Heavy Hands : An Introduction to the Crimes of Domestic Violence

by Gosselin, Denise Kindschi

• ISBN13: 9780130835253
• ISBN10: 0130835250
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For undergraduate-level courses in Domestic Violence, Domestic Crimes, Family Violence, and Sociology of Domestic Violence in departments of Criminal Justice, Criminology, and Sociology. This is the first text to explore both the causes, consequences, and prevalence of domestic violence and the positive law enforcement response. Using a socio-legal approachwith emphasis on the practical criminal justice perspectiveit will help both instructors with no field experience and educators with professional backgrounds to effectively meld together the theory and practice of domestic violence for students of the social sciences. It focuses on all forms of domestic violence perpetrated in a variety of gender, age, and orientation relationships.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xix
About the Author	xxi
Part One Domestic Violence Crime: Definition, Prevalence, and History	1	(58)
Violence in the Family	3	(26)
Introduction	3	(4)
What Is Domestic Violence?	7	(2)
Crimes against the Person	8	(1)
Forms of Domestic Violence	8	(1)
Abuse Prevention Acts	9	(1)
Relationships	10	(1)
Definitions of Common Terms	11	(3)
Prevalence of Domestic Violence	14	(10)
Battering	14	(4)
Child Abuse	18	(3)
Elder Abuse	21	(3)
Conclusions	24	(1)
Key Terms	25	(1)
Questions for Review	25	(1)
References	25	(4)
A Global View of Family Social and Legal Relations	29	(30)
Introduction	29	(2)
Early Social-Legal History	31	(4)
The Ancient and Medieval World	32	(1)
The Roman Empire	32	(1)
The Christian Era	33	(1)
The Russian Example	34	(1)
British Common Law	34	(1)
French Law	35	(1)
Marital Relations in Early America	35	(5)
Puritan Restrictions	36	(1)
The Next One Hundred Years	36	(1)
African American Families	37	(1)
Native American Families	38	(1)
A Brief Change	38	(1)
One Hundred Years of Secrecy	39	(1)
Woman Battering	40	(2)
What About the Children?	42	(2)
Ancient Times	43	(1)
The Christian Era	43	(1)
English Law	44	(1)
Children in Early America	44	(2)
The Refuge Movement	45	(1)
The Child Saver Movement	45	(1)
Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children	45	(1)
Domestic Violence: A Global Concern	46	(7)
The United Nations	46	(1)
Prevalence Rates in Selected Countries around the World	47	(6)
Conclusions	53	(1)
Key Terms	54	(1)
Questions for Review	55	(1)
References	55	(4)
Part Two Theories on Causation and Victimization	59	(94)
Theories on Family Violence	61	(30)
Introduction	61	(2)
Society Viewed at the Macro or Micro Level	63	(1)
The Classical School	63	(4)
Rational Choice Theory	65	(1)
Deterrence Theory	65	(1)
Critique of the Classical School	66	(1)
The Positive School	67	(1)
Biological Theories	67	(4)
Eugenics	67	(3)
Biochemical Imbalance Theories	70	(1)
Neurological Theories	70	(1)
Critique of the Biological Theories	71	(1)
Sociological Theories	71	(3)
Social Structure and Cultural Theories	71	(1)
Gender-Role Theory	72	(1)
Critique of the Sociological Theories	72	(2)
Psychological Theories	74	(3)
Social Learning Theories	74	(1)
Social Control Theories	75	(2)
Critique of the Psychological Theories	77	(1)
The Conflict School	77	(3)
Patriarchal Theory	78	(2)
Gender Inequality	80	(1)
Critique of the Conflict School	80	(1)
Multidimensional Models	80	(6)
Individual-Based Theories	81	(1)
Family-Based Theories	82	(3)
Community Theory	85	(1)
Culture Theory	85	(1)
Critique of the Multidimensional Theories	85	(1)
Conclusions	86	(1)
Key Terms	87	(1)
Questions for Review	88	(1)
References	88	(3)
From Theory to Practice	91	(32)
Introduction	91	(1)
High-Risk Violence	92	(2)
Batterer Programs	94	(5)
Program Procedures	94	(3)
Specialized versus Attachment Theory Intervention	97	(1)
Can Interventions Stop Battering?	98	(1)
Characteristics of Domestic Violence Abusers	99	(13)
Descriptions of the Batterer	100	(3)
Abusive Men	103	(1)
Abusive Women	104	(1)
Perpetrators in Gay Male Relationships	105	(1)
Lesbian Domestic Offenders	106	(1)
Juvenile Bullying	106	(1)
Teen Dating Violence	107	(1)
Perpetrators of Child Abuse	108	(2)
Perpetrators of Elder Abuse	110	(1)
Mutual Battering: Challenging Criminal Justice	111	(1)
Stages of Violence	112	(1)
Domestic Rape and Sexual Assault	112	(7)
Common Characteristics of a Rapist	114	(1)
Marital Rape and Male Offenders	114	(1)
Female Sex Offenders	115	(1)
Sexual Abuse against Children	116	(1)
Juvenile Incest Offenders	117	(1)
Date Rape Offenders	118	(1)
Conclusions	119	(1)
Key Terms	120	(1)
Questions for Review	120	(1)
References	121	(2)
Survivors and the Consequences of Victimization	123	(30)
Introduction	123	(1)
Victimology	124	(1)
The Victim Movement	125	(1)
The Children's Rights Movement	126	(7)
Child Witness or Victim?	127	(2)
Childhood Abuse and Criminal Behavior	129	(1)
Childhood Abuse and Social Consequences	129	(1)
The Consequences of Abuse to a Child	130	(3)
Conclusions on the Children's Rights Movement	133	(1)
The Battered Women's Movement	133	(4)
Woman Battering: Health and Safety Issues	134	(3)
Learned Helplessness Theory	137	(1)
Survivors of Domestic Battering	137	(1)
Consequences of Family Violence	138	(7)
Female Victims	140	(1)
Male Victims	140	(3)
Dating Victims	143	(2)
Effects of Victimization	145	(2)
Borderline Personality Disorder	145	(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	145	(1)
Stockholm Syndrome	146	(1)
Self-Inflicted Violence	147	(1)
The Cost of Family Violence	147	(1)
Conclusions	147	(1)
Key Terms	148	(1)
Questions for Review	148	(1)
References	149	(4)
Part Three Legal and Enforcement Responses	153	(100)
Legal Responses	155	(34)
Introduction	155	(1)
Court Jurisdiction	156	(7)
Federal versus State Jurisdiction	157	(2)
Civil versus Criminal Court in the State System	159	(4)
Federal Legislation	163	(7)
Antistalking Legislation	164	(1)
Domestic Violence across State Lines	165	(1)
Domestic Violence on Federal Enclaves	165	(1)
Gun Control	166	(1)
Privacy for Domestic Violence Victims	167	(1)
Child Abuse Initiatives	168	(2)
State Intervention	170	(14)
Victim Assistance	170	(1)
Antistalking Laws	170	(1)
Civil Orders of Protection	171	(6)
Marital Rape Laws	177	(1)
Child Abuse Protection	177	(5)
Elder Abuse Legislation	182	(2)
Conclusions	184	(1)
Key Terms	185	(1)
Questions for Review	186	(1)
References	186	(3)
The Role of the Police	189	(31)
Introduction	189	(1)
The Nature of Policing	189	(12)
Forensic Interviewing	191	(1)
The Problem-Oriented Approach	192	(2)
Police Response Strategies	194	(7)
Law Enforcement Goals	201	(14)
Protect the Victim	201	(7)
Determine If a Crime Has Been Committed	208	(7)
Provide the Basis for Successful Prosecution	215	(1)
Conclusions	215	(1)
Key Terms	216	(1)
Questions for Review	216	(1)
References	217	(3)
Law Enforcement Response	220	(33)
Introduction	220	(2)
Training	222	(1)
Criminal Justice Ambivalence	223	(1)
The Systems Approach	224	(4)
The Courts	224	(2)
Corrections	226	(1)
Law Enforcement	226	(2)
How Do Police Get Involved?	228	(5)
The Citizen Complaint	228	(2)
The Mandated Report	230	(3)
The Officer-Initiated Investigation	233	(1)
To Arrest or Not to Arrest: That Is the Question!	233	(5)
Crimes	234	(3)
Civil Protection Codes	237	(1)
Mental Health Codes	237	(1)
Use of Available Resources	238	(1)
What About Probable Cause?	238	(1)
Collection of Evidence	239	(9)
Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement	241	(2)
What Police Look For	243	(4)
The Interrogation of Suspects	247	(1)
Conclusions	248	(1)
Key Terms	249	(1)
Questions for Review	249	(1)
References	249	(4)
Part Four Crime Identification	253	(94)
Recognizing Child Abuse	255	(31)
Introduction	255	(3)
Civil versus Criminal Action	256	(1)
Active Maltreatment	256	(1)
Passive Maltreatment	257	(1)
Categories of Secondary Abuse	258	(1)
The Victims of Child Abuse	258	(5)
Age	260	(1)
Gender	261	(1)
Race	262	(1)
The Major Forms of Abuse	263	(18)
Emotional Abuse and Psychological Maltreatment	263	(1)
Indicators of Physical Abuse	264	(10)
Forms of Sexual Abuse	274	(3)
Neglect	277	(4)
Parental Kidnapping	281	(1)
Mandated Reporting	281	(1)
Who Must Report?	282	(1)
Conclusions	282	(1)
Key Terms	283	(1)
Questions for Review	283	(1)
References	283	(3)
The Identification of Elder Abuse	286	(29)
Introduction	286	(6)
Civil versus Criminal Action	288	(1)
Categories of Abuse	289	(2)
Active Abuse and Neglect	291	(1)
Passive Maltreatment	292	(1)
The Victims of Elder Abuse	292	(5)
Age	293	(1)
Gender	294	(1)
Race	295	(1)
Cultural Differences	296	(1)
Categories of Elder Abuse	297	(3)
Domestic Abuse	297	(1)
Institutional Abuse	298	(2)
The Major Forms of Abuse	300	(9)
Financial Exploitation	301	(2)
Misuse of Restraints	303	(1)
Neglect and Abandonment	304	(1)
Self-Neglect and Abuse	305	(2)
Physical Abuse	307	(1)
Psychological and Emotional Abuse	307	(1)
Sexual Abuse Indicators	307	(2)
Duties and Responsibilities	309	(1)
Mandated Reporting	310	(1)
Conclusions	311	(1)
Key Terms	311	(1)
Questions for Review	311	(1)
References	312	(3)
Associated Major Crimes	315	(32)
Introduction	315	(1)
Stalking	316	(11)
What Is Stalking?	316	(2)
Stalking Behaviors	318	(3)
Characteristics of Stalking Perpetrators	321	(1)
Stalking Victims	322	(1)
Investigative Strategies	322	(4)
Safety Precautions for Stalking Victims	326	(1)
Threat Assessment	327	(1)
Domestic Homicide	327	(14)
Justifiable Homicide	328	(1)
Excusable Homicide	328	(1)
Felonious Homicide	329	(1)
Murder in the Family	330	(7)
Investigative Strategies	337	(4)
Conclusions	341	(1)
Key Terms	342	(1)
Questions for Review	342	(1)
References	343	(4)
Part Five The Future	347	(28)
Research on the Internet	349	(26)
Introduction	349	(2)
Getting onto the World Wide Web	351	(2)
The Basics of Internet Research	353	(2)
Search Engines	353	(1)
Evaluating Your Source	354	(1)
The Extent of Personal Crime	355	(6)
Uniform Crime Reporting System	355	(3)
National Crime Victimization Survey	358	(1)
Self-Report Studies	359	(2)
Child Abuse	361	(3)
Child Death Investigation	364	(1)
Criminal Justice Sites	365	(1)
Elder Abuse	365	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence	366	(1)
General Information	366	(1)
Antistalking Sites	367	(1)
Government Sites	367	(1)
International Sites	368	(1)
Law Enforcement Sites	368	(1)
Legal Sites	369	(1)
Judicial Sites	370	(1)
Marital and Date Rape	370	(1)
Victims' Assistance	370	(1)
Woman Battering	371	(1)
Just for Fun	372	(1)
Conclusions	372	(1)
Key Terms	373	(1)
Questions for Review	373	(1)
References	374	(1)
Index	375