Health Promotion in Nursing

by Maville, Janice A.; Huerta, Carolina G.

• ISBN13: 9780827380080
• ISBN10: 0827380089
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-08-10
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

Promoting health is the essence of nursing itself. The scope of nursing has expanded beyond basic skills required for restoration of health. It is shifting from a biomedical approach to one that emphasizes health and wellness with recognition of individual choice, partnering with clients, and incorporation of multidisciplinary approaches.-- Provides coverage of health promotion for the Health Professional usually not seen in a book on health promotion. These include stressors that affect nursing professionals such as the aging clientele, aging nursing workforce, nursing shortage, role conflict, and change.-- Focuses reader's attention on the health promotion needs of not only the client but of professionals as well.-- Utilization of the nursing process in developing a health promotion plan for the health care professional provides a unique approach to resolving or preventing health promotion problems in the professional's career.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xii
Reviewers	xiv
Preface	xv
SECTION I CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES	1	(74)
Health Promotion: Past, Present, and Future
Defining Health Promotion	2	(2)
Health Education	3	(1)
Health Promotion	3	(1)
Health Promotion: Past	4	(6)
Contributions to Health Promotion from Ancient Cultures	4	(1)
Babylonia	4	(1)
Greece	4	(1)
Egypt	5	(1)
Palestine	5	(1)
Rome	5	(2)
China	7	(1)
The Middle Ages, Renaissance, Early and Modern America	7	(1)
Health Promotion in the Middle Ages (500-1500 A.D.)	7	(1)
The Renaissance and Early America (1500--1800 A.D.)	8	(1)
The Social Mandate for Health Promotion (1800--1900 A.D.)	8	(1)
The First Movement	8	(1)
The Second Movement	8	(1)
The Third Movement	9	(1)
Sociopolitical Influences for Health Promotion in the 20th Century	10	(1)
Health Reform	10	(1)
Federal Government Involvement in Health Care	10	(1)
Medicaid and Medicare	11	(1)
Initiatives for Health Promotion in the 20th Century	11	(1)
Canadian Influence on Health Promotion	12	(1)
The United States and National Goals for Health	12	(1)
Nursing Practice and Health Promotion	12	(3)
Changes in Nursing Practice	13	(1)
Changes in Nursing Policy	13	(2)
Health Promotion: Where Is It Going?	15	(1)
Forces Shaping the Future of Health Promotion	15	(1)
A Framework for Thinking About the Future	15	(1)
Facilitating Your Future in Health Promotion	16	(1)
Summary	16	(2)
Nursing Concepts and Health Promotion
Professional Nursing Practice and Health Promotion	18	(3)
Nursing's Metaparadigm	21	(1)
Defining Nursing	21	(1)
Person, Environment, Health, and Nursing	22	(4)
Person	22	(1)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	23	(1)
Environment	23	(2)
Health	25	(1)
Definitions of Health	25	(1)
Nursing	26	(1)
Nursing as a Profession	26	(1)
Integrating Health Promotion Concepts into Nursing Practice	26	(2)
Assumptions	26	(2)
Theoretical Foundations	28	(2)
Systems Theory	29	(1)
Adaptation Theory	29	(1)
Needs Theory	29	(1)
Transcultural Theory	30	(1)
Organizing Nursing Theory	30	(1)
Nursing's Metaparadigm and Nursing Theory	30	(1)
Summary	31	(6)
Theoretical Foundations and Planning for Health Promotion
Clarifying Terms	37	(2)
Wellness	38	(1)
Disease Prevention and Health Protection	38	(1)
Health Promotion	39	(1)
Theoretical Foundations	39	(1)
Theories of Human Behavior	39	(3)
Theory of Planned Behavior	39	(2)
Theory of Social Behavior	41	(1)
Theories of Human Behavior and Health	42	(3)
Health Belief Model	42	(1)
Protection Motivation Theory	42	(1)
Human Ecological Model	42	(3)
Health Promotion Models	45	(4)
Tannahill Model of Health Promotion	46	(1)
Pender Model of Health Promotion	46	(1)
O'Donnell Model of Health Promotion Behavior	46	(3)
Developing a Health Promotion Plan	49	(1)
Assessment and Data Collection	49	(1)
Planning and Implementation	50	(1)
Evaluation	50	(1)
Chapter Summary	50	(3)
The Role of the Nurse in Health Promotion
Domains Fundamental to Nursing Practice in Health Promotion	53	(4)
Biological	54	(1)
Psychological	54	(1)
Sociological	55	(1)
Environmental	55	(1)
Political	55	(1)
Spiritual	56	(1)
Intellectual	56	(1)
Sexual	57	(1)
Holistic Philosophy	57	(1)
Holistic Nursing Practice	57	(1)
Roles of the Nurse in Health Promotion	58	(2)
Advocate	58	(1)
Educator	58	(1)
Empowering Agent	58	(1)
Consultant	58	(1)
Coordinator of Care	59	(1)
Leader / Member of the Profession	59	(1)
Proactive Change Agent	59	(1)
Provider of Care / Caregiver	59	(1)
Research User and Health Promotion Models Researcher	59	(1)
Role Model	59	(1)
Overview of the Nursing Process	60	(5)
Assessment (Acquiring Information)	60	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis	61	(1)
Planning	61	(1)
Implementation	61	(4)
Evaluation	65	(1)
Nursing Process and Health Promotion for the Individual, Families, and Aggregates	65	(1)
Individual	65	(1)
Family	65	(1)
Aggregate	65	(1)
Risk Factors and Health Promotion	65	(5)
Environment	69	(1)
Work	69	(1)
Socioeconomic Level	70	(1)
Education	70	(1)
Gender	70	(1)
Cultural and Spiritual Influences	70	(1)
Current Factors Affecting Nursing Roles in Health Promotion	70	(2)
Health Care System	71	(1)
Nursing Roles	71	(1)
Increasing Technology	71	(1)
Economic Environment	72	(1)
Individual Behavior	72	(1)
Summary	72	(3)
SECTION II FACTORS RELATED TO HEALTH PROMOTION	75	(86)
Communication: A Cornerstone In Health Promotion
Communication and Nursing	77	(3)
The Message	77	(1)
Encoding	78	(1)
The Channel	79	(1)
Decoding	79	(1)
Feedback	80	(1)
Context	80	(1)
Types of Communication	80	(6)
Verbal Communication	80	(3)
Nonverbal Communication	83	(1)
Personal Presentation	83	(1)
Proxemics	84	(1)
Kinesics	85	(1)
Touch	85	(1)
Paralanguage	86	(1)
Vocalizations That Alter the Quality of Verbal Messages	86	(1)
Communication and the Therapeutic Relationship	86	(5)
Communication in Selected Nursing Theories	86	(1)
Peplau	86	(1)
Travelbee	86	(1)
King	87	(1)
Orem	87	(1)
Nurse Characteristics That Promote Communication	88	(1)
Unconditional Positive Regard	88	(1)
Empathy	88	(1)
Authenticity and Genuineness	88	(1)
Caring	88	(1)
Specific Techniques That Promote Communication	88	(3)
Using Communication for Health Promotion	91	(3)
Communication and Healthy People 2000	91	(1)
The Health Promotion Model and Communication	91	(1)
Empowering Through Communication	92	(1)
What to Teach	92	(1)
When to Teach	92	(1)
How to Teach	92	(2)
Chapter Summary	94	(2)
Cultural Considerations for Health Promotion
The Concept of Culture	96	(7)
What Is Culture?	96	(2)
Worldviews	98	(1)
Particular Group	98	(1)
Race	98	(1)
Ethnicity	99	(1)
Religion	100	(1)
Nationality	100	(1)
Labels	101	(1)
Cultural Pride	101	(1)
Cultural Competence	102	(1)
Cultural Assessment Tools	103	(7)
Demographics / Individual Profile / Identifying Information	103	(1)
Name	104	(1)
Gender	104	(1)
Religion/Spiritual Faith	104	(1)
Race(s)	104	(1)
Ethnicity	104	(1)
Date of Birth/Age	105	(1)
Birthplace/Where Raised	105	(1)
Marital Status	105	(1)
Generation in the United States	105	(1)
Years in the United States	105	(1)
Language(s) Spoken, Primary Language, and Preferred Language	105	(1)
Education	106	(1)
Occupation	106	(1)
Cultural Domains	106	(1)
General Cultural Life Patterns or Lifestyle	106	(1)
Cultural Values, Norms, and Expressions of an Individual or Cultural Group	106	(1)
Cultural Taboos and Myths	107	(1)
Worldview and Ethnocentric Tendencies	107	(1)
Cultural Diversities, Similarities, and Variations	108	(1)
Life-Caring Rituals and Rites of Passage	108	(1)
Lay, Folk, and Professional Wellness-Illness Cultural Systems	108	(1)
Specific Caring Behaviors and Nursing Care Values, Beliefs, and Practices	109	(1)
Cultural Changes and Acculturation	110	(1)
Cultural Competence in a Multicultural Society	110	(1)
Cultural Cataloguing	111	(1)
Summary	111	(4)
Environmental Factors Related to Health Promotion
Problem Identification	115	(1)
The Body's Response to Environmental Influences	116	(2)
Sources of Pollution Exposure	118	(18)
Air Pollution	118	(1)
Indoor Air	118	(2)
Indoor Air Quality Management	120	(1)
Outdoor Air	121	(1)
Health promotion and Nursing Interventions for Air Quality	122	(1)
Water and Soil Pollution	122	(1)
Health Promotion and Nursing Interventions for Water and Soil Quality	123	(2)
Sound Pollution	125	(1)
Health Promotion and Nursing Interventions Related to Sound	126	(1)
Light and Health	127	(1)
Health Promotion and Interventions Related to Light	128	(1)
Space and Health	129	(1)
Health Promotion and Nursing Interventions Related to Space	130	(1)
Related to Space	130	(1)
Color and Health	130	(1)
Scent and Health	131	(1)
Workplace Safety and Health	132	(3)
Feng Shui	135	(1)
Environmental Disasters	136	(7)
Natural Disasters	137	(1)
Technological Disasters	138	(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	138	(1)
Health Promotion and Interventions for Environmental Disasters	139	(1)
Preparedness for Natural Disasters	140	(1)
Cultural Aspects of Environmental Risks	141	(1)
Environmental Protection Groups	141	(2)
Environmental Research and Policy Considerations	143	(1)
Summary	143	(3)
The Mind-Body Connection with the Promotion of Health
The Physiological Basis	146	(5)
The Nervous System	146	(1)
The Neuropeptides	147	(1)
The Endocrine System	147	(1)
The Immune System	148	(2)
Modulation Between the Neuroendocrine and Immune System	150	(1)
The Role of Stress	151	(1)
Psychoneuroimmunology Research	152	(6)
The Effect of Negative Life Stressors	153	(1)
Examination Stress	153	(1)
Bereavement	153	(1)
Childbirth	154	(1)
Chronic Stress	154	(1)
The Effect of Stress on Disease	155	(1)
Depression Factors	155	(1)
Oral Gingivitis	155	(1)
Psychocutaneous Disease	155	(1)
Neoplastic Diseases	156	(1)
Cancer Survival	156	(1)
Rheumatic Arthritis	156	(1)
Surgery	156	(1)
The Effect of Various Stress Management Techniques on Immunoenhancement	157	(1)
Social Support	157	(1)
Relaxation	157	(1)
Hypnosis	158	(1)
Controversies Related to These Studies	158	(1)
Nursing Implications	158	(1)
Summary	159	(2)
SECTION III PROMOTING HEALTH THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE	161	(90)
Promoting Health of the Infant and Child
The Infant and Toddler	163	(14)
Biological Domain	163	(1)
Nutrition	163	(2)
Elimination	165	(1)
Sleep and Activity	166	(1)
Immunization	167	(2)
Screening	169	(2)
Psychological Domain	171	(1)
Cognitive Development	171	(1)
Emotional Development	172	(1)
Social Domain	173	(1)
Family	173	(1)
Day Care	173	(1)
Child Abuse and Neglect	173	(1)
Cultural Influences	174	(1)
Political	174	(1)
WIC Program	174	(1)
Safety Legislation	174	(1)
Environmental	175	(1)
Sexual Domain	175	(1)
Spiritual	176	(1)
The Preschool and School-age Child	177	(8)
Biological	177	(1)
Nutrition	177	(1)
Elimination	178	(1)
Sleep and Activity	178	(2)
Immunization	180	(1)
Screening	180	(1)
Psychological Domain	181	(1)
Social Domain	182	(1)
Relationships	182	(1)
Television	182	(1)
Cultural Influences	183	(1)
Political Domain	183	(1)
Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment	183	(1)
National School Lunch Program	183	(1)
Environmental Domain	184	(1)
Sexual Domain	185	(1)
Spiritual Domain	185	(1)
Summary	185	(3)
Promoting Health In the Adolescent and the Young Adult
The Adolescent	188	(14)
Biological Domain	188	(1)
Puberty	188	(2)
Nutrition	190	(2)
Activity	192	(1)
Screening	192	(3)
Psychological	195	(1)
Cognitive Development	195	(1)
Emotional Development	196	(1)
Social Domain	197	(1)
Family	197	(1)
Peers	197	(1)
Abuse	198	(1)
Culture	198	(1)
Political Domain	199	(1)
Environmental Domain	199	(1)
Accidents	199	(2)
Violence	201	(1)
Sexual Domain	201	(1)
Adolescent Pregnancy	201	(1)
Spiritual Domain	202	(1)
The Young Adult	202	(10)
Biological	202	(1)
Nutrition	202	(1)
Exercise	203	(1)
Skin Cancer Prevention	203	(1)
Rest	204	(1)
Screening	204	(2)
Psychological	206	(1)
Cognitive Development	206	(1)
Emotional Development	207	(1)
Social Domain	208	(3)
Political Domain	211	(1)
Environmental Domain	211	(1)
Sexual Domain	211	(1)
Spiritual Domain	212	(1)
Summary	212	(2)
Promoting Health in the Middle-Aged Adult
Importance of Health Promotion in Middle Adulthood	214	(1)
Current Perspective of Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Adults	215	(1)
Demographics of Middle Adulthood	215	(1)
Middle Adulthood: A Time of Planned Change	215	(7)
Physical Changes	215	(2)
Menopause	217	(1)
Male Climacteric	217	(1)
Psychological Changes	217	(1)
Sociological Changes	217	(3)
Environmental Changes	220	(1)
Sexual / Gender Changes	221	(1)
Spiritual Changes	221	(1)
Culturally Competent Care	222	(1)
Guidelines for Health Promotion and Screening	222	(1)
Strategies for Achieving Lifestyles that Promote Health	222	(5)
Exercise and Nutrition	224	(1)
Tobacco Avoidance	224	(1)
Immunizations	225	(1)
Sleep	226	(1)
Dental Health	226	(1)
Occupational Safety	226	(1)
Nursing Role in Health Promotion and Early Detection	227	(1)
Educating about Risk Reduction and Health Promoting Activities	228	(1)
Assessment of the Middle Aged Adult	228	(3)
Health Promotion Measures for Major Deviations from Health	230	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	230	(1)
Cancer	230	(1)
Osteoporosis	231	(1)
Chapter Summary	231	(4)
Promoting Health in the Older Adult
Demographic Characteristics of Older Adults	233	(1)
Who Are the Older Adults?	233	(1)
Population Trends	234	(1)
Developmental Domain	235	(1)
Biological Domain	236	(5)
Physical Assessment	236	(2)
Nutrition	238	(1)
Fitness and Exercise	239	(1)
Sleep	239	(1)
Sex	240	(1)
Socioeconomic Domain	241	(1)
Poverty	241	(1)
Education	241	(1)
Health Care Expenditures	242	(1)
Psychological Domain	242	(3)
Stress	242	(1)
Elder Abuse	243	(2)
Spiritual Domain	245	(1)
Environmental Domain	245	(3)
Driving	245	(1)
Safety at Home	246	(1)
Medications and the Elderly	246	(2)
Senior Health Promotion Programs	248	(1)
Summary	248	(3)
SECTION IV HEALTH PROMOTION: STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS	251	(110)
Promoting Health Through Nutrition
Importance of Nutrition in Health Promotion	253	(8)
Healthy People Goals and Nutritional Health	253	(8)
Domains Influencing Eating Behavior	261	(2)
Biological Domain	261	(1)
Psychological Domain	261	(1)
Sociocultural, Religious, and / or Spiritual Domains	261	(1)
Environmental Domain	262	(1)
Nutritional Excesses, Deficits, and Health Promotion	263	(1)
Overnutrition	263	(1)
Undernutrition	263	(1)
Anorexia Nervosa	263	(1)
Bulimia	264	(1)
Dietary Strategies to Promote a Healthful Diet	264	(5)
Dietary Guidelines	264	(1)
The Food Guide Pyramid	265	(3)
The Exchange System: A Menu Planning Tool	268	(1)
Food Labels	268	(1)
The Five a Day Program	269	(1)
The Nursing Process in Promoting Nutritional Health	269	(4)
Assessment	269	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis	270	(1)
Planning	271	(1)
Implementation	271	(1)
Health Promotion Model and Nutritional Status	272	(1)
Evaluation	272	(1)
Summary	273	(3)
Promoting Health Through Physical Fitness
Exercise and Health Promotion	276	(1)
Physical Fitness	277	(1)
Components of Health-Related Fitness	278	(1)
Cardiovascular Fitness	278	(1)
Muscular Strength and Endurance	279	(1)
Flexibility	279	(1)
Body Composition	279	(1)
Assessing Health-Related Fitness	279	(2)
Cardiovascular Fitness	280	(1)
Muscular Strength and Endurance	280	(1)
Muscular Endurance	280	(1)
Assessing Flexibility	280	(1)
Assessing Body Composition	281	(1)
Starting a Fitness Training Program: Making That Decision	281	(1)
General Principles of Fitness Training	282	(1)
Principle of Overload	282	(1)
Principle of Specificity	282	(1)
Principle of Progression	283	(1)
Planning a Fitness Program	283	(1)
Frequency (F)	283	(1)
Intensity (I)	283	(1)
Time (T)	283	(1)
Type of Training (T)	283	(1)
Principles and Concepts of Cardiovascular Fitness	283	(2)
Resting Heart Rate	284	(1)
Target Heart Rate	284	(1)
A Balanced Fitness Program	285	(1)
Result Expectations	285	(1)
Implementation of Fitness Program: Essential Elements of Training	285	(1)
Frequent Problems Related to Exercise	286	(1)
Side Stitch	286	(1)
Muscle Soreness	286	(1)
Strains and Sprains	286	(1)
Warm Weather Conditions	286	(1)
Exercising in Cold Weather	287	(1)
Pollution Problems	287	(1)
Rice Concept for Injury Treatment	287	(1)
Myths About Exercise	287	(1)
Health Belief and Health Promotion Models	288	(1)
Utilizing the Nursing Process in Developing a Physical Fitness Plan	289	(3)
Assessments Related to Physical Activity and Fitness	289	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis Phase	289	(1)
Planning the Physical Fitness Program	289	(1)
Implementation	290	(1)
Evaluation	291	(1)
Getting Started and Sticking to It	292	(1)
Summary	293	(1)
Weight Control as a Strategy for Health Promotion
Consequences of Obesity	294	(2)
Health Promotion and Weight Control	296	(1)
Obstacles in Weight Control	296	(2)
Theories of Obesity, Weight Control, and Eating Behaviors	298	(3)
Hereditary Influences	298	(1)
The Theory of Genetics and Obesity	298	(1)
Environmental Influences	298	(1)
Theories of Environmental Influences	298	(1)
Biological Influences	299	(1)
Theory of Thermogenesis and Weight Control	299	(1)
Theory of Equilibrium Set-Point of Weight Control	299	(1)
Theories of Biochemical Influences and Eating Behaviors	300	(1)
The Nursing Process	301	(11)
Assessment (Acquiring Information)	302	(5)
Nursing Diagnosis	307	(1)
Planning	308	(1)
Implementation of Health Promotion Strategies to Help Control Weight	309	(1)
Health Promotion Model and Weight Control	310	(1)
Behavior, Attitude and Weight Control	310	(1)
Shaping and Guided Practice Weight Control Techniques	311	(1)
Evaluation	312	(1)
Summary	312	(4)
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Abuse
Substance Use and Abuse	316	(1)
What are Drugs?	316	(1)
Sources and Categories of Drugs	317	(1)
Prescription Drugs	317	(1)
Non-Prescription Drugs	317	(1)
Psychotropic Drugs	317	(1)
Drug Mechanics: How They Work	317	(2)
Drug Misuse, Drug Abuse, and Addiction	319	(1)
Biological Basis of Addiction	319	(1)
The Effect of Drug Withdrawal	319	(1)
Psychosocial Basis of Addiction	319	(1)
Tobacco Use and Addiction	320	(3)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke	322	(1)
Nicotine	322	(1)
Alcohol Use and Addiction	323	(1)
Why People Drink	323	(1)
Alcohol and the Central Nervous System	324	(1)
Commonly Abused Psychotropic Drugs	324	(2)
Opiates	324	(1)
Hallucinogens	325	(1)
Household Drugs	325	(1)
Stimulants	325	(1)
Substance Abuse Patterns	326	(3)
Gender	326	(1)
Age	326	(1)
Adolescents	326	(1)
Elderly	326	(1)
Ethnicity	327	(1)
Nurses	327	(1)
Comorbidity	328	(1)
Mental Health issues	328	(1)
Physical health issues	329	(1)
Spiritual health issues	329	(1)
Strategies for Health Promotion	329	(3)
Primary Prevention	330	(1)
Secondary Prevention	331	(1)
Tertiary Prevention	331	(1)
In control	331	(1)
Out of control	331	(1)
Chapter Summary	332	(3)
Enhancing Holistic Care
What Is Holistic Care?	335	(1)
What Is Healing?	335	(1)
What Is a Nurse Healer?	335	(1)
Holistic Nursing: Past, Present, and Future	336	(1)
The Past	336	(1)
The Present	337	(1)
The Future	337	(1)
The Nurse-Client Relationship	337	(4)
The Nurse's Attitude About Healing	338	(1)
The Nurse's Attitude About Self	338	(1)
Interaction Between Nurse and Client	339	(2)
Holistic Techniques for Health Promotion	341	(18)
The Teaching and Learning of Healing Techniques	341	(1)
Using Energy as a Healing Tool	341	(3)
The Power of Thoughts and Feelings	344	(1)
The Breath	345	(1)
Imagery	346	(1)
Meditation	347	(1)
The Power of Prayer	348	(1)
Light and Color	348	(2)
Sound	350	(1)
Music	351	(1)
Energy-based Therapies: Therapeutic Touch and Healing Touch	351	(1)
Touch Therapies---Reflexology, Massage, and Acupressure	352	(1)
Reflexology	352	(2)
Massage	354	(1)
Acupressure	355	(1)
Nurturing the Self	355	(1)
Environment	356	(1)
Sleep	356	(1)
Exercise	357	(1)
Communication	357	(1)
Nutrition	357	(1)
Herbs	357	(1)
Aromatherapy	357	(1)
Love and Healing	358	(1)
Summary	359	(2)
SECTION V HEALTH PROMOTION ISSUES	361	(44)
Health Promotion for the Health Professional
Change and Its Impact on the Health Professional	363	(1)
Issues Impacting the Health Care Professional	363	(2)
Factors Affecting the Nursing Profession	365	(3)
Nursing Student Characteristics	365	(1)
Nursing Student Stress	365	(1)
Professional Nursing Supply	366	(1)
Gender	366	(1)
Age	367	(1)
Ethnicity	367	(1)
Education	368	(1)
Impact of Managed Care on Nursing	368	(1)
Health Behavior Patterns	368	(2)
Health Promotion Practices by Domain	370	(5)
Biological Domain	370	(1)
Psychological Domain	371	(1)
Spiritual Domain	372	(2)
Sociocultural Domain	374	(1)
Environmental Domain	374	(1)
Nursing Process and Health Promotion Planning	375	(1)
Planning	375	(1)
Summary	375	(3)
Health Care Cost and Quality Issues
Factors Driving Costs Up	378	(2)
Efforts to Control Costs	380	(1)
Medicare and Medicaid	380	(1)
Prospective Payment System	381	(1)
Consumer Efforts in Cost Containment	381	(1)
Managed Care	382	(2)
Health Maintenance Organization	382	(1)
Preferred Provider Organization	382	(1)
Exclusive Provider Organization	383	(1)
Capitation	383	(1)
Nursing's Role in Managed Care	384	(1)
Quality Measures and Managed Care	384	(1)
National Committee for Quality Assurance Functions	384	(1)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations	385	(1)
National Standards and Managed Care	385	(1)
Nursing Quality Issues	385	(1)
Health Promotion, Health Care Cost, and Managed Care	386	(1)
Summary	386	(3)
Ethical and Legal Issues
Ethical and Legal Issues Influencing Nursing Care	389	(1)
Ethical Issues	389	(1)
Ethical Theories	389	(1)
Basic Principles of Ethics	390	(2)
Principle of Autonomy	390	(1)
Principle of Beneficence	391	(1)
Principle of Nonmaleficence	391	(1)
Principle of Veracity	391	(1)
Principle of Confidentiality	392	(1)
Principle of Justice	392	(1)
Principle of Fidelity	392	(1)
Nursing and Ethics	392	(1)
Ethical Decision Making and Personal Values	393	(1)
Steps in Values Clarification	393	(1)
Value Conflicts	394	(1)
Legal Issues	394	(1)
Law and Nursing Practice	394	(1)
Competency Indicators	395	(2)
Licensure	395	(1)
Multistate Licensure	396	(1)
Credentialing	396	(1)
Certification	396	(1)
Accreditation	396	(1)
Standards of Care	397	(1)
Torts, Negligence, and Breaches in Legal Duty	397	(1)
Right to Refuse Treatment	398	(1)
Student Nurse Liability	399	(2)
Ethical-Legal Concerns Related to Health Care Cost and Access	399	(1)
Health Care Delivery and Health Care Costs	399	(1)
Health Care Access	400	(1)
Sociological Domain	400	(1)
Cultural Domain	400	(1)
Ethical-Legal Concepts and Health Promotion	401	(1)
Nursing and Health Promotion	401	(2)
Summary	403	(2)
Answers	405	(8)
Glossary	413	(10)
References	423	(22)
Index	445