Henke's Med-Math Dosage Calculation, Preparation and Administration

by Buchholz, Susan

• ISBN13: 9780781762649
• ISBN10: 0781762642
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-10-26
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Now in its Fifth Edition, this best-selling text features a highly visual, hands-on approach to learning dosage calculations and principles of drug administration. It presents step-by-step approaches to solving problems and includes dosage problems that simulate actual clinical experience. Each chapter includes numerous examples, self-tests, and proficiency tests. This edition covers all four dosage calculation methods--formula, ratio, and proportion side by side in each chapter, and dimensional analysis in a new chapter. Drug labels are current, and problems use JCAHO-approved abbreviations. A handy quick-reference plastic pull-out card shows conversions and formulas. A bound-in CD-ROM contains dosage calculation problems and a medication administration video.

Table of Contents

Arithmetic Needed for Dosage	1	(26)
Multiplying Whole Numbers	1	(1)
Dividing Whole Numbers	2	(1)
Fractions	3	(6)
Types of Fractions	3	(2)
Multiplying Fractions	5	(1)
Dividing Fractions	6	(1)
Changing Fractions to Decimals	7	(2)
Decimals	9	(3)
Reading Decimals	9	(1)
Dividing Decimals	9	(1)
Clearing the Divisor of Decimal Points	10	(1)
Rounding Off Decimals	11	(1)
Comparing the Value of Decimals	12	(1)
Percent	12	(2)
Percents That Are Whole Numbers	13	(1)
Percents That Are Decimals	13	(1)
Percents That Are Fractions	13	(1)
Ratio and Proportion	14	(7)
Solving Proportions With an Unknown	14	(1)
Proportions Expressed as Decimals	15	(1)
Proportions Expressed as Two Ratios Separated by Colons	15	(1)
Ratio and Proportion in Dosage	16	(5)
Answers to Self Tests	21	(6)
Interpreting the Language of Prescriptions	27	(20)
Time of Administration of Drugs	27	(4)
Military Time: The 24-Hour Clock	30	(1)
Routes of Administration	31	(1)
Metric and SI Abbreviations	32	(1)
Apothecary Abbreviations	33	(2)
Household Abbreviations	35	(1)
Terms and Abbreviations for Drug Preparations	36	(9)
Answers to Self Tests	45	(2)
Drug Labels and Packaging	47	(19)
Drug Labels	47	(4)
Drug Packaging	51	(14)
Unit-Dose Packaging	51	(3)
Multidose Packaging	54	(11)
Answers to Self Tests	65	(1)
Metric, Apothecary and Household Systems of Measurement	66	(17)
Metric System	66	(7)
Measures of Weight	66	(1)
Weight Equivalents	66	(1)
Converting Solid Equivalents	67	(6)
Apothecary System	73	(2)
Apothecary Abbreviations	73	(1)
Solid Apothecary Measure--The Grain	73	(1)
Solid Equivalents--Apothecary and Metric	73	(2)
Household System	75	(6)
Household Measures	75	(1)
Metric Liquid Measures	76	(1)
Liquid Apothecary Measures	76	(1)
Conversions Among Liquid Measures	76	(5)
Answers to Self Tests	81	(2)
Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses	83	(14)
Drug Preparations	83	(3)
Oral Route	83	(1)
Parenteral Route	84	(1)
Topical Route	85	(1)
Equipment to Measure Doses	86	(9)
Medicine Cup	87	(1)
Syringes	88	(2)
Rounding Off Numbers in Liquid Dosage Answers	90	(2)
Needles for Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Injections	92	(3)
Answers to Self Tests	95	(2)
Calculation of Oral Medications--Solids and Liquids	97	(45)
Proportion Expressed as Two Fractions	97	(1)
Proportion Expressed as Two Ratios	98	(1)
Formula Method	99	(1)
Oral Solids	99	(8)
Application of the Rule for Oral Solids	99	(2)
Formula Method: Clearing Decimals	101	(5)
Special Types of Oral Solid Orders	106	(1)
Oral Liquids	107	(6)
Application of the Rule for Oral Liquids	107	(6)
Special Types of Oral Liquid Orders	113	(1)
Mental Drill for Oral Solid and Liquid Problems	113	(8)
Answers to Self Tests	121	(21)
Liquids for Injection	142	(55)
Calculating Injection Problems	143	(7)
3-mL Syringe	143	(1)
1-mL Precision Syringe	143	(7)
Special Types of Problems in Injections from a Liquid	150	(6)
When Supply Is a Ratio	150	(3)
When Supply Is a Percent	153	(3)
Insulin Injections	156	(4)
Types of Insulin	156	(1)
Types of Insulin Syringes	157	(1)
Preparing an Injection Using an Insulin Syringe	158	(1)
Mixing Two Insulins in One Syringe	158	(2)
Injections from Powders	160	(3)
Application of the Rule for Injections from Powders	160	(3)
Distinctive Features of Injections from Powders	163	(2)
Where to Find Information About Reconstitution of Powders	165	(7)
Critical Thinking: Test Your Clinical Savvy	172	(185)
Answers to Self Tests	185	(12)
Calculation of Basic IV Drip Rates	197	(33)
Types of Intravenous Fluids	197	(1)
Kinds of Intravenous Drip Factors	198	(8)
Infusion Pumps	198	(1)
Labeling IVs	199	(1)
Calculating Basic IV Drip Rates	199	(2)
Application of the Rule	201	(3)
Determining Hours an IV Will Run	204	(1)
Choosing the Infusion Set	205	(1)
Need for Continuous Observation	206	(1)
Adding Medications to IVs	206	(3)
Medications Ordered Over Several Hours	206	(3)
Medications for Intermittent Intravenous Administration	209	(3)
Explanation	209	(3)
Admixture IVs	212	(1)
Changing the Intravenous Drip Rate	212	(7)
Recording Intake	212	(7)
Answers to Self Tests	219	(11)
Special Types of Intravenous Calculations	230	(38)
Medications Ordered in Units/hr or mg/hr	230	(9)
Units/hr--Rule and Calculation	231	(2)
mg/hr, g/hr--Rule and Calculation	233	(4)
mg/min--Rule and Calculation	237	(2)
Medications Ordered in mcg/min, mcg/kg/min, or Milliunits/min	239	(5)
mcg/min--Rule and Calculations	239	(3)
mcg/kg/min--Rule and Calculation	242	(1)
Milliunits/min--Rule and Calculation	243	(1)
Body Surface Nomogram	244	(3)
m2--Rule and Calculation	246	(1)
Patient-Controlled Analgesia	247	(3)
Critical Thinking: Test Your Clinical Savvy	250	(3)
Answers to Self Tests	253	(15)
Dosage Problems for Infants and Children	268	(35)
Dosage Based on mg/kg and Body Surface Area	269	(14)
Converting Ounces to Pounds	269	(1)
Converting Pounds to Kilograms	269	(1)
Steps and Rule--mg/kg Body Weight	270	(8)
Determining BSA in m2	278	(2)
Steps and Rule--m2 Medication Orders	280	(3)
Administering Intravenous Medications	283	(5)
General Guidelines for Continuous IV Medications	288	(2)
Critical Thinking: Test Your Clinical Savvy	290	(3)
Answers to Self Tests	293	(10)
Dimensional Analysis	303	(28)
Oral Solid Medication Equation and Calculation	303	(2)
Oral Liquid Medication Equation and Calculation	305	(1)
Parenteral Liquid Medication Equation and Calculation	305	(1)
Insulin Equation and Calculation	306	(2)
Dimensional Analysis Method With Equivalency Conversions	308	(3)
Dimensional Analysis Method With Weight-Based Calculations	311	(2)
Calculation of Medications Based on BSA	312	(1)
Dimensional Analysis Method With Reconstitution of Medications	313	(2)
Dimensional Analysis Method With Calculation of Intravenous Fluids	315	(1)
Dimensional Analysis Method With Advanced Intravenous Calculations	316	(7)
Calculating mL/hr	316	(1)
Calculating mg/hr or Units/hr	317	(1)
Calculating mL/hr for Drugs Ordered in mg or mcg/min	318	(1)
Calculating mL/hr for Drugs Ordered in mcg/kg/min	319	(4)
Answers to Self Tests	323	(8)
Information Basic to Administering Drugs	331	(23)
Drug Knowledge	331	(4)
Generic and Trade Names	332	(1)
Classification	332	(1)
Pregnancy Category	332	(1)
Dosage and Route	333	(1)
Action	333	(1)
Indications	333	(1)
Side and Adverse Effects	333	(1)
Contraindications and Precautions	333	(1)
Interactions and Incompatibilities	334	(1)
Nursing Implications	334	(1)
Signs of Effectiveness	335	(1)
Patient Teaching	335	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	335	(2)
Absorption	335	(1)
Distribution	335	(1)
Biotransformation	336	(1)
Excretion	336	(1)
Tolerance	336	(1)
Cumulation	336	(1)
Half-Life	337	(1)
Legal Considerations	337	(3)
Criminal Law	337	(1)
Civil Law	338	(2)
Ethical Principles in Drug Administration	340	(1)
Autonomy	340	(1)
Truthfulness	340	(1)
Beneficence	341	(1)
Nonmaleficence	341	(1)
Confidentiality	341	(1)
Justice	341	(1)
Fidelity	341	(1)
Specific Points That May Be Helpful in Giving Medications	341	(5)
Three Checks and Five Rights	341	(1)
Medication Orders	342	(1)
Knowledge Base	343	(1)
Medication Safety	343	(1)
Oral Medications--Tablets and Capsules	344	(1)
Liquid Medications	344	(1)
Giving Medications	344	(1)
Charting	345	(1)
Evaluation	345	(1)
Error in Medication	345	(1)
Critical Thinking: Test Your Clinical Savvy	346	(7)
Answers to Self Tests	353	(1)
Administration Procedures	354	(37)
Universal or Standard Precautions Applied to Administration of Medications	354	(3)
General Safeguards in Administering Medications	354	(3)
Systems of Administration	357	(3)
Ticket System	357	(1)
Mobile Cart System	358	(1)
Computer Printouts	359	(1)
Routes of Administration	360	(19)
Oral Route	360	(1)
Parenteral Route	361	(9)
Administering Injections	370	(3)
Application to Skin and Mucous Membrane	373	(6)
Special Considerations	379	(1)
Neonatal and Pediatric Considerations	379	(1)
Geriatric Considerations	380	(1)
Critical Thinking: Test Your Clinical Savvy	380	(9)
Answers to Self Tests	389	(2)
Appendix A Proficiency Test Answers	391	(62)
Glossary	453	(6)
Index	459