Health Fitness Instructor's Handbook

by Howley, Edward T.

• ISBN13: 9780736042109
• ISBN10: 0736042105
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-03-01
• Publisher: Human Kinetics

Summary

>Health Fitness Instructor's Handbook, Fourth Edition,> is the most comprehensive and up-to-date book available for health and fitness professionals who want to learn about the latest advances in physical fitness. It provides the latest information on the fundamentals of fitness, exercise physiology, and biomechanics. Used in the ACSM Health Fitness Instructor Workshops since 1986, it will help you develop meaningful and safe fitness programs, including exercise for special populations. It will also help you prepare for the ACSM Health Fitness Instructor Certification Examination.Expanded and now in full color, this edition has been updated to reflect the 2000 ACSM guidelines and positions, ensuring that test takers-and field users-have current credentials. Also included in this new edition is a new emphasis on the clinical aspects of exercise science.Respected exercise scientists Howley and Franks have enhanced the fourth edition with the following features:--Heavier focus on assessment, testing, and calibrating testing equipment for more meaningful programs and to ensure participant safety-Greatly expanded coverage of exercise prescription for special populations-including clients with special needs and health conditions, youth, and the elderly-New and reorganized chapters on muscular fitness assessment and guidelines for strength and muscular endurance training-Reprintable forms and checklists that you can easily fit into your own fitness environment or use to construct your own forms-Full-color illustrations and photos-Highlighted research that makes it easy to find new theories and current issues in the fieldThis text is an indispensable reference full of practical advice for every health and fitness student, candidate preparing for the ACSM Health Fitness Instructor Certification Exam, and practicing professional.

Table of Contents

Part I Activity, Fitness, and Health
Physical Activity and Health	3	(14)
The Best of Times and Worst of Times for Physical Activity Professionals
Connections Between Physical Activity and Health
What We Know About Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
Physical Activity and Prevention of Premature Health Problems
Implications for Fitness Professionals
What Is Necessary to Promote Physical Activity
Case Studies
Physical Fitness and Performance	17	(8)
Physical Fitness Goals
Performance Goals
Components of Physical Fitness and Performance
Behaviors That Support Fitness and Performance Components
Common Behaviors for Fitness and Health
Setting Fitness Goals
Taking Control of Personal Health Status
Case Study
Health Appraisal	25	(16)
Evaluating Health Status
Making Decisions Based on Health Status
Change of Health/Fitness Status
Case Studies
Part II Evaluation of Fitness
Energy Costs of Physical Activity	41	(24)
Ways to Measure Energy Expenditure
Ways to Express Energy Expenditure
Equations for Estimating the Energy Cost of Activities
Energy Requirements of Walking, Running, Cycle Ergometry, and Stepping
Energy Requirements of Other Activities
Case Studies
Cardiorespiratory Fitness	65	(32)
Why Test Cardiorespiratory Fitness?
Risks of CRF Testing
Testing Sequence
Field Tests
Graded Exercise Tests
Common Variables Measured During a GXT
Procedures for Graded Exercise Testing
When to Use Submaximal and Maximal Tests
Case Studies
Appendix
Body Composition	97	(14)
Health and Body Composition
Methods for Assessing Body Composition
Calculating Target Body Weight
Case Study
Nutrition	111	(18)
Six Classes of Essential Nutrients
Assessing Dietary Intake
Recommendations for Dietary Intake
Diet, Exercise, and the Blood Lipid Profile
Nutrition for Physically Active Individuals
Case Study
Assessment of Muscular Fitness	129	(16)
Preliminary Considerations
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Special Considerations: Older Adults
Special Considerations: Coronary Prone Clients
Conclusions
Case Study
Flexibility and Low Back Function	145	(18)
Factors Affecting ROM
ROM and Low Back Function
Measuring Spine and Hip-Joint ROM
Case Studies
Appendix
Part III Exercise Prescription for Health and Fitness
Exercise Prescription for Cardiorespiratory Fitness	163	(26)
Prescribing Exercise
Short- and Long-Term Responses to Exercise
Public Health Recommendations for Physical Activity
General Guidelines for CRF Programs
Formulating the Exercise Prescription
Determining Intensity
Exercise Recommendations for the Untested Masses
Exercise Programming for the Fit Population
Exercise Prescriptions Using Complete GXT Results
Program Selection
Environmental Concerns
Exercise and Cold Exposure
Effect of Air Pollution
Effect of Altitude
Case Studies
Exercise Prescription for Weight Management	189	(14)
Increasing Prevalence of Obesity in The United States
Etiology of Obesity
Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Behavior Modification Techniques for Weight Loss and Maintenance
Gimmicks and Gadgets for Weight Loss
Disordered Eating Patterns
Strategies for Gaining Weight
Case Study
Exercise Prescription for Muscular Strength and Endurance Training	203	(32)
Fundamental Principles
Program Design Consideration
Types of Strength Training
Modes of Strength Training
Safety Issues
Strength Training Guidelines
Overreaching and Overtraining
Strength Training Systems
Strength Training for Special Populations
Exercise Prescription Summary for Strength Training
Case Studies
Appendix
Exercise Prescription for Flexibility and Low Back Function	235	(26)
Anatomy of the Spine
Spinal Movement
Mechanics of the Spine and Hip Joint
Low Back Pain: A Repetitive Microtrauma Injury
Exercise Considerations: Preventive and Therapeutic
An Examination of Exercises That Involve Muscles of the Spine
An Examination of Exercises That Involve the Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Prophylactic Exercises for Enhancing Low Back Function
Case Studies
Appendix
Exercise Leadership for Health and Fitness	261	(24)
Effective Leadership
Progression of Activities
Walk/Jog/Run Programs
Games
Aquatic Activities
Exercising to Music
Exercise Equipment
Circuit Training
Case Studies
Part IV Special Populations
Exercise and Children and Youth	285	(8)
Response to Exercise
Special Considerations
Testing
Recommendations for Physical Activity
Case Studies
Exercise and Older Adults	293	(12)
Overview
Effects of Aging on Fitness
Special Considerations Regarding Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Epilogue
Case Study
Exercise and Coronary Heart Disease	305	(10)
Atherosclerosis
Populations in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs
Evidence That Exercise Training Plays a Role
Special Diagnostic Tests to Detect CHD
Typical Exercise Prescription
Case Studies
Exercise and Obesity	315	(6)
Overview
Potential Causes
Role of Physical Activity in Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
Special Medical Screening
Exercise Prescription
Case Study
Exercise and Diabetes	321	(8)
Overview
Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Screening and Testing Diabetic Clients
Typical Exercise Prescription
Case Study
Exercise, Asthma, and Pulmonary Disease	329	(8)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Restrictive Lung Diseases
Evidence That Exercise Plays a Role
Testing and Evaluation
Typical Exercise Prescription in Pulmonary Diseases
Medications for Pulmonary Diseases
Case Studies
Exercise and Women's Health	337	(10)
Pregnancy and Exercise
Osteoporosis
Female Athlete Triad
Case Study
Part V Exercise Programming
Behavior Modification	347	(16)
Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
Promoting Exercise: Targeting Precontemplators and Contemplators
Methods of Behavior Change
Relapse Prevention
Health Fitness Counseling
Case Studies
Exercise and Stress	363	(10)
Stress Continua
Physical Activity and Stress
Relationship Between Stress and Health
Recommendations for Maintaining Healthy Stress Levels
Teaching People to Relax
Case Study
Exercise Related to ECG and Medications	373	(20)
Understanding the Structure of the Heart
Oxygen Use by the Heart
Electrophysiology of the Heart
Conduction System of the Heart
Basic Information for Interpreting the ECG
Cardiovascular Medications
Case Studies
Injury Prevention and Treatment	393	(28)
Preventing Injuries
Injury Treatment
Environmental Concerns
Medical Concerns
Common Orthopedic Problems
CPR and Emergency Procedures
Rescue Breathing, CPR, and Use of the Automated External Defibrillator
Case Studies
Program Administration/Management	421	(22)
Setting Long-Range Goals
Managing Personnel
Developing a Successful Program
Program Delivery
Safety and Legal Concerns
Developing a Budget
Keeping Records
Evaluating the Program
Case Studies
Part VI Scientific Foundations
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics	443	(32)
Understanding Skeletal Anatomy
Structure and Function of the Joints
Factors That Determine Direction and Range of Motion
Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle
Tips for Exercising Muscle Groups and Some Common Exercise Mistakes
Muscle Group Involvement in Selected Activities
Basic Mechanical Concepts Related to Human Movement
Common Mechanical Errors During Locomotion, Throwing, and Striking
Case Studies
Exercise Physiology	475	(30)
Relationship of Energy and Work
Understanding Muscle Structure and Function
Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Responses to Exercise
Graded Exercise Test
Effects of Endurance Training and Detraining on Physiological Responses to Exercise
Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise for Females and Males
Cardiovascular Responses to Isometric Exercise and Weightlifting
Regulating Body Temperature
Case Studies
Appendix A: Case Study Answers	505	(10)
Appendix B: Calculation of Oxygen Uptake and Carbon Dioxide Production	515	(4)
Appendix C: Energy Costs of Various Physical Activities	519	(16)
Appendix D: Medications and Their Effects	535	(8)
Appendix E: Evaluation of Fitness	543	(3)
Glossary	546	(13)
Credits	559	(3)
Index	562	(9)
About the Authors	571