Heat Treatments for Postharvest Pest Control

by J Tang; E Mitcham; S Wang; S Lurie

• ISBN13: 9781845932527
• ISBN10: 1845932528
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-09-09
• Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Summary

Due to the nature of agricultural commodities as carriers of exotic pests, importing countries have employed varying methods of pest control for postharvest products. Thermal treatments are emerging as effective, environmentally-friendly alternatives to traditional methods, eliminating chemical residues and minimizing damage to produce. This book provides comprehensive information of these increasingly important treatments, covering temperature measurement, heat transfer, physiological responses of plants, insects and pathogens to heat, and an introduction to current and potential quarantine treatments based on hot air, hot water, and radio frequency energy.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Contributors	p. xi
Reviewers	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
History and Purpose of Quarantine and Phytosanitation Requirements	p. 1
Review of Treatments	p. 4
Survey of Heat Treatments	p. 8
Heat Treatments for Microbial Control	p. 16
Tolerance of Commodities to Heat Treatments	p. 16
Conclusions	p. 16
References	p. 17
Fundamental Heat Transfer Theory for Thermal Treatments	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Conventional Heat Transfer Theory	p. 28
Dielectric Heating	p. 41
Case Studies to Demonstrate the Differences between Conventional and Dielectric Heating	p. 47
Closing Remarks	p. 51
References	p. 53
Temperature Measurement	p. 56
Introduction	p. 56
Principles and Properties	p. 56
Sensor Calibration, Precision and Response Time	p. 68
Application of Temperature Sensors	p. 70
Temperature Control	p. 76
Closing Remarks	p. 76
References	p. 77
Physiological Responses of Agricultural Commodities to Heat Treatments	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Effects on Physiology	p. 79
Types of Heat Damage	p. 83
Responses of Dried Commodities to Heat Treatment	p. 90
Factors Affecting Response to Heat Treatment	p. 92
Conclusions	p. 97
References	p. 97
Experimental and Simulation Methods of Insect Thermal Death Kinetics	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
Experimental Methods for Obtaining Thermal Kinetic Response Information	p. 107
Insect Mortality Models	p. 112
Model Comparisons	p. 124
Model Applications	p. 126
Closing Remarks	p. 128
References	p. 128
Biology and Thermal Death Kinetics of Selected Insects	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
Biology and Economic Impact of Target Species	p. 134
Thermal Death Data	p. 144
Influence of Life Stages and Species on Thermal Mortality	p. 149
Activation Energies for Thermal Kill of Insect Pests	p. 154
Preconditioning Effects on Thermotolerance of Pests	p. 155
Effect of Heating Rates in Thermal Treatments	p. 157
Closing Remarks	p. 158
References	p. 159
Thermal Control of Fungi in the Reduction of Postharvest Decay	p. 162
Introduction	p. 162
Responses of Fungi to Thermal Heat: in Vitro Studies	p. 162
Methods of Thermal Treatment	p. 165
Conclusions	p. 174
Acknowledgements	p. 177
References	p. 177
Disinfestation of Stored Products and Associated Structures Using Heat	p. 182
Introduction	p. 182
The Use of Heat for Insect Management	p. 190
Effects of High Temperatures on Stored-product Insects	p. 193
Heat Tolerance in Stored-product Insects	p. 194
Survey of Current Thermal Kinetic Data: Empirical Methods and Common Models	p. 195
Current Status of Research and Development in Heat Disinfestation of Stored Products	p. 212
Heat Disinfestation of Structures	p. 220
Conclusions	p. 228
References	p. 229
Considerations for Phytosanitary Heat Treatment Research	p. 238
Introduction	p. 238
Source of Research Organisms	p. 239
Rearing Conditions	p. 240
Methods of Infesting Commodities for Disinfestation Research	p. 241
Determination of Disinfestation Policy	p. 245
Commodity Conditioning	p. 246
Commercial Possibilities	p. 246
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 247
References	p. 248
Heat with Controlled Atmospheres	p. 251
Introduction	p. 251
Mode of Action of Controlled Atmospheres on Insects	p. 252
Effects of Controlled Atmospheres on Commodities	p. 254
Effects of Heat and Controlled Atmospheres on Arthropod Pests	p. 255
Commodity Response to High-temperature Controlled Atmospheres	p. 260
Synergistic Effects of Heat and Controlled Atmospheres	p. 262
Promising Treatments	p. 264
Summary	p. 264
References	p. 265
The Influence of Heat Shock Proteins on Insect Pests and Fruits in Thermal Treatments	p. 269
Introduction	p. 269
Heat Shock Proteins	p. 271
Heat Shock Responses and Heat Shock Proteins in Plant Tissue	p. 273
Heat Shock Responses and Heat Shock Proteins in Insects	p. 276
Discussion	p. 282
References	p. 285
Thermal Treatment Protocol Development and Scale-up	p. 291
Introduction	p. 291
Strategies for Thermal Treatment Development	p. 291
Systematic Development of RF Treatment for In-shell Walnuts	p. 295
Developing RF Treatments for Fresh Fruits	p. 304
Conclusions	p. 308
References	p. 308
Commercial Quarantine Heat Treatments	p. 311
Introduction	p. 311
Definitions and Concepts	p. 312
Quarantine Heat Treatments	p. 313
Quarantine Treatment Protocols	p. 315
Quarantine Security Statistics	p. 316
Developing Quarantine Heat Treatments	p. 318
Commodity Quality	p. 325
Experimental Heat Treatment Equipment	p. 329
Heat Treatment Research	p. 330
Commercial Heat Treatment Equipment and Facilities	p. 332
Approved Commercial Heat Treatments	p. 334
Summary	p. 334
References	p. 336
Index	p. 341
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