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Maps
Preface
Part I : Human Origins and Early Civilizations to 500 B.C.E.
CHAPTER 1 THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION
Early Humans and Their Culture
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Civilizations
Early Civilizations in the Middle East to About 1000 B.C.E.
A CLOSER LOOK Babylonian World Map
Ancient Near Eastern Empires
Early Indian Civilization
Early Chinese Civilization
The Rise of Civilization in the Americas
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 2 FOUR GREAT REVOLUTIONS IN THOUGHT AND RELIGION
Comparing the Four Great Revolutions
Philosophy in China
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Philosophy and Religion
Religion in India
A CLOSER LOOK Statue of Siddhartha Gotama asFasting Ascetic (2nd Century C.E.)
The Religion of the Israelites
Greek Philosophy
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD Judaism
Part II: Empires and Cultures of the Ancient World, 1000 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.
CHAPTER 3 GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION
The Bronze Age on Crete and on the Mainland to ca. 1150 B.C.E.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Achievement of Greek and Hellenistic Civilization
Greek “Middle Age” to ca. 750 B.C.E.
The Polis
Expansion of the Greek World
Life in Archaic Greece
Major City-States
The Persian Wars
A CLOSER LOOK The Trireme
Classical Greece
Emergence of the Hellenistic World
Hellenistic Culture
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 4 WEST ASIA, INNER ASIA, AND SOUTH ASIA TO 1000 C.E.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Indo-Iranian Roles in the Eurasian World before Islam
West and Inner Asia
The Ancient Background
The First Persian Empire in the Iranian Plateau (550—330 B.C.E.)
The Seleucid Successors to Alexander in the East (ca. 312—63 B.C.E.)
The Parthian Arsacid Empire (ca. 247 B.C.E.—223 C.E.)
The Sasanid Empire (224—651 C.E.)
South Asia to 1000 C.E.
The First Indian Empire: The Mauryas (321—185 B.C.E.)
The Consolidation of Indian Civilization (ca. 200 B.C.E.—300 C.E.)
A CLOSER LOOK Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath
The Golden Age of the Guptas (ca. 320—550 C.E.)
The Development of “Classical” Indian Civilization (ca. 300—1000 C.E.)
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD Hinduism
CHAPTER 5 AFRICA : EARLY HISTORY TO 1000 C.E.
Issues of Interpretation, Sources, and Disciplines
Physical Description of the Continent
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE “Traditional” Peoples and Nontraditional Histories
African Peoples
The Sahara and the Sudan to the Beginning of the Common Era
Nilotic Africa and the Ethiopian Highlands
The Western and Central Sudan
Central, Southern, and East Africa
A CLOSER LOOK Four Rock Art Paintings from Tassili n-Ajjer (4000—2000 B.C.E.)
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 6 REPUBLICAN AND IMPERIAL ROME
Prehistoric Italy
The Etruscans
Royal Rome
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Republican and Imperial Rome
The Republic
A CLOSER LOOK Lictors
Civilization in the Early Roman Republic:
Greek Influence
Roman Imperialism
The Fall of the Republic
The Augustan Principate
Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages
Peace and Prosperity: Imperial Rome (14—180 C.E.)
The Rise of Christianity
The Crisis of the Third Century
The Late Empire
Arts and Letters in the Late Empire
The Problem of the Decline and Fall of the Empire in the West
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 7 CHINA ’S FIRST EMPIRE, 221 B.C.E.—589 C.E.
Qin Unification of China
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE China’s First Empire
Former Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E.—8 C.E.)
A CLOSER LOOK The Terra-Cotta Army of the First Qin Emperor
Later Han (25—220 C.E.) and Its Aftermath
Han Thought and Religion
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Part III: Consolidation and Interaction of World Civilizations, 500 C.E. to 1500 C.E.
CHAPTER 8 IMPERIAL CHINA, 589—1368
Reestablishment of Empire: Sui (589—618) and Tang (618—907) Dynasties
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Imperial China
A CLOSER LOOK A Tang Painting of the Goddess of Mercy
Transition to Late Imperial China: The Song Dynasty (960—1279)
China in the Mongol World Empire: The Yuan Dynasty (1279—1368)
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9 EARLY JAPANESE HISTORY
Japanese Origins
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE East Asia
Nara and Heian Japan
Japan’s Early Feudal Age
A CLOSER LOOK The East Meets the East
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
RELIGIONS OF THE World Buddhism
CHAPTER 10 THE FORMATION OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION, 622—100
Origins and Early Development
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Early Islamic Worlds of Arab and Persian Cultures
Women in Early Islamic Society
Early Islamic Conquests
The New Islamic World Order
A CLOSER LOOK The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem (Interior)
The High Caliphate
Islamic Culture in the Classical Era
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 11 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND WESTERN EUROPE TO 1000
The End of the Western Roman Empire
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Early Middle Ages
The Impact of Islam on East and West
The Developing Roman Church
The Kingdom of the Franks
A CLOSER LOOK A Multicultural Book Cover
Feudal Society
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 12 THE ISLAMIC WORLD, 1000—1500
the islamic heartlands
Religion and Society
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Expansion of Islamic Civilization, 1000—1500
Regional Developments
A CLOSER LOOK Al-Hariri, Assemblies (Maqamat)
The Spread of Islam beyond the Heartlands
Islamic India and Southeast Asia
The Spread of Islam to South Asia
Muslim—Hindu Encounter
Islamic States and Dynasties
Religious and Cultural Accommodation
Hindu and Other Indian Traditions
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 13 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE AMERICAS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Ancient Civilizations of the Americas
Problems in Reconstructing the History of Native American Civilization
Mesoamerica
The Formative Period and the Emergence of Mesoamerican Civilization
The Classic Period in Mesoamerica
A CLOSER LOOK The Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacán
The Post-Classic Period
Andean South America
The Preceramic and the Initial Periods
Chavín de Huantar and the Early Horizon
The Early Intermediate Period
The Middle Horizon through the Late
Intermediate Period
The Inca Empire
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 14 AFRICA CA. 1000—1700
North Africa and Egypt
The Spread of Islam South of the Sahara
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Africa, 1000—1700
Sahelian Empires of the Western and Central Sudan
The Eastern Sudan
The Forestlands–Coastal West and
Central Africa
A CLOSER LOOK Benin Bronze Plaque with Chief and Two Attendants
East Africa
Southern Africa
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 15 EUROPE TO THE EARLY 1500S: REVIVAL, DECLINE, AND RENAISSANCE
Revival of Empire, Church, and Towns
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The High Middle Ages in Western Europe
A CLOSER LOOK European Embrace of a Black Saint
Society
Growth of National Monarchies
Political and Social Breakdown
Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival:
The Late Medieval Church
The Renaissance in Italy (1375—1527)
Revival of Monarchy: Nation Building in the Fifteenth Century
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Part IV: The World in Transition, 1500 to 1850
CHAPTER 16 EUROPE , 1500—1650: EXPANSION, REFORMATION, AND RELIGIOUS WARS
The Discovery of a New World
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE European Expansion
The Reformation
The Reformation’s Achievements
A CLOSER LOOK A Contemporary Commentary on the Sexes
The Wars of Religion
Superstition and Enlightenment: The Battle Within
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD Christianity
CHAPTER 17 CONQUEST AND EXPLOITATION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSATLANTIC ECONOMY
Periods of European Overseas Expansion
Mercantilist Theory of Economic Exploitation
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Atlantic World
Establishment of the Spanish Empire in America
Economies of Exploitation in the Spanish Empire
Colonial Brazil
French and British Colonies in North America
The Columbian Exchange: Disease, Animals, and Agriculture
Slavery in the Americas
Africa and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
A CLOSER LOOK The Slave Ship Brookes
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Suggested Readings
Credits
Index
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