High-Speed Networks and Internets : Performance and Quality of Service

by Stallings, William

• ISBN13: 9780130322210
• ISBN10: 0130322210
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

William Stallings offers the most comprehensive technical book to address a wide range of design issues of high-speed TCP/IP and ATM networks in print to date. High-Speed Networks and Internets presents both the professional and advanced student an up-to-date survey of key issues. The Companion Website and the author's Web page offer unmatched support for students and instructors. The book features the prominent use of figures and tables and an up-to-date bibliography. In this second edition, this award-winning and best-selling author steps up to the leading edge of integrated coverage of key issues in the design of high-speed TCP/IP and ATM networks to include the following topics: bull; bull;Unified coverage of integrated and differentiated services. bull;Up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of TCP performance. bull;Thorough coverage of next-generation Internet protocols including (RSVP), (MPLS), (RTP), and the use of Ipv6. bull;Unified treatment of congestion in data networks; packet-switching, frame relay, ATM networks, and IP-based internets. bull;Broad and detailed coverage of routing, unicast, and multicast. bull;Comprehensive coverage of ATM; basic technology and the newest traffic control standards. bull;Solid, easy-to-absorb mathematical background enabling understanding of the issues related to high-speed network performance and design. bull;Up-to-date treatment of gigabit Ethernet. bull;The first treatment of self-similar traffic for performance assessment in a textbook on networks (Explains the mathematics behind self-similar traffic and shows the performance implications and how to estimate performance parameters.) bull;Up-to-date coverage of compression. (A comprehensive survey.) bull;Coverage of gigabit networks. Gigabit design issues permeate the book.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
PART ONE BACKGROUND 1
Introduction	3	(24)
A Brief Networking History	4	(9)
The Need for Speed and Quality of Service	13	(5)
Advanced TCP/IP and ATM Networks	18	(3)
Outline of the Book	21	(6)
Internet and Web Resources	23	(4)
Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite	27	(20)
The Need for a Protocol Architecture	27	(1)
The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture	28	(8)
The OSI Model	36	(1)
Internetworking	37	(7)
Recommended Reading and Web Site	44	(1)
Problems	44	(3)
TCP and IP	47	(24)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)	47	(3)
User Datagram Protocol	50	(1)
The Internet Protocol (IP)	51	(8)
IPv6	59	(9)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	68	(1)
Problems	69	(2)
PART TWO HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS	71	(84)
Frame Relay	73	(18)
Packet-Switching Networks	73	(9)
Frame Relay Networks	82	(6)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	88	(1)
Problems	89	(2)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode	91	(30)
ATM Protocol Architecture	92	(1)
ATM Logical Connections	93	(5)
ATM Cells	98	(6)
ATM Service Categories	104	(3)
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)	107	(11)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	118	(1)
Problems	118	(3)
High-Speed LANs	121	(34)
The Emergence of High-Speed LANs	122	(1)
Ethernet	123	(17)
Fibre Channel	140	(4)
Wireless LANs	144	(8)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	152	(1)
Problems	153	(2)
PART THREE PERFORMANCE MODELING AND ESTIMATION	155	(94)
Overview of Probability and Stochastic Process	159	(24)
Probability	159	(5)
Random Variables	164	(6)
Stochastic Processes	170	(9)
Recommended Reading and Web Site	179	(1)
Problems	179	(4)
Queuing Analysis	183	(36)
How Queues Behave-A Simple Example	184	(4)
Why Queuing Analysis	188	(1)
Queuing Models	189	(8)
Single-Server Queues	197	(2)
Multiserver Queues	199	(1)
Examples	200	(5)
Queues with Priorities	205	(1)
Networks of Queues	206	(4)
Other Queuing Models	210	(1)
Estimating Model Parameters	211	(3)
Recommended Reading and Web Site	214	(1)
Problems	215	(4)
Self-Similar Traffic	219	(30)
Self-Similarity	220	(3)
Self-Similar Data Traffic	223	(9)
Examples of Self-Similar Data Traffic	232	(5)
Performance Implications of Self-Similarity	237	(4)
Modeling and Estimation of Self-Similar Data Traffic	241	(3)
Recommended Reading and Web Site	244	(1)
Problems	245	(4)
The Hurst Self-Similarity Parameter	245	(4)
PART FOUR CONGESTION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT	249	(148)
Congestion Control in Data Networks and Internets	253	(22)
Effects of Congestion	254	(5)
Congestion and Control	259	(3)
Traffic Management	262	(2)
Congestion Control in Packet-Switching Networks	264	(1)
Frame Relay Congestion Control	264	(6)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	270	(1)
Problems	271	(4)
Link-Level Flow and Error Control	275	(34)
The Need for Flow and Error Control	276	(3)
Link Control Mechanisms	279	(9)
ARQ Performance	288	(11)
Recommended Reading	299	(1)
Problems	300	(9)
High-Level Data Link Control	302	(7)
TCP Traffic Control	309	(46)
TCP Flow Control	309	(13)
TCP Congestion Control	322	(18)
Performance of TCP Over ATM	340	(12)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	352	(1)
Problems	353	(2)
Traffic and Congestion Control in ATM Networks	355	(42)
Requirements for ATM Traffic and Congestion Control	356	(5)
ATM Traffic-Related Attributes	361	(5)
Traffic Management Framework	366	(1)
Traffic Control	367	(13)
ABR Traffic Management	380	(11)
GFR Traffic Management	391	(4)
Recommended Reading	395	(1)
Problems	396	(1)
PART FIVE INTERNET ROUTING	397	(70)
Overview of Graph Theory and Least-Cost Paths	401	(18)
Elementary Concepts of Graph Theory	402	(7)
Shortest Path Length Determination	409	(6)
Recommended Reading	415	(1)
Problems	415	(4)
Interior Routing Protocols	419	(24)
Internet Routing Principles	419	(7)
Distance-Vector Protocol: RIP	426	(7)
Link-State Protocol: OSPF	433	(8)
Recommended Reading and Web Site	441	(1)
Problems	442	(1)
Exterior Routing Protocols and Multicast	443	(24)
Path-Vector Protocols: BGP and IDRP	443	(7)
Multicasting	450	(15)
Recommended Reading and Web Site	465	(1)
Problems	465	(2)
PART SIX QUALITY OF SERVICE IN IP NETWORKS	467	(80)
Integrated and Differentiated Services	469	(38)
Integrated Services Architecture (ISA)	470	(7)
Queuing Discipline	477	(8)
Random Early Detection	485	(7)
Differentiated Services	492	(8)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	500	(2)
Problems	502	(5)
Real-Time Traffic	503	(4)
Protocols for QoS Support	507	(40)
Resource Reservation: RSVP	508	(13)
Multiprotocol Label Switching	521	(12)
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)	533	(11)
Recommended Reading and web Sites	544	(1)
Problems	545	(2)
PART SEVEN COMPRESSION	547	(132)
Overview of Information Theory	549	(14)
Information and Entropy	549	(5)
Coding	554	(7)
Recommended Reading	561	(1)
Problems	561	(2)
Lossless Compression	563	(28)
Run-Length Encoding Techniques	564	(3)
Facsimile Compression	567	(7)
Arithmetic Coding	574	(7)
String-Matching Algorithms	581	(6)
Recommended Reading and Web Site	587	(1)
Problems	588	(3)
Lossy Compression	591	(88)
Discrete Cosine Transform	592	(6)
Wavelet Compression	598	(10)
JPEG Image Compression	608	(11)
MPEG Video Compression	619	(6)
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	625	(2)
Problems	627	(2)
APPENDICES
Appendix A Standards and Standards-Setting Organizations	629	(10)
A.1 The Importance of Standards	629	(1)
A.2 Standards and Regulation	630	(1)
A.3 Internet Standards and the Internet Society	631	(4)
A.4 The International Telecommunications Union	635	(1)
A.5 IEEE 802 Standards	636	(3)
Appendix B Sockets	639	(40)
B.1 Versions of Sockets	640	(1)
B.2 Sockets, Socket Descriptors, Ports, and Connection	641	(1)
B.3 The Client/Server Model of Communication	642	(2)
B.4 Sockets Elements	644	(16)
B.5 Stream and Datagram Sockets	660	(5)
B.6 Run-Time Program Control	665	(4)
B.7 Remote Execution of a Windows Console Application	669	(10)
Glossary	679	(8)
References	687	(14)
Index	701

Excerpts

This book aims at helping to disentangle from an immense mass of material the crucial issues and cardinal decisions. Throughout I have set myself to explain faithfully and to the best of my ability what happened and why. --The World Crisis,Winston Churchill BACKGROUND High-speed networks now dominate both the wide-area network (WAN) and local area network (LAN) markets. In the WAN market, two related trench have appeared. Public and private data networks have evolved from packet switching networks in the 10s and 100s of kbps, to frame relay networks operating at up to 2 Mbps, and now to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM networks operating at 155 Mbps or more. For the Internet and private corporate internets, data rates have also soared, with one noteworthy milestone being the construction of a 155-Mbps backbone in 1996. For many years, the most common LAN was the 10-Mbps shared Ethernet. Then came the switched Ethernet, which offers a dedicated 10 Mbps to each end system. This was followed by Fast Ethernet at 100 Mbp a and now Gigabit Ethernet and 10-Gbps Ethernet. Recent years have also seen the introduction of Fibre Channel LANs with speeds up to 3.2 Gbps and wireless LANs with speeds up to 54 Mbps. This rapid introduction of high-speed networks has spurred the development of new applications and has in turn been driven by the popularity o. those applications. Key driving forces have been the increasing use of stir image and video data in applications and the popularity of the World Wide Web. OBJECTIVES High-speed networks, including gigabit networks, form the focus of the book. Design issues related to two types of networks occupy our attention: internets based on the Internet Protocol (IP) and the entire TCP/IP protocol suite, and ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks. These two networking technologies dominate the high-speed scene and share many common design approaches. The objective of this book is to provide an up-to-date survey of developments in this area. Central problems that confront the network designer are the need to support multimedia and real-time traffic, the need to control congestion, and the need to provide different levels of quality of service (QoS) to different applications. INTENDED AUDIENCE This book is intended for both a professional and an academic audience. For the professional interested in this field, the book serves as a basic reference volume and is suitable for self-study. As a textbook, it is suitable for an advanced undergraduate or graduate course. The book treats a number of advanced topics and provides a brief survey of the required elementary topics. After Parts One and Two, the parts are relatively independent. Fewer parts could be covered for a shorter course, and the parts can be covered in any order. PLAN OF THE BOOK The book is divided into seven parts: Part One. Background:Provides a brief survey of fundamental principles, with coverage of TCP/IP and internetworking. Part Two. High-Speed Networks:Provides an overview of frame relay networks, ATM networks, and high-speed LANs. Part Three. Performance Modeling and Estimation:The modeling of traffic flow is important both for network design and configuration and for the request of network services. This part provides a tutorial on the use of queuing analysis to model throughput, delay, and buffer requirements. There is increasing evidence that much of the traffic on high-speed networks is self-similar, for which the traditional queuing analysis does not apply. The nature of self-similar traffic, and modeling approaches, are examined. Part Four. Congestion and Traffic Management:Begins with a discussion of congestion control issues and design approaches for networks and internets. The relatively simple case of link level flow control is used to intro