Health Careers Today

by Gerdin, Judith

• ISBN13: 9780323018678
• ISBN10: 032301867X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-02-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

This valuable guide provides an introduction to the basic health care environment and a preview of various popular health careers designed to help students make informed choices based on their interest and their commitment to the educational and professional responsibilities of each health career. It gives students a realistic glimpse of various health careers available today, outlining the roles and responsibilities, levels of education and credentialing, daily functions, and key disorders and assessment tools that are involved. Clear introductory information to approximately 60 health careers is presented, providing an excellent way for students to explore the roles and responsibilities of various health care careers. The book follows the National Health Care Skill Standards, which apply to workers across the entire health care industry. An Anatomy and Physiology unit (Unit 2) clearly presents the structure and function, assessment techniques, disorders, issues, and innovations of the various anatomy and physiology systems so students can see the applications of science in various career settings. Comprehensive career chapters incorporate the skills associated with specific careers into the chapter's discussion so readers can investigate the skills, functions, and issues related to that career. Learning Objectives at the beginning of every chapter give students an idea of what they should get out of the chapter and help them focus on critical information. Lists of Key Terms for each chapter provide definitions of terms that help the reader understand the chapter more clearly. Easy-to-follow Skill Lists in many chapters present step-by-step instructions on how to perform various career or health care related tasks. Figures, boxes, and tables throughout the book highlight important points in an easy-to-read format, often providing details not incorporated in the text discussion. Terminology boxes highlight the most important terminology in the chapter, provide their definitions, and break them into parts to aid in the reader's understanding. Abbreviation boxes list frequently used abbreviations and their meanings to familiarize readers with these abbreviations. Review questions and critical-thinking questions at the end of every chapter help students memorize important facts and apply them to chapter topics. Appendices provide important and practical information that students will need throughout their health care education and career. A new chapter on careers in alternative or complementary therapies and treatments covers careers in Alternative Medical Systems, Mind-Body Interventions, Biological-Based Therapies, Manipulative and Body-Based Methods, and Energy Therapies. Career chapters have been reorganized and broken down into three topics: Careers, Content Instruction, and Performance Instruction so that similar information on careers is available in each chapter. More applications and skills have been added, with critical thinking exercises at the end of every chapter and skill resources in the workbook to further engage students. A separate chapter on Foundational Skills has been added, featuring expanded, more detailed information on the skills. Information on bioterrorism has been added to relevant chapters, and careers associated with bioterrorism are discussed in the chapter on Biotechnology Careers.

Table of Contents

Unit One Core Knowledge
Health Care of the Past, Present, and Future	2	(16)
Learning Objectives	2	(1)
Key Terms	3	(1)
Health Care of the Past	4	(2)
Health Care of the Present	6	(7)
Health Care of the Future	13	(3)
Review Questions	16	(1)
Critical Thinking	17	(1)
Interpersonal Dynamics and Communication	18	(12)
Learning Objectives	18	(1)
Key Terms	19	(1)
Interpersonal Dynamics	20	(4)
Self-Awareness	20	(1)
Hierarchy of Needs	21	(1)
Personal Health	21	(1)
Stress and Time Management	21	(2)
Problem Solving	23	(1)
Critical Thinking	23	(1)
Leadership	24	(1)
The Team	24	(1)
Communication	24	(4)
Verbal Communication	24	(3)
Nonverbal Communication	27	(1)
Review Questions	28	(1)
Critical Thinking	29	(1)
Safety Practices	30	(14)
Learning Objectives	30	(1)
Key Terms	31	(1)
Disease Transmission	32	(1)
The Infectious Process	32	(1)
Infection Control	32	(4)
Isolation Precautions	32	(2)
Principles of Asepsis	34	(2)
OBRA and OSHA Regulations	36	(1)
OBRA	36	(1)
OSHA	37	(1)
Safe Movement	37	(3)
Body Mechanics	37	(3)
Identifying and Reporting Hazards	40	(2)
Fire and Electrical Hazards	40	(1)
Hazardous Waste	41	(1)
Emergency Disaster Procedures	41	(1)
Review Questions	42	(1)
Critical Thinking	43	(1)
Legal and Ethical Principles	44	(12)
Learning Objectives	44	(1)
Key Terms	45	(2)
Professional Codes of Conduct	47	(1)
Malpractice and Liability	48	(1)
Confidentiality	48	(1)
Patient Rights	48	(1)
Legal Directives	48	(1)
Health Care and the Internet	49	(1)
Documentation	49	(5)
Review Questions	54	(1)
Critical Thinking	55	(1)
Employability Skills	56	(20)
Learning Objectives	56	(1)
Key Terms	57	(1)
Professional Organizations	58	(3)
Student Organizations	58	(2)
Parliamentary Procedure	60	(1)
Career Planning	61	(11)
Application	61	(2)
Resume	63	(1)
Interview	63	(4)
Job Satisfaction	67	(1)
Resignation	68	(4)
Continuing Education	72	(2)
Review Questions	74	(1)
Critical Thinking	75	(1)
Foundation Skills	76	(22)
Learning Objectives	76	(1)
Key Terms	77	(1)
Health Assessment	78	(12)
Patient Interview and Examination	78	(1)
Vital Signs	79	(8)
Physical Assessment	87	(3)
Information Exchange	90	(5)
Basic Math	90	(1)
Military Time	91	(1)
Graphing	91	(1)
Computer Literacy	92	(1)
Medical Terminology	92	(2)
Physician Orders	94	(1)
Emergency First Aid	95	(1)
Cardiac Arrest	95	(1)
Review Questions	96	(1)
Critical Thinking	97	(1)
Wellness, Growth, and Development	98	(20)
Learning Objectives	98	(1)
Key Terms	99	(1)
Wellness and Prevention	100	(1)
Nutrition	101	(4)
Nutrients	101	(1)
Food Groups	102	(2)
Calories	104	(1)
Diet Therapy	105	(1)
Stress Reduction	105	(3)
Identifying Stress	105	(1)
Stress Theory	106	(1)
Stress Management	107	(1)
Counseling	107	(1)
Habit Cessation	107	(1)
Exercise	107	(1)
Growth and Development	108	(6)
Physical Growth and Development	109	(1)
Psychosocial Growth and Development	109	(1)
Death and Dying	110	(4)
Review Questions	114	(1)
Critical Thinking	115	(3)
Unit Two Anatomy and Physiology
Body Organization	118	(14)
Learning Objectives	118	(1)
Key Terms	119	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	120	(3)
Cell Structure	120	(1)
Tissue Types	121	(2)
Body Systems	123	(1)
Describing the Body	123	(2)
Body Planes	123	(1)
Body Cavities	124	(1)
Body Regions	124	(1)
Cell Function	125	(2)
Cell Reproduction	125	(1)
Heredity	126	(1)
Genetic Disorders	126	(1)
Cancer	127	(1)
Issues and Innovations	127	(3)
Genetic Engineering	127	(2)
Cancer Treatments	129	(1)
Review Questions	130	(1)
Critical Thinking	131	(1)
Integumentary System	132	(12)
Learning Objectives	132	(1)
Key Terms	133	(1)
Structure and Function of the Integumentary System	134	(2)
Skin	134	(2)
Hair and Hair Follicles	136	(1)
Glands	136	(1)
Nails	136	(1)
Assessment Techniques	136	(1)
Disorders of the Integumentary System	136	(4)
Issues and Innovations	140	(2)
Skin and Hair Care	140	(1)
Sun and Skin Cancer	140	(2)
Review Questions	142	(1)
Critical Thinking	143	(1)
Cardiovascular System	144	(16)
Learning Objectives	144	(1)
Key Terms	145	(1)
Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System	146	(4)
Heart	146	(3)
Blood Vessels	149	(1)
Path of the Blood Through the Heart	150	(1)
Assessment Techniques	150	(2)
Pulse	150	(1)
Blood Pressure	150	(1)
Heart Sounds	151	(1)
Cardiac Output	151	(1)
Electrocardiogram	151	(1)
Echocardiography	152	(1)
Cardiac Catheterization	152	(1)
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System	152	(3)
Issues and Innovations	155	(3)
Heart Replacement	155	(2)
Cholesterol Controversy	157	(1)
Review Questions	158	(1)
Critical Thinking	159	(1)
Circulatory System	160	(16)
Learning Objectives	160	(1)
Key Terms	161	(1)
Structure and Function of the Circulatory System	162	(3)
Blood	162	(1)
Red Blood Cells	162	(1)
White Blood Cells	163	(1)
Platelets	164	(1)
Plasma	164	(1)
Blood Typing	164	(1)
Lymph and Lymphatic Tissues	165	(1)
Immunity	166	(3)
Assessment Techniques	169	(1)
Disorders of the Circulatory System	169	(3)
Issues and Innovations	172	(2)
Transfusion	172	(1)
Interferon	173	(1)
Monoclonal Antibodies	173	(1)
Review Questions	174	(1)
Critical Thinking	175	(1)
Respiratory System	176	(10)
Learning Objectives	176	(1)
Key Terms	177	(1)
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System	178	(1)
Assessment Techniques	179	(2)
Rate	180	(1)
Character	180	(1)
Sounds	180	(1)
Lung Volume	180	(1)
Blood Gases	180	(1)
Disorders of the Respiratory System	181	(2)
Issues and Innovations	183	(1)
Tobacco Issues	183	(1)
Environmental Health Risks	183	(1)
Review Questions	184	(1)
Critical Thinking	185	(1)
Skeletal System	186	(16)
Learning Objectives	186	(1)
Key Terms	187	(1)
Structure and Function of the Skeletal System	188	(2)
Types of Bones	190	(5)
Skull	190	(1)
Teeth	191	(1)
Thorax	192	(1)
Vertebral Column	193	(1)
Long Bones of the Extremities	194	(1)
Bone Markings	195	(1)
Joints	195	(1)
Assessment Techniques	196	(1)
Disorders of the Skeletal System	196	(2)
Issues and Innovations	198	(2)
Progress in Dental Care	198	(1)
Bone Substitutes and Repairs	198	(2)
Review Questions	200	(1)
Critical Thinking	201	(1)
Muscular System	202	(12)
Learning Objectives	202	(1)
Key Terms	203	(1)
Structure and Function of the Muscular System	204	(1)
Types of Muscle Tissue	205	(3)
Skeletal Muscle	205	(1)
Visceral Muscle	206	(1)
Cardiac Muscle	207	(1)
How Muscles Contract	208	(2)
Types of Muscle Contraction	210	(1)
Assessment Techniques	210	(1)
Disorders of the Muscular System	210	(1)
Issues and Innovations	211	(1)
Sports Medicine	211	(1)
Fitness Fad	211	(1)
Review Questions	212	(1)
Critical Thinking	213	(1)
Digestive System	214	(14)
Learning Objectives	214	(1)
Key Terms	215	(1)
Structure and Function of the Digestive System	216	(1)
Organs of the Digestive Process	216	(3)
Mouth	216	(1)
Pharynx	217	(1)
Esophagus	217	(1)
Stomach	217	(1)
Small Intestine	218	(1)
Large Intestine	219	(1)
Peritoneum	219	(1)
Accessory Organs of the Digestive System	219	(1)
Assessment Techniques	220	(1)
Radiography	220	(1)
Endoscopy	220	(1)
Gastric Analysis	220	(1)
Fecal Analysis	220	(1)
Palpation and Auscultation	220	(1)
Disorders of the Digestive System	221	(2)
Issues and Innovations	223	(3)
Food-Borne Illness	223	(1)
Eating Disorders	223	(1)
Designer Foods	223	(3)
Review Questions	226	(1)
Critical Thinking	227	(1)
Urinary System	228	(12)
Learning Objectives	228	(1)
Key Terms	229	(1)
Structure and Function of the Urinary System	230	(3)
Kidneys	230	(1)
Ureters	231	(1)
Bladder	231	(1)
Urethra	231	(2)
Urine Formation	233	(1)
Assessment Techniques	233	(1)
Urinalysis	233	(1)
Other Examinations	234	(1)
Disorders of the Urinary System	234	(1)
Issues and Innovations	235	(3)
Dialysis	235	(1)
Kidney Transplant	236	(1)
Lithotripsy	236	(2)
Review Questions	238	(1)
Critical Thinking	239	(1)
Endocrine System	240	(12)
Learning Objectives	240	(1)
Key Terms	241	(1)
Structure and Function of the Endocrine System	242	(1)
Glands and Their Hormones	243	(2)
Hypothalamus	243	(1)
Pituitary	243	(1)
Pineal Body	244	(1)
Thyroid	244	(1)
Parathyroid	244	(1)
Thymus	244	(1)
Pancreas	245	(1)
Adrenal Glands	245	(1)
Gonads	245	(1)
Prostaglandins	245	(1)
Hormonal Changes of Puberty	245	(1)
Hormonal Changes of Pregnancy	245	(1)
Hormonal Changes of Menopause	246	(1)
Assessment Techniques	246	(1)
Disorders of the Endocrine System	246	(2)
Issues and Innovations	248	(2)
Steroid Abuse	248	(2)
Review Questions	250	(1)
Critical Thinking	251	(1)
Nervous System	252	(16)
Learning Objectives	252	(1)
Key Terms	253	(1)
Structure and Function of the Nervous System	254	(6)
Neuron	256	(2)
Neuroglia	258	(1)
Synapse	258	(1)
Ganglia	258	(1)
Plexus and Dermatome	258	(1)
Brain	259	(1)
Assessment Techniques	260	(1)
Disorders of the Nervous System	261	(3)
Issues and Innovations	264	(2)
Memory Research	264	(1)
Parkinson's Correction	265	(1)
Review Questions	266	(1)
Critical Thinking	267	(1)
Sensory System	268	(12)
Learning Objectives	268	(1)
Key Terms	269	(1)
Structure and Function of the Sensory System	270	(4)
Eye	270	(1)
Ear	271	(1)
Tongue	272	(1)
Nose	273	(1)
Skin	273	(1)
Assessment Techniques	274	(1)
Sight	274	(1)
Hearing	275	(1)
Disorders of the Sensory System	275	(2)
Issues and Innovations	277	(1)
Vision Correction by Surgery	277	(1)
Noise Pollution	277	(1)
Review Questions	278	(1)
Critical Thinking	279	(1)
Reproductive System	280	(18)
Learning Objectives	280	(1)
Key Terms	281	(1)
Structure and Function of the Reproductive System	282	(2)
Male Organs of Reproduction	283	(1)
Female Organs of Reproduction	284	(1)
Menstrual Cycle	284	(2)
Pregnancy	286	(1)
Labor and Delivery	286	(1)
Growth and Development	286	(1)
Assessment Techniques	287	(1)
Disorders of the Reproductive System	288	(3)
Issues and Innovations	291	(3)
Alternatives in Conception	291	(2)
Infertility	293	(1)
Redefining the Sexes	293	(1)
Review Questions	294	(1)
Critical Thinking	295	(3)
Unit Three Career Clusters
Laboratory Careers	298	(22)
Learning Objectives	298	(1)
Key Terms	299	(1)
Careers	300	(4)
Clinical Laboratory Science	300	(3)
Blood Banking	303	(1)
Life Science	303	(1)
Content Instruction	304	(7)
Microbiology	304	(2)
Epidemiology	306	(3)
Secretions Analysis	309	(2)
Defense Systems of the Body	311	(1)
Performance Instruction	311	(7)
Review Questions	318	(1)
Critical Thinking	319	(1)
Imaging Careers	320	(12)
Learning Objectives	320	(1)
Key Terms	321	(1)
Careers	322	(2)
Medical Imaging	322	(2)
Related Imaging Personnel	324	(1)
Content Instruction	324	(2)
Performance Instruction	326	(4)
Review Questions	330	(1)
Critical Thinking	331	(1)
Nursing Careers	332	(24)
Learning Objectives	332	(1)
Key Terms	333	(1)
Careers	334	(2)
Registered Nurse	334	(1)
Licensed Practical Nurse	335	(1)
Nurse Assistant	335	(1)
Content Instruction	336	(4)
Fluid Balance	336	(1)
Personal Care	336	(4)
Unit Maintenance	340	(1)
Performance Instruction	340	(14)
Review Questions	354	(1)
Critical Thinking	355	(1)
Medical Careers	356	(18)
Learning Objectives	356	(1)
Key Terms	357	(1)
Careers	358	(4)
Physicians	358	(2)
Other Medical Care Providers	360	(1)
Support Personnel	361	(1)
Content Instruction	362	(4)
Vision	362	(4)
Electrocardiogram	366	(1)
Performance Instruction	366	(6)
Physical Examination and Treatment	366	(4)
Vision Assessment	370	(1)
Electrocardiogram	370	(2)
Review Questions	372	(1)
Critical Thinking	373	(1)
Dental Careers	374	(18)
Learning Objectives	374	(1)
Key Terms	375	(1)
Careers	376	(3)
Dentist	376	(1)
Dental Hygienist	377	(1)
Dental Assistant	378	(1)
Dental Laboratory Technician	378	(1)
Content Instruction	379	(4)
Maintaining Dental Health	379	(2)
Structures of the Oral Cavity	381	(1)
Tooth Formation	381	(1)
Structures of the Tooth	381	(2)
Types of Teeth	383	(1)
Identification of Teeth	383	(1)
Performance Instruction	383	(7)
Review Questions	390	(1)
Critical Thinking	391	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Careers	392	(10)
Learning Objectives	392	(1)
Key Terms	393	(1)
Careers	394	(3)
Chiropractor	395	(1)
Naturopath	396	(1)
Other Complementary and Alternative Practitioners	396	(1)
Content Instruction	397	(1)
Alternative Medical Systems	397	(1)
Mind-Body Intervention	398	(1)
Biological-Based Therapy	398	(1)
Energy Therapy	398	(1)
Performance Instruction	398	(2)
Review Questions	400	(1)
Critical Thinking	401	(1)
Veterinary Careers	402	(20)
Learning Objectives	402	(1)
Key Terms	403	(1)
Careers	404	(4)
Veterinarian	404	(1)
Veterinary Technician	405	(1)
Veterinary Assistant	406	(1)
Animal Caretaker	407	(1)
Animal Breeder	407	(1)
Marine Biologist	407	(1)
Content Instruction	408	(3)
Animals as Pets	408	(3)
Animals in Health Care	411	(1)
Animal Disorders	411	(1)
Performance Instruction	411	(9)
Daily Care and Assessment	411	(5)
Treatment Techniques	416	(4)
Review Questions	420	(1)
Critical Thinking	421	(1)
Community and Social Careers	422	(16)
Learning Objectives	422	(1)
Key Terms	423	(1)
Careers	424	(4)
Community Health Providers	424	(3)
Social Care Providers	427	(1)
Content Instruction	428	(7)
Substance Abuse	428	(5)
Public Health Resources	433	(2)
Performance Instruction	435	(1)
Review Questions	436	(1)
Critical Thinking	437	(1)
Mental Health Careers	438	(10)
Learning Objectives	438	(1)
Key Terms	439	(1)
Careers	440	(2)
Psychiatrist	441	(1)
Psychologist	441	(1)
Support Personnel	441	(1)
Content Instruction	442	(2)
Mental Health	442	(1)
Mental Hygiene	443	(1)
Performance Instruction	444	(2)
Restraint	444	(1)
Reality Orientation	445	(1)
Review Questions	446	(1)
Critical Thinking	447	(1)
Rehabilitative Careers	448	(18)
Learning Objectives	448	(1)
Key Terms	449	(1)
Careers	450	(7)
Physical Therapist	450	(2)
Orthotist and Prosthetist	452	(1)
Occupational Therapist	453	(1)
Athletic Trainer	454	(1)
Pharmacist	454	(1)
Speech and Language Pathologist	454	(1)
Respiratory Therapist	455	(1)
Other Rehabilitative Personnel	456	(1)
Content Instruction	457	(4)
Pharmacology	457	(1)
Speech Pathology	458	(2)
Hearing	460	(1)
Respiratory Therapies	460	(1)
Performance Instruction	461	(3)
Application of Heat and Cold	461	(1)
Crutch Walking	462	(1)
Medication Calculations	462	(1)
Testing Hearing	462	(2)
Review Questions	464	(1)
Critical Thinking	465	(1)
Emergency Health Careers	466	(22)
Learning Objectives	466	(1)
Key Terms	467	(1)
Careers	468	(2)
Emergency Medical Technician	469	(1)
Other Emergency Personnel	470	(1)
Content Instruction	470	(11)
Emergency Procedures	470	(1)
Emergency Assessment and Treatment	471	(1)
Wounds	471	(3)
Burns	474	(1)
Poisoning	475	(1)
Shock	476	(1)
Fractures	476	(2)
Temperature Alteration	478	(1)
Miscellaneous Injuries	479	(1)
Marine Injuries	480	(1)
Medical Conditions	481	(1)
Performance Instruction	481	(5)
Review Questions	486	(1)
Critical Thinking	487	(1)
Information and Administration Careers	488	(20)
Learning Objectives	488	(1)
Key Terms	489	(1)
Careers	490	(9)
Heath Service Managers	490	(3)
Support Personnel	493	(3)
Medical Records Personnel	496	(2)
Health Information and Communication	498	(1)
Content Instruction	499	(6)
Office Management	499	(1)
Records Management	500	(3)
Methods of Payment	503	(2)
Performance Instruction	505	(1)
Review Questions	506	(1)
Critical Thinking	507	(1)
Environmental Careers	508	(20)
Learning Objectives	508	(1)
Key Terms	509	(2)
Careers	511	(6)
Nutrition Services	511	(1)
Environmental Control	512	(2)
Other Support Service Personnel	514	(3)
Content Instruction	517	(4)
Environmental Resources and Hazards	517	(4)
Performance Instruction	521	(5)
Food Preparation	521	(2)
Water Analysis	523	(1)
Instrument Maintenance	523	(3)
Review Questions	526	(1)
Critical Thinking	527	(1)
Biotechnology Careers	528	(34)
Learning Objectives	528	(1)
Key Terms	529	(1)
Careers	530	(3)
Biotechnologist	530	(2)
Support Personnel	532	(1)
Content Instruction	533	(4)
Cell Genetics	533	(3)
Techinques of Biotechnology	536	(1)
Performance Instruction	537	(3)
Electrophoresis	537	(3)
Review Questions	540	(1)
Critical Thinking	541	(1)
Appendixes
I Common Prefixes, Word Roots, and Suffixes	542	(8)
II Abbreviations and Symbols	550	(10)
III Vitamins and Minerals	560	(2)
Glossary	562