations	759	(1)
The Model Integrated Health Assessment	759	(1)
Integration of the Infant and Pediatric Examination	760	(1)
Health Assessment Documentation	760	(12)
Documentation Format	772	(2)
Appendices
A Sample Documentation	774	(7)
B NANDA Nursing Diagnoses	781	(2)
C Health History Using Functional Health Patterns	783	(2)
D Conversion Tables	785	(1)
E Abbreviations	786	(2)
F Growth Charts	788	(6)
G Nutrition Screening Forms	794	(4)
Glossary	798	(10)
Answer Key	808	(16)
Illustration Credits	824	(2)
References	826