Hematopoiesis

by Testa, Nydia G.; Gale, Robert Peter

• ISBN13: 9780824779382
• ISBN10: 082477938X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1988-04-01
• Publisher: CRC Pr I Llc

Summary

Cytotoxic injury to the bone marrow from drugs, chemicals, and radiation is an important problem. This reference critically assesses the implications of bone marrow damage by analyzing mechanisms of myelosuppression, possible mutagenic action, capacity to induce chromosome abnormalities, and effects on the immune system and other tissues. Hematopoiesis places clinical and experimental observations in the context of cell biology ... evaluates the effects of treatment, disease evolution, and the induced proliferative stress on the hemopoietic system ... concentrates on hemopoiesis within a clinical framework relating to immunology, cytogenetics, and leukemogenesis ... presents the subject in a logical sequence from fundamentals to future directions for research ... and looks at new research approaches to the therapy of malignancies. Including some 1,200 citations of pertinent literature plus many drawings, tables, and photographs, Hematopoiesis serves as an indispensable resource for hematologists, oncologists, cell and molecular biologists, immunologists, internists, radiation therapists, and bone marrow transplantation specialists. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Series Introduction	p. iii
Preface	p. v
Contributors	p. vii
The Hemopoietic System: Structure and Regulation	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Structure of Hemopoiesis	p. 3
Structure of the Stem Cell Population	p. 7
Regulation of Stem Cells	p. 7
Regulation of Progenitor Cells	p. 12
Microarchitecture of Hemopoietic Tissue	p. 17
Conclusion	p. 20
References	p. 21
Hemopoietic Microenvironments	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Exchange of Information Among Neighboring Hemopoietic Cells	p. 28
Regulation of Hemopoiesis by Stromal Cells	p. 36
Summary	p. 48
References	p. 49
Myelosuppressive Effects of Antineoplastic Chemotherapy	p. 63
Introduction	p. 63
Mechanisms of Myelosuppression	p. 64
Kinetics of Myelosuppression	p. 66
Evaluation of Myelosuppression	p. 68
Future Directions	p. 69
Summary	p. 70
References	p. 71
Long-Term Bone Marrow Damage After Cytotoxic Treatment: Stem Cells and Microenvironment	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Stem Cell Damage	p. 76
Environmental Damage	p. 81
Evaluation of Long-Term Damage	p. 83
Summary	p. 88
References	p. 88
Long-Term Bone Marrow Damage After Irradiation	p. 93
Experimental Delayed Effects of Radiation on Bone Marrow in Animals	p. 93
Delayed Effects of Radiation on the Bone Marrow in Humans	p. 111
Overview of Delayed Effects of Radiation Injury on Hemopoietic Tissues	p. 119
References	p. 124
Drugs and Chemicals as Agents of Bone Marrow Failure	p. 131
Clinical Observations	p. 131
Three Examples	p. 133
Pathogenic Mechanisms	p. 142
Conclusion: Anomalies	p. 147
References	p. 149
Induced Chromosome Damage After Irradiation and Cytotoxic Drugs	p. 159
Introduction	p. 159
Cytogenetic Studies in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes	p. 159
Long-Term Cytogenetic Effects Associated with Cytostatic Therapy-Related Leukemia	p. 180
References	p. 191
Mutational Effects of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy	p. 203
Introduction	p. 203
Experimental Studies	p. 204
Clinical Studies	p. 209
Molecular Changes	p. 211
Consequences of Mutagenesis	p. 213
References	p. 213
Long-Term Damage to the Immune System After Irradiation	p. 217
Introduction	p. 217
The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Tissues	p. 218
The Immune System	p. 219
The Response of the Immune System to Irradiation	p. 220
Delayed Effects of Irradiation on the Immune Function in Humans	p. 223
References	p. 236
Considerations of Long-Term Radiation Injury in Nonhemopoietic Tissues	p. 247
Introduction	p. 247
Tissue Renewal	p. 248
Temporal Expression of Injury	p. 249
Dose-Response Curves	p. 251
Dose Fractionation and Dose Rate	p. 253
Lung	p. 256
Testis	p. 262
Ovary	p. 266
Eye	p. 267
Thyroid	p. 268
Growth Retardation	p. 269
Conclusions	p. 272
References	p. 272
Long-Term Bone Marrow Damage After Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	p. 279
Introduction	p. 279
Studies of Progenitor Cells	p. 280
Studies of Stromal Cells	p. 280
Evaluation of Residual Defects	p. 284
References	p. 286
Long-Term Bone Marrow Damage After Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia	p. 289
Current Trends in Therapy	p. 289
Effects of Commonly Used Agents on Hemopoietic Cells	p. 290
Progenitor Cell Assays in Leukemic Patients	p. 292
Etiology of Residual Defects	p. 297
References	p. 298
Long-Term Bone Marrow Damage After Treatment for Lymphomas	p. 301
Long-Term Bone Marrow Damage Induced by Radiotherapy	p. 301
Long-Term Bone Marrow Damage Induced by Chemotherapy	p. 310
Summary	p. 313
References	p. 315
Long-Term Hemopoietic Damage After Cytotoxic Drug Therapy for Solid Tumors	p. 325
Introduction	p. 325
The Stem Cell Compartment	p. 325
Effects of Cytotoxic Drugs on Stem Cells	p. 326
Experimental Long-Term Damage	p. 328
Persistent Damage in Patients	p. 328
Evaluation of the Persistent Damage	p. 334
References	p. 335
Hemopoietic Engraftment and Differentiation After Bone Marrow Transplantation	p. 339
Introduction	p. 339
In Vitro Analysis of Human Hemopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation	p. 340
Experimental Analysis of Engraftment-Stem Cells, Microenvironment, and Genetic Resistance	p. 343
Hemopoiesis Following Bone Marrow Transplantation in Humans	p. 345
T Cell Depletion and Graft Failure	p. 347
Future Directions	p. 349
References	p. 350
The Origin of Bone Marrow Stroma After Transplantation: Implications for Graft Failure	p. 357
Introduction	p. 357
Origins of Stromal Cells After Transplantation	p. 358
Implications for Graft Failure	p. 361
Conclusion	p. 369
References	p. 370
Conditions Affecting the Growth of Hemopoietic Progenitors After Bone Marrow Transplantation	p. 377
Introduction	p. 377
Characterization of Hemopoiesis After Bone Marrow Transplantation	p. 377
Influence of the Bone Marrow Transplant Inoculum	p. 381
Influence of Host Parameters	p. 382
Support of Megakaryocyte Growth in Culture	p. 383
Summary	p. 385
References	p. 385
Recent Advances in the Knowledge of the Hemopoietic System: Possible Ways of Correcting Long-Term Damage	p. 389
Introduction	p. 389
Development of Lineage- or Stage-Specific Cytotoxic Agents	p. 390
Biological Response Modifiers: Their Role in Treatment	p. 396
References	p. 400
Bone Marrow Function: Recent Progress and Future Directions	p. 403
Growth Regulators: Factors and Cells	p. 403
Immunological Alterations	p. 405
Secondary Malignancies	p. 405
New Therapeutic Approaches	p. 405
Index	p. 407
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