Herbicides and Plant Physiology, 2nd Edition

by Andrew H. Cobb (Harper Adams University College); John P. H. Reade (Harper Adams University College)

• ISBN13: 9781444327809
• ISBN10: 1444327801
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-08-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Table of Contents

Preface

An Introduction to Weed Biology

Introduction

Distribution

The importance of weeds

Problems caused by weeds

Biology of weeds

A few examples of problem weeds

Positive attributes of weeds

The ever-changing weed spectrum

Weed control

References

Herbicide Discovery and Development

Introduction

Markets

Prospects

Environmental impact and relative toxicology

The search for novel active ingredients

The search for novel target sites

Mode of action studies

A lower limit for rates of herbicide application?

References

Herbicide Uptake and Movement

Introduction

The cuticle as a barrier to foliar uptake

Physicochemical aspects of foliar uptake

Herbicide formulation

Uptake by roots from soil

Herbicide translocation from roots to shoots

A case study: the formulation of acids

Recent developments

References

Herbicide Selectivity and Metabolism

Introduction

General principles

Herbicide safeners and synergists

References

Herbicides That Inhibit Photosynthesis

Introduction

Photosystems

Inhibition at Photosystem II

Photodamage and repair of Photosystem II

Structures and uses of Photosystem II inhibitors

Interference with electron flow at Photosystem I

RuBisCo activase

How treated plants die

References

Inhibitors of Pigment Biosynthesis

Inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis

Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis

Inhibition of plastoquinone biosynthesis

How treated plants die

Selectivity and metabolism

References

Auxin-Type Herbicides

Introduction

Structures and uses of auxin-type herbicides

Auxin, a natural plant growth regulator

Auxin receptors, gene expression and herbicides

Signal transduction

Auxin transport

An 'auxin' overdose

How treated plants die

Selectivity and metabolism

References

Inhibitors of Lipid Biosynthesis

Introduction

Structures and uses of graminicides

Inhibition of lipid biosynthesis

Anti-auxin activity of graminicides

How treated plants die

Selectivity

References

The Inhibition of Amino Acid Biosynthesis

Introduction

Overview of amino acid biosynthesis in plants

Inhibition of glutamine synthase

Inhibition of EPSP synthase

Inhibition of acetolactate synthase

Inhibition of histidine biosynthesis

References

The Disruption of Cell Division

Introduction

The cell cycle

Control of the cell cycle

Microtubule structure and function

Herbicidal interference with microtubules

Selectivity and metabolism

References

The Inhibition of Cellulose Biosynthesis

Introduction

Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors

Selectivity and metabolism

References

Herbicide Resistance

Introduction

Mechanisms of herbicide resistance

How resistance occurs

Chronology of herbicide resistance

Herbicide resistance case study - black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)

The future development of herbicide resistance

References

Herbicide-Tolerant Crops

Introduction

History of genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant crops

How genetically modified crops are produced

Genetically engineered herbicide tolerance to glyphosate

Genetically modified herbicide tolerance to glufosinate

Genetically modified herbicide tolerance to bromoxynil

Genetically modified herbicide tolerance to sulfonylureas

Genetically modified herbicide tolerance to 2,4-D

Genetically modified herbicide tolerance to fops and dims

Genetically modified herbicide tolerance to phytoene desaturase

Herbicide tolerance due to engineering of enhanced metabolism

Herbicide tolerance through means other than genetic modification

Genetically modified high-tolerance crops in practice: the UK Farm-Scale Evaluations, 2000-2

Future developments

References

Further Targets For Herbicide Development

Introduction

Protein turnover

Biological control of weeds

Natural products as leads for new herbicides

References

Glossary

Index

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