High-Speed Networking A Systematic Approach to High-Bandwidth Low-Latency Communication

by Sterbenz, James P. G.; Touch, Joseph D.

• ISBN13: 9780471330363
• ISBN10: 0471330361
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-05-02
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Leading authorities deliver the commandments for designing high-speed networks There are no end of books touting the virtues of one or another high-speed networking technology, but until now, there were none offering networking professionals a framework for choosing and integrating the best ones for their organization's networking needs. Written by two world-renowned experts in the field of high-speed network design, this book outlines a total strategy for designing high-bandwidth, low-latency systems. Using real-world implementation examples to illustrate their points, the authors cover all aspects of network design, including network components, network architectures, topologies, protocols, application interactions, and more.

Author Biography

JAMES P. G. STERBENZ is Senior Network Scientist and Manager at BBN Technologies. Involved in high-speed technology research and development for many years, he has held leadership positions as chair of IEEE Communications Society Technical Committee on Gigabit Networking and the IFI Protocols for High-Speed Networks international steering committee. <BR>

Table of Contents

Networking Council Foreword	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
Introduction	1	(12)
Bandwidth and Latency	2	(1)
Individual Delay	2	(1)
Aggregate Bandwidth	3	(1)
What is High Speed?	3	(3)
High-Speed Technologies	4	(1)
Barriers and Constraints	4	(2)
Organization of This Book	6	(6)
Introduction	6	(1)
Fundamentals and Design Principles	7	(2)
Network Architecture and Topology	9	(1)
Network Control and Signaling	10	(1)
Network Components	10	(1)
End Systems	10	(1)
End-to-End Protocols	11	(1)
Network Applications	11	(1)
Future Directions and Conclusion	12	(1)
Who Should Read This Book	12	(1)
Fundamentals and Design Principles	13	(66)
A Brief History of Networking	14	(6)
First Generation: Emergence	16	(1)
Second Generation: The Internet	16	(1)
Third Generation: Convergence and the Web	17	(2)
Fourth Generation: Scale, Ubiquity, and Mobility	19	(1)
Drivers and Constraints	20	(11)
Applications	20	(3)
The Ideal Network	23	(4)
Limiting Constraints	27	(4)
Design Principles and Tradeoffs	31	(32)
Critical Path	34	(3)
Resource Tradeoffs	37	(2)
End-to-End versus Hop-by-Hop	39	(2)
Protocol Layering	41	(8)
State and Hierarchy	49	(5)
Control Mechanisms	54	(6)
Distribution of Application Data	60	(1)
Protocol Data Units	61	(2)
Design Techniques	63	(9)
Scaling Time and Space	63	(1)
Cheating and Masking the Speed of Light	64	(1)
Specialized Hardware Implementation	65	(1)
Parallelism and Pipelining	65	(3)
Data Structure Optimization	68	(2)
Latency Reduction	70	(2)
Summary	72	(7)
Further Reading	72	(1)
Key Axioms	73	(2)
Key Design Principles	75	(4)
Network Architecture and Topology	79	(40)
Topology and Geography	80	(15)
Scalability	81	(1)
Latency	82	(6)
Bandwidth	88	(2)
Virtual Overlays and Lightpaths	90	(4)
Practical Constraints	94	(1)
Scale	95	(15)
Network Engineering	95	(2)
Hierarchy	97	(4)
Bandwidth Aggregation and Isolation	101	(1)
Latency Optimization	102	(1)
Wireless Network Density	103	(4)
Practical Constraints	107	(3)
Resource Tradeoffs	110	(6)
Bandwidth, Processing, and Memory	111	(1)
Latency as a Constraint	112	(2)
Relative Scaling with High Speed	114	(1)
Active Networking	115	(1)
Summary	116	(3)
Further Reading	116	(1)
Key Network Topology Principles	117	(2)
Network Control and Signaling	119	(46)
Signaling and Control	121	(27)
Circuit and Message Switching	122	(4)
Packet Switching	126	(2)
Fast Packet Switching	128	(6)
Intermediate Control Mechanisms	134	(5)
Fast Circuit and Burst Switching	139	(4)
Multicast Flows	143	(2)
Session Control	145	(3)
Traffic Management	148	(9)
Resource Reservation	151	(1)
Network-Based Congestion Control	152	(5)
Path Routing Dynamics	157	(4)
Multipoint Groups	158	(1)
Node Mobility	159	(2)
Monitoring and Management	161	(2)
Summary	163	(2)
Further Reading	163	(1)
Axioms and Principles	163	(2)
Network Components	165	(120)
Links	167	(28)
Physical Transmission Media	167	(9)
Link Technologies	176	(12)
Link-Layer Components	188	(4)
Support for Higher Layers	192	(3)
Switches and Routers	195	(7)
Switching	196	(3)
Traditional Store-and-Forward Routers	199	(2)
Ideal Switch Architecture	201	(1)
Fast Packet Switches	202	(24)
Switch Architecture	202	(1)
Input and Label Processing	203	(3)
Packet Size and Variability	206	(7)
Packet Structure	213	(2)
Traffic Management	215	(8)
Functional Partitioning	223	(3)
Switch Fabric Architecture	226	(23)
Buffering	227	(6)
Single-Stage Shared Elements	233	(3)
Single-Stage Space Division Elements	236	(5)
Multistage Switches	241	(5)
Multicast Support	246	(3)
Fast Datagram Switches	249	(25)
Overall Architecture and Performance	251	(3)
Fast Forwarding Lookup	254	(14)
Packet Classification and Filtering	268	(3)
Output Processing and Packet Scheduling	271	(3)
Higher-Layer and Active Processing	274	(5)
Alternative Strategies	275	(1)
Active Network Nodes	275	(4)
Summary	279	(6)
Further Reading	280	(1)
Network Component Axioms and Principles	281	(4)
End Systems	285	(58)
End System Components	287	(9)
End System Hardware	287	(1)
End System Software	288	(1)
End System Bottlenecks	289	(2)
Traditional End System Implementation	291	(3)
Ideal End System Architecture	294	(2)
Protocol and OS Software	296	(17)
Protocol Software	297	(4)
Operating Systems	301	(8)
Protocol Software Optimizations	309	(4)
End System Organization	313	(13)
Host Interconnects	314	(4)
Host-Network Interconnection Alternatives	318	(3)
Host-Network Interface Issues	321	(5)
Host-Network Interface	326	(14)
Offloading of Communication Processing	327	(3)
Network Interface Design	330	(10)
Summary	340	(3)
Further Reading	340	(1)
End System Axioms and Principles	341	(2)
End-to-End Protocols	343	(88)
Functions and Mechanisms	344	(16)
End-to-End Semantics	345	(7)
End-to-End Mechanisms	352	(1)
Transport Protocols	353	(4)
Control of State	357	(3)
State Management	360	(18)
Impact of High Speed	360	(4)
Transfer Modes	364	(9)
State Establishment and Maintenance	373	(4)
Assumed Initial Conditions	377	(1)
Framing and Multiplexing	378	(8)
Framing and Fragmentation	378	(4)
Application Layer Framing	382	(2)
Multiplexing	384	(2)
Error Control	386	(14)
Types and Causes of Errors	386	(4)
Impact of High Speed	390	(1)
Closed-Loop Retransmission	391	(7)
Open-Loop Error Control	398	(2)
Flow and Congestion Control	400	(22)
Impact of High Speed	402	(1)
Open-Loop Rate Control	402	(6)
Closed-Loop Flow Control	408	(1)
Closed-Loop Congestion Control	409	(8)
Hybrid Flow and Congestion Control	417	(5)
Security and Information Assurance	422	(5)
End-to-End Security	423	(2)
High-Speed Security	425	(2)
Summary	427	(4)
Further Reading	427	(1)
End-to-End Axioms and Principles	428	(3)
Networked Applications	431	(58)
Application Characteristics	433	(14)
Bandwidth	434	(4)
Latency	438	(6)
Error Tolerance	444	(1)
Application Flow Characteristics	445	(2)
Application Categories	447	(7)
Information Access	447	(5)
Telepresence	452	(1)
Distributed Computing	453	(1)
Composed Applications	453	(1)
Nonhigh-Speed Applications	454	(1)
Application Adaptation	454	(24)
Latency Reduction	456	(11)
Bandwidth Improvement	467	(7)
Scaling and Aggregation	474	(2)
Application Layer Framing	476	(1)
Mobile and Wireless Applications	476	(2)
Application-Network Interaction	478	(7)
Network Control (Knobs)	479	(1)
Network Feedback (Dials)	480	(2)
Transparency and Dependence	482	(2)
Legacy Issues	484	(1)
Summary	485	(4)
Further Reading	485	(1)
Application Axioms and Principles	486	(3)
Future Directions and Conclusion	489	(12)
Looking toward the Future	489	(10)
Changing Resource Tradeoffs	491	(3)
Technology and Applications	494	(5)
Conclusion	499	(2)
References	501	(54)
Appendix A Axioms and Principles	555	(20)
Appendix B Acronyms	575	(6)
Index	581