High Frequency Electromagnetic Dosimetry

by Sanchez-Hernandez, David A.

• ISBN13: 9781596933972
• ISBN10: 1596933976
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-04-30
• Publisher: Artech House

Summary

Along with the growth of RF and microwave technology applications, there is a mounting concern about the possible adverse effects over human health from electromagnetic radiation. Addressing this issue and putting it into perspective, this groundbreaking resource provides critical details on the latest advances in high frequency electromagnetic dosimetry. The book takes a scientific and rigorous engineering point of view, helping you achieve highly accurate exposure assessments.

Author Biography

David A. Snchez-Hernndez received the Readership from the Technical University of Cartagena, Spain, where he serves as head of the Radio Communications Engineering Group. He is also the editor of Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals (Artech House, 2008), and he has written, cowritten, and contributed to numerous books, more than 40 technical papers, and 9 patents. He is also a reviewer of several international journals. Dr. Snchez-Hernndez earned his Ph.D. in communications systems at King's College London, University of London.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Exposure Scenarios	p. 5
The Nature of the Interaction: Rationale for Limiting Exposure to EMF	p. 7
International Scientific Messages	p. 9
Risk Communication and Perception	p. 11
The Reason for Writing this Book	p. 13
References	p. 16
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fields Interaction with Matter	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Electromagnetic Dosimetry	p. 22
Definition	p. 22
Electromagnetic Fields and Matter	p. 23
Specific Absorption Rate	p. 27
Dielectric Properties	p. 29
Measurement Techniques	p. 29
Current Knowledge on Dielectric Properties	p. 38
The Role of Tissue Dielectric Properties and Geometry on Electromagnetic Dosimetry	p. 46
Heat Generation	p. 50
Bioheat Equation	p. 50
Thermal Properties of Human Tissues	p. 56
Conclusions	p. 57
References	p. 59
Far-Field Numerical Electromagnetic Dosimetry	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Electromagnetic Exposure Evaluation and Compliance Testing	p. 69
Human Body and Source Modeling	p. 71
Human Body Model	p. 71
Source Modeling	p. 76
Simulation Techniques	p. 82
References	p. 85
Near-Field Numerical Electromagnetic Dosimetry	p. 93
Phantom and Source Modeling	p. 93
Phantom Developments	p. 93
Source Modeling	p. 100
Simulation Techniques	p. 103
Averaging Strategies	p. 109
Meshing Strategies	p. 110
References	p. 111
In Situ Measured Exposure Assessment and Compliance Testing	p. 121
Introduction	p. 121
Preevaluation	p. 124
Instrumentation for Measurement	p. 126
Broadband Probes	p. 126
Narrowband Equipment	p. 128
Antennas	p. 129
Digital Mobile Communications Measuring Instrument	p. 132
Volunteer Studies	p. 132
Accurate Far-Field Compliance Testing for 2G Measurements	p. 134
Measurement Campaigns	p. 134
Measurement Procedures	p. 137
Base Station Activity Determination	p. 140
Broadband Measurements	p. 143
Data Acquisition and Evaluation of Compliance with Broadband Probes	p. 144
Narrowband Measurements	p. 146
Data Acquisition and Evaluation of Compliance with Narrowband Probes	p. 147
Accurate Far-Field Compliance Testing for 3G Measurements	p. 153
The Need for Measurements	p. 153
The UMTS Downlink Signal	p. 154
References	p. 158
Near-Field SAR Measurements with Automated Scanning Systems	p. 165
Introduction	p. 165
Dosimetric Assessment System	p. 167
SAR Assessment System	p. 167
Portable SAR Systems	p. 169
Sources of Inaccuracies	p. 171
References	p. 172
The Effect of Metallic Objects on SAR Distributions	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Perfectly Conducting Spectacles and Eye Implants	p. 177
Electrodes and Wire-Leads	p. 180
Pins	p. 183
Plates	p. 184
Rings, Piercings, and Auditory Implants	p. 186
Stents	p. 202
References	p. 202
Worldwide Standardization and Guideline Discrepancies	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
Extremities and Mass- and Time-Averaging	p. 210
Volume Averaging	p. 212
Regulations	p. 213
References	p. 216
Medical Applications of High Frequency Electromagnetic Energy	p. 221
Electromagnetic Therapy and Hypothermia	p. 221
Biological Response and Risk	p. 222
Therapeutic Applications	p. 223
Cardiac Treatments	p. 224
Urological Pathologies	p. 225
Gastric Pathologies	p. 227
Tumor Ablation	p. 227
Sleep Breathing Disorders	p. 230
Endometrial Ablation	p. 230
Assistance to Arthroscopic Surgery	p. 231
Assistance to Lipoclasty	p. 232
Conclusions and Future Research	p. 232
References	p. 233
Conclusions	p. 237
References	p. 240
Acronyms	p. 243
About the Editor	p. 249
About the Contributors	p. 249
Index	p. 253
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