Higher Education and International Student Mobility in the Global Knowledge Economy

by Gnrnz, Kemal

• ISBN13: 9780791474136
• ISBN10: 0791474135
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-04-10
• Publisher: State Univ of New York Pr

Summary

Demonstrates how the international mobility of students, scholars, programs and institutions of higher education evolved over time, and the ways in which it is occuring in today's global knowledge economy.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
List of Abbreviations	p. xv
The Global Knowledge Economy and Higher Education	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Globalization and the Knowledge Economy	p. 3
The Industrial Society	p. 3
Transformation to the Knowledge Society and the Global Knowledge Economy	p. 5
The Global Higher Education Agenda	p. 14
Enrollment and Increasing Demand	p. 21
Increasing Demand	p. 21
Demographic Shift and Nontraditional Students	p. 31
Increasing Demand and International Student Mobility	p. 34
The Rise of Market Forces	p. 35
Historical Background	p. 35
Public Spending and Tuition Fees	p. 37
Private Institutions	p. 44
Changing Patterns of Governance	p. 52
Historical Background	p. 52
The State, the Academia, and the Society as Actors in Governance	p. 56
Transformation from the Regulatory to the Evaluative State	p. 58
Spread of Lay Governance, Strengthened Institutional Leadership, and a Redefinition of Autonomy	p. 67
The Rise of Market Forces in Relation to International Student Mobility	p. 77
New Providers of Higher Education	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Impact of Technology	p. 80
Impact of Technology on Traditional Institutions	p. 83
Distributed Learning	p. 83
Virtual Arms and Unbundling of Services in Traditional Institutions	p. 86
Types of New Providers	p. 91
Consortia and Networks	p. 91
For-Profit Higher Education	p. 93
Virtual Universities	p. 99
Corporate Universities	p. 100
Certificate Programs	p. 102
Museums, Libraries, Publishers, and Media Enterprises	p. 103
Academic Brokers	p. 103
Franchises and Branch Campuses	p. 105
The Global Higher Education Market	p. 113
Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education	p. 117
Historical Antecedents	p. 117
International Academic Mobility in the Greco-Roman and the Muslim Worlds	p. 117
International Academic Mobility in Medieval Times	p. 120
International Academic Mobility: 1500-1800	p. 123
The Birth of the Napoleonic University and the German Research University	p. 127
International Academic Mobility in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries	p. 129
The Emergence of the Modern American University	p. 132
Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education since 1950	p. 135
Definition of Terms	p. 138
Globalization and Internationalization	p. 138
Rationales for Internationalization of Higher Education	p. 140
The European Response: The Bologna Process	p. 144
Chronological Background	p. 144
An Evaluation of the Bologna Process	p. 146
GATS: A "Commercial/Anglo-Saxon Response"	p. 149
Quality Assurance in Transnational Higher Education: "Multinational Organizational Responses"	p. 154
The Global Higher Education Agenda and International Student Mobility	p. 158
International Student Mobility	p. 161
The Global Picture Today	p. 161
Major Host Countries	p. 170
United States of America	p. 170
Enrollment Statistics	p. 170
An Evaluation of Internationalization Policies of the United States	p. 186
The United Kingdom	p. 191
Germany	p. 195
France	p. 198
Australia	p. 201
Other Major and Emerging Host Countries	p. 204
Japan	p. 204
Russia	p. 207
Canada	p. 208
New Zealand	p. 210
Major Countries of Origin of Foreign Students	p. 213
China: A Major Source Country and an Emerging Major Host Country	p. 213
India	p. 216
Other Major Countries of Origin	p. 218
Regional Breakdown of International Student Mobility	p. 229
International Student Mobility and International Migration	p. 232
Concluding Remarks	p. 237
Data on Enrollment and Expenditures in National Systems and International Student Mobility	p. 245
Definition of Terms Related to Evaluation and Quality Assurance	p. 257
The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System and the Diploma Supplement	p. 259
Recognition of Qualifications in Europe	p. 263
Education, Training, and Youth Programs of the European Union	p. 267
Definitions of Foreign Students	p. 271
General Agreement on Trade in Services	p. 275
Notes	p. 281
Bibliography	p. 295
Index	p. 317
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