High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts With Oxyanions

by Stern; Kurt H.

• ISBN13: 9780849302565
• ISBN10: 0849302560
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-09-21
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Twenty years ago author Kurt Stern produced four monographs for the National Bureau of Standards on the high-temperature properties of inorganic salts containing oxyanions. Although relied upon by scientists and engineers around the world, these monographs have now become increasingly difficult to access and increasingly outdated.High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions unifies, expands upon, and brings up-to-date those standard-setting documents. It offers both qualitative and quantitative information on the behavior and properties of approximately 300 compounds, complete with thermodynamic tables of decomposition equilibria and information regarding decomposition kinetics. For each class of compounds, an existence chart in the form of a periodic table tells you at a glance which compounds are known to exist, those whose existence is uncertain, and those about which nothing is known. Supplementary tables give information about phase transitions and densities in both solid and liquid phases.Within this single volume, the author provides a comprehensive, critical review of the high-temperature properties of all the major classes of inorganic salts with oxyanions. If you work with materials or processes that involve salts at elevated temperatures, you now have an authoritative resource that obviates the need to perform extensive literature searches, data evaluations, and thermodynamic calculations-and saves you time.

Author Biography

Dr. Kurt H. Stern obtained his B.A. degree in chemistry from Drew University in Madison, NJ in 1948, his M.S. degree in physical chemistry from the University of Michigan in 1950, and a Ph.D. from Clark University under Prof. Arthur Martell in 1953. He then joined the faculty of the University of Arkansas. In 1959, while spending a sabbatical year at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, he was asked to join the staff and to start a program in molten salt electrochemistry. While at NBS he became involved in the formation of the National Standards Reference Data Program. In 1969 he moved to the Naval Research Laboratory where he continued his research. He retired from active research in 1991

Table of Contents

Introduction
General	1	(1)
Equilibrium Calculations	2	(1)
Phase Transitions	3	(1)
Density	3	(1)
Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition	4	(11)
General	4	(1)
Mechanism of Endothermic Solid State Decomposition	4	(1)
Kinetic Equations	5	(1)
Nucleus Formation	5	(1)
Growth of Nuclei	6	(2)
Surface Area Changes during Decomposition	8	(1)
The Effect of Pressure on Rate	9	(2)
Activation Energy	11	(1)
The Effect of Preparation Method on Rate	12	(1)
The Effect of Heat Transfer on Rate	12	(1)
The Influence of Crystal Defect Structure on Decomposition Rate	13	(1)
References	13	(2)
Carbonates
Introduction	15	(1)
Structure of the Carbonate Ion	15	(1)
General Features of Carbonate Decomposition	15	(1)
Phase Transitions	16	(1)
Density	16	(1)
CO, CO2, and O2	16	(1)
The Individual Carbonates	17	(36)
Barium	17	(1)
Bervllium	17	(1)
Cadmium	17	(1)
Calcium	17	(1)
Cesium	17	(1)
Cobalt	17	(1)
Copper	18	(1)
Iron	18	(1)
Lead	18	(1)
Lithium	19	(1)
Magnesium	19	(1)
Manganese	19	(1)
Mercury	20	(1)
HgCO3	20	(1)
Hg2CO3	20	(1)
Nickel	20	(1)
Potassium	20	(1)
Rare Earths	20	(1)
Rubidium	21	(1)
Silver	21	(1)
Sodium	21	(1)
Strontium	21	(1)
Thallium	22	(1)
Zinc	22	(28)
References	50	(3)
Sulfites
General	53	(1)
Individual Sulfites	53	(6)
Barium	53	(1)
Cadmum	54	(1)
Calcium	54	(1)
Cesium	54	(1)
Cobalt	54	(1)
Iron	54	(1)
Lead	55	(1)
Lithium	55	(1)
Magnesium	55	(1)
Manganese	55	(1)
Potassium	55	(1)
Rare Earths	55	(1)
Silver	56	(1)
Sodium	56	(1)
Strontium	56	(1)
Zinc	56	(2)
References	58	(1)
Sulfates
General	59	(1)
Decomposition Equilibria	59	(1)
Individual Sulfates	60	(75)
Aluminum	60	(1)
Antimony	60	(1)
Barium	60	(1)
Beryllium	60	(1)
Bismuth	61	(1)
Cadmium	61	(1)
Calcium	61	(1)
Cesium	61	(1)
Chromium	61	(1)
Cobalt	62	(1)
Copper	62	(1)
Gallium	63	(1)
Hafnium	63	(1)
Indium	63	(1)
Iron	63	(2)
Lead	65	(1)
Lithium	65	(1)
Magnesium	65	(1)
Manganese	65	(1)
Mercury	66	(1)
Nickel	66	(1)
Potassium	66	(1)
Radium	66	(1)
Rare Earths	66	(2)
Cerium	68	(1)
Dysprosium	68	(1)
Erbium	68	(1)
Europium	68	(1)
Gadolinium	68	(1)
Holmium	68	(1)
Lanthanum	68	(1)
Neodymium	68	(1)
Praesodymium	68	(1)
Samarium	68	(1)
Terbium	69	(1)
Thulium	69	(1)
Ytterbium	69	(1)
Rhodium	69	(1)
Rubidium	69	(1)
Scandium	69	(1)
Silver	69	(1)
Sodium	69	(1)
Strontium	70	(1)
Tantalum	70	(1)
Thallium	70	(1)
Thorium	70	(1)
Tin	70	(1)
Titanium	70	(1)
Uranium	71	(1)
Vanadium	71	(1)
Zinc	71	(1)
Zirconium	72	(60)
References	132	(3)
Nitrites and Nitrates
Gaseous Equilibria in the N-O System	135	(1)
The Nitrites	135	(1)
The Nitrites	136	(3)
General	136	(1)
Decomposition Equilibria	137	(2)
Individual Nitrites and Nitrates	139	(46)
Aluminum	139	(1)
Barium	139	(1)
Ba(NO2)2	139	(1)
Ba(NO3)2	140	(1)
Beryllium	140	(1)
Bismuth	141	(1)
Cadmium	141	(1)
Cd(NO2)2	141	(1)
Cd(NO3)2	141	(1)
Calcium	141	(1)
Ca(NO2)2	141	(1)
Ca(NO3)2	142	(1)
Cesium	142	(1)
CsNO2	142	(1)
CsNO3	142	(1)
Chromium	142	(1)
Cobalt	143	(1)
Co(NO2)2	143	(1)
Co(NO3)2	143	(1)
Copper	143	(1)
Cu(NO2)2	143	(1)
Cu(NO3)2	143	(1)
Gallium	143	(1)
Gold	143	(1)
Hafnium	143	(1)
Indium	144	(1)
Iron	144	(1)
Lead	144	(1)
Pb(NO2)2	144	(1)
Pb(NO3)2	144	(1)
Lithium	145	(1)
LiNO2	145	(1)
LiNO3	145	(1)
Magnesium	146	(1)
Manganese	146	(1)
Mercury	146	(1)
Hg(NO2)2	146	(1)
HgNO3	146	(1)
Hg(NO3)2	146	(1)
Nickel	147	(1)
Ni(NO2)2	147	(1)
Ni(NO3)2	147	(1)
Palladium	147	(1)
Pd(NO2)2	147	(1)
Pd(NO3)2	147	(1)
Potassium	147	(1)
KNO2	147	(1)
KNO3	148	(1)
Radium	148	(1)
Rare Earths	148	(1)
Nitrites	148	(1)
Nitrates	149	(1)
Rubidium	149	(1)
RbNO2	149	(1)
RbNO3	149	(1)
Scandium	150	(1)
Silver	150	(1)
AgNO2	150	(1)
AgNO3	150	(1)
Sodium	150	(1)
NaNO2	150	(1)
NaNO3	151	(1)
Strontium	151	(1)
Sr(NO2)2	151	(1)
Sr(NO3)2	152	(1)
Thallium	152	(1)
TINO2	153	(1)
TINO3	153	(1)
Thorium	153	(1)
Tin	153	(1)
Titanium	153	(1)
Zinc	153	(1)
Zirconium	153	(28)
References	181	(4)
Oxysalts of the Halogens
General	185	(1)
Phase Transitions	185	(1)
Density	185	(1)
Chemistry of the Halogen Oxysalts	185	(4)
References	187	(2)
Oxysalts of Chlorine
General	189	(1)
Classes of Oxychlorin Salts	189	(3)
Chlorites	189	(1)
Chlorates	190	(1)
Perchlorates	191	(1)
Individual Salts	192	(29)
Aluminum	192	(1)
Barium	192	(1)
Ba(ClO2)2	192	(1)
Ba(ClO3)2	193	(1)
Ba(ClO4)2	193	(1)
Cadmium	193	(1)
Cd(ClO3)2	193	(1)
Cd(ClO4)2	194	(1)
Calcium	194	(1)
Ca(ClO)2	194	(1)
Ca(ClO2)2	194	(1)
Ca(ClO3)2	194	(1)
Ca(ClO4)2	194	(1)
Cesium	195	(1)
CsClO2	195	(1)
CsClO3	195	(1)
CsClO4	195	(1)
Cobalt	196	(1)
Copper	196	(1)
Cu(ClO2)2	196	(1)
CuClO4	196	(1)
Cu(ClO4)2	196	(1)
Iron	197	(1)
Fe(ClO4)	197	(1)
Lead	197	(1)
Pb(ClO2)2	197	(1)
Pb(ClO3)2	197	(1)
Pb(ClO4)2	197	(1)
Lithium	197	(1)
LiClO	197	(1)
LiClO2	198	(1)
LiClO3	198	(1)
LiClO4	198	(1)
Magnesium	199	(1)
Mg(ClO2)2	199	(1)
Mg(ClO3)2	199	(1)
Mg(ClO4)2	199	(1)
Manganese	200	(1)
Mercury	200	(1)
Hg2(ClO2)2	200	(1)
Hg(ClO2)2	200	(1)
Hg(ClO3)2	200	(1)
Hg2(ClO4)2	200	(1)
Nickel	200	(1)
Ni(ClO3)2	200	(1)
Ni(ClO4)2	201	(1)
Potassium	201	(1)
KClO2	201	(1)
KClO3	201	(1)
KClO4	202	(1)
Rare Earths	203	(1)
Chlorites	203	(1)
Chlorates	203	(1)
Perchlorates	203	(1)
Rubidium	204	(1)
RbClO2	204	(1)
RbClO3	204	(1)
RbClO4	204	(1)
Scandium	205	(1)
Silver	205	(1)
AgClO2	205	(1)
AgClO3	205	(1)
AgClO4	206	(1)
Sodium	206	(1)
NaClO2	206	(1)
NaClO3	206	(1)
NaClO4	207	(1)
Strontium	208	(1)
Sr(ClO2)2	208	(1)
Sr(ClO3)2	208	(1)
Sr(ClO4)2	208	(1)
Thallium	208	(1)
TlClO2	208	(1)
TlClO3	208	(1)
TlClO4	209	(1)
Thorium	209	(1)
Th(ClO4)4	209	(1)
Tin	209	(1)
Perchlorates	209	(1)
Yttrium	209	(1)
Y(ClO4)2	209	(1)
Zinc	209	(1)
Zn(ClO3)2	209	(1)
Zn(ClO4)2	210	(8)
References	218	(3)
Oxysalts of Bromine
General	221	(1)
Classes of Oxybromine Salts	221	(3)
Bromites	221	(1)
Bromates	221	(3)
Perbromates	224	(1)
Individual Bromine Oxysalts	224	(13)
Barium	224	(1)
Ba(BrO2)2	224	(1)
Ba(BrO3)2	225	(1)
Ba(BrO4)2	225	(1)
Cadmium	225	(1)
Cd(BrO3)2	225	(1)
Calcium	225	(1)
Ca(BrO3)2	225	(1)
Ca(BrO4)2	226	(1)
Cesium	226	(1)
CsBrO3	226	(1)
CsBrO4	226	(1)
Copper	226	(1)
Cu(BrO3)2	226	(1)
Lead	226	(1)
Pb(BrO3)2	226	(1)
Lithium	226	(1)
LiBrO2	226	(1)
LiBrO3	227	(1)
LiBrO4	227	(1)
Magnesium	227	(1)
Mg(BrO3)2	227	(1)
Mg(BrO4)2	227	(1)
Mercury	227	(1)
HgBrO3	227	(1)
Hg(BrO3)2	228	(1)
Nickel	228	(1)
Ni(BrO3)2	228	(1)
Potassium	228	(1)
KBrO3	228	(1)
KBrO4	228	(1)
Rare Earths	228	(1)
Bromates	228	(1)
Rubidium	229	(1)
RbBrO3	229	(1)
RbBrO4	229	(1)
Silver	229	(1)
AgBrO3	229	(1)
Sodium	229	(1)
NaBrO3	229	(1)
NaBrO4	230	(1)
Strontium	230	(1)
Sr(BrO3)2	230	(1)
Sr(BrO4)2	230	(1)
Thallium	230	(1)
TlBrO3	230	(1)
Zinc	231	(3)
References	234	(3)
Oxysalts of Iodine
General	237	(1)
Classes of Oxyiodine Salts	237	(4)
Iodites	237	(1)
Iodates	237	(3)
Periodates	240	(1)
Individual Salts	241
Aluminum	241
Al(IO3)3	241
Barium	241
Ba(IO3)2	241
Ba(IO4)2	241
Ba5(IO6)2	241
Bismuth	241
Cadmium	242
Cd(IO3)2	242
Cd3(IO5)2	242
Cd5(IO6)2	242
Cd2I2O9	242
Calcium	242
Ca(IO3)2, Ca5(IO6)2	242
CaI2O9	243
Cesium	243
CsIO3	243
CsIO4	243
Chromium	244
Cr(IO3)3	244
Cobalt	244
Co(IO3)2	244
Copper	244
Cu(IO3)2	244
Indium	244
In(IO3)3	244
InIO5	244
Iron	244
Fe(IO3)3	244
Fe5(IO6)2	245
Fe(IO4)3	245
Fe5(IO6)3	245
Lead	245
Pb(IO3)2	245
Pb(IO3)4	245
Pb(IO4)2	245
Pb3(IO5)2	245
Lithium	245
LiIO3	245
Li2IO4	246
Li5IO6	246
Magnesium	246
Mg(IO3)2	246
Mg(IO4)2	246
Mg2I2O9	246
Manganese	247
Mn(IO3)2	247
Mn3(IO5)2	247
Mercury	247
Hg2(IO3)2	247
Hg(IO3)2	247
Hg2(IO4)2	247
Hg5(IO6)2	247
Hg4I2O9	247
Nickel	248
Ni(IO3)2	248
Ni3(IO5)2	248
Ni2I2O4	248
Plutonium	248
Pu(IO3)4	248
Potassium	248
KIO3	248
Periodates	249
KIO4	249
K4I2O9 (2 K2O.I2O7)	249
K3IO5 (3 K2O.I2O7)	249
K5IO6 (5 K2O.I2O7)	249
Radium	249
Ra(IO3)2	249
Rare Earths	250
Iodates	250
Periodates	250
Rubidium	250
RbIO3	250
RbIO4	251
Silver	251
AgIO3	251
AgIO4	251
AgIO5	251
Ag5IO6	252
Ag4I2O9	252
Sodium	252
NaIO2	252
NaIO3	252
Na2IO4	252
NaIO4	252
Na5IO6	253
Strontium	253
Sr(IO3)2	253
Sr5(IO6)2	253
SrI2O9	253
Thallium	253
TI(IO3)3	253
TI5IO6	254
Thorium	254
Th(IO3)4	254
Titanium	254
Ti(IO3)4	254
Yttrium	254
Y(IO3)3	254
YIO5	254
Zinc	254
Zn(IO3)2	254
Zn(IO5)2	255
Zirconium	255
Zr(IO3)4	255
References	263