Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence Evidence-based Guidelines for Improving Healthcare

by Martin, Leslie; Haskard-Zolnierek, Kelly; DiMatteo, M. Robin

• ISBN13: 9780195380408
• ISBN10: 0195380401
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-01-05
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Relationships, jobs, and health behaviors-these are what New Year's resolutions are made of. Every year millions resolve to adopt a better diet, exercise more, become fit, or lose weight but few put into practice the health behaviors they aspire to. For those who successfully begin, the likelihood that they will maintain these habits is low. Healthcare professionals recognize the importance of these, and other, health behaviors but struggle to provide their patients with the tools necessary for successful maintenance of their medical regimens. The thousands of research papers that exist on patient adherence and health behavior change can leave professionals overwhelmed. This book synthesizes the results from more than 50 years of empirical research, resulting in simple, powerful, and practical guidance for health professionals who want to know the most effective strategies for helping their clients to put long-term health-relevant behavior changes into practice. It advocates a straightforward 3-ingredient model: Before a person can change, they must (1) know what change is necessary (information); (2) desire the change (motivation); and then (3) have the tools to achieve and maintain the change (strategy). This book is designed to be informative and compelling, but its numerous anecdotes and examples render it engaging and entertaining, as well. Written for a practitioners and students of medicine, chiropractic, osteopathy, nursing, health education, physician assistant programs, dentistry, clinical and health psychology, marriage and family counseling, social work, school psychology, and care administrators -- and for lay persons who wish to take an active role in their health, this book brings together major empirically-based findings within the field and provides succinct, evidence-based recommendations and strategies for using these findings to make real changes.

Author Biography

LRM: Professor of Psychology, LaSierra UniversityKBH: Assistant Professor of Psychology, Texas State UniversityMRB: Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of California, Riverside

Table of Contents

Understanding Behavior Change: The Theory Behind Informing, Motivating, and Planning for Health	p. 3
Levels of Health Behavior	p. 4
Theoretical Models of Health Behavior and Change	p. 5
Health Belief Model	p. 5
Theory of Reasoned Action	p. 8
Theory of Planned Behavior	p. 12
Transtheoretical Model of Change	p. 13
Social Cognitive Models	p. 16
Precaution Adoption Process Model	p. 18
Information-Motivation-Strategy Model	p. 19
Conclusion	p. 20
Persuading and Motivating Positive Health Behaviors	p. 24
Goal Setting	p. 24
Social Comparisons	p. 26
Persuasive Messages	p. 30
Message Framing	p. 35
Expectations	p. 36
Goal Pursuit	p. 38
Beliefs About Outcomes	p. 38
Optimism	p. 38
Self-Efficacy	p. 39
Perceptions of Benefits and Costs	p. 40
Social Support	p. 42
Goal Framing	p. 43
Targeting Goals	p. 44
Conclusion	p. 46
Understanding and Remembering	p. 51
Information Processing, Memory, and Recall	p. 52
Focusing Attention and Encoding	p. 52
Memory Storage	p. 53
Emotion and Memory	p. 53
Chronic Stress	p. 55
Self-Enhancement Bias	p. 56
Cultural Context	p. 56
Additional Factors	p. 58
Strategies for Improving Memory and Recall	p. 60
Tailoring Information	p. 60
Making Time	p. 61
Avoiding Overload	p. 62
Ordering of Information	p. 65
Note-Taking and Memory Aids	p. 65
Mnemonics and Chunking	p. 67
Conclusion	p. 68
Improving Health Through the Development and Management of Habits	p. 74
Forming Habits	p. 76
Classical Conditioning	p. 77
Operant Conditioning	p. 77
Maintaining Habits	p. 78
Breaking Bad Habits	p. 84
Self-Knowledge and Personality	p. 85
Choosing the Right Environments	p. 88
Balancing Habits with Mindfulness	p. 89
Managing Barriers to Behavior Change	p. 91
Self-Monitoring and Regulating	p. 92
Managing Ups and Downs	p. 95
The Practitioner's Role	p. 98
Cultural Variations	p. 99
Practitioner Expectations	p. 99
Individual Behaviors and Larger Systems	p. 100
Conclusion	p. 101
Evaluation of Risks, Decision Making, and Outcomes	p. 108
Evaluation and Decision-Making Strategies	p. 109
A Crash Course in Bayesian Methods	p. 111
Understanding Risks and Risk Reduction	p. 115
Odds Ratios	p. 115
Risk Ratios	p. 117
Hazard Ratios	p. 118
Straight Versus Standardized Ratios	p. 120
Thinking About Study Results as a Whole and the Value of Meta-analysis	p. 121
Cumulative and Interactive Effects	p. 123
Patient Involvement in Decision-Making	p. 124
Tools for Participatory Decision Making	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 127
Relationships and Communication Between Caregivers and Patients	p. 132
Models of Practitioner-Patient Relationships	p. 133
Paternalism	p. 133
Expertise	p. 134
Consumerism	p. 134
Mutuality	p. 134
Practitioner-Patient Communication	p. 135
Physical Environment	p. 136
Verbal Communication	p. 138
Nonverbal Communication	p. 144
Desire for Information and Involvement	p. 146
Medically Relevant Information	p. 147
Negotiating the Relationship	p. 147
Empathy	p. 148
Conclusion	p. 150
Effective Collaboration with Patients-On a Tight Schedule	p. 157
Importance of the Health-Care Team	p. 157
Using Teams and Technology to Deliver Care	p. 160
Planning the Medical Visit	p. 160
Preappointment Counseling	p. 161
Interactive Health Communication (IHC)	p. 162
Group Consultations	p. 165
Technology-Based Decision-Making Aids	p. 166
Follow-Up Management	p. 167
Technology-Based Adherence Aids	p. 167
Digital Support Groups	p. 170
Conclusion	p. 171
Partening for Adherence in the Healthcare System	p. 176
Simplicity and Quality of Life	p. 180
Patient-Centered Interventions	p. 183
Encouraging Self-Efficacy	p. 185
Multifaceted Interventions to Improve Adherence	p. 187
Partening and Barriers within Health-Care Systems	p. 188
Access to Care	p. 189
What Can Health Professionals Do?	p. 190
Index	p. 196
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