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PREFACE
PRINICIPLES OF HEALTH CARE ETHICS
1. ETHICS, PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, AND HEALTH CARE ETHICS
Theories of Ethics
Key issues
Applied Ethics
The Professions and Professional Ethics
The Health Care Professions
Summary
2. PRINCIPLES OF AUTONOMY AND INFORMED CONSENT
General Formulation
Patient Autonomy: Informed Consent
Paternalism: Weak and Strong
The Consent of Children, Adolescents, and Incompetent Patients
Exceptions in Emergencies
The Right to Refuse Treatment
Problems Areas
Summary
Cases for Analysis
3. PRINCIPLES OF BENEFICENCE AND NONMALEFICENCE
Introduction
Specifications of Beneficence
Specifications of Nonmaleficence
The Patient’s Obligation
The Health Care Provider’s Obligation
The Surrogate’s Obligation
Summary
Cases for Analysis
4. THE ETHICS OF DISTRIBUTION
Introduction
A Definition of Health and Disease
Theories and Their Limits
Microallocation: Individual and Institutional Rationing
Summary
Cases for Analysis
5. PRINCIPLES OF CONFIDENTIALITY AND TRUTHFULNESS
Introduction
Truthfulness
Confidentiality
Summary
Cases for Analysis
PROBLEMS OF HEALTH CARE ETHICS
6. PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS
Introduction
Judging Quality
The Obligation to Police
Institutional Ethics
Ethics Committees
Competition and Institutional Ethics
Summary
Cases for Analysis
7. ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF DEATH AND DYING
Introduction
Ethics of the Patient
Health Care Providers and the Ethics of the Death of a Patient
Physician Initiatives
Cooperation with Active Suicide and Euthanasia
Surrogates and the Termination of Treatment
Summary
Cases for Analysis
8. ABORTION AND MATERNAL-FETAL CONFLICT
Introduction
Does the Fetus Have Rights: U.S. Law
The Definition and Types of Abortion
The Moral Status of the Fetus
The Autonomy of the Pregnant Woman
The Ethics of Abortion as a Social Phenomenon
Abortion and the Health Care Provider
Maternal_Fetal Conflict
Summary
Cases for Analysis
9. NEW METHODS OF REPRODUCTION
Introduction
Artificial Insemination and the General Problem of Assisted Reproduction
In Vitro Fertilization
Surrogate Mothers
The Charge of Artificiality
The Ethics of the Health Care Provider
A Question of Distributive Justice
Summary
Cases for Analysis
10. THE ETHICS OF TRANSPLANTS
Introduction
The Ethics of Organ Donation
The Ethics of the Recipient
The Ethics of the Health Care Team
The Health Care Provider’s Ethics of Distribution
The Society’s Ethics of Distribution
Summary
Cases for Analysis
11. THE ETHICS OF TESTING AND SCREENING
Introduction
Testing
Ethical Problems of Mass Screening
Summary
Cases for Analysis
12. THE ETHICS OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Introduction
The Ethics of the Researcher
The Ethics of the User of Research Results
Fetal Research
Genetic Therapy
Cloning
Summary
Cases for Analysis
REFERENCES
INDEX
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