High-Yield™ Cell and Molecular Biology

by Dudek, Ronald W.

• ISBN13: 9780683303599
• ISBN10: 0683303597
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-08-16
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

High-Yield Cell and Molecular Biology gives you more of what you need to prepare you for the USMLE Step 1! The information found in this text provides a strong understanding of introductory undergraduate cell and molecular biology which serves as a valuable review resource for the board exam. As part of the High-Yield Series, material is presented in a concise, uncluttered fashion. The sections cover information typically found in a second year molecular biology course such as chromosomal DNA, chromosome replication and DNA synthesis, molecular genetics, gene amplification, inherited diseases and molecular immunology. Well illustrated, this text provides students with a strong foundation to prepare them for more advanced work in cell and molecular biology. It also serves as a great source for course review.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Packaging of Chromosomal DNA	1	(5)
Nucleic acids	1	(1)
The human genome	1	(1)
Chromosomes	1	(2)
Genes	3	(1)
Chromatin	3	(3)
Chromosome Replication and DNA Synthesis	6	(6)
Introduction	6	(1)
Replication fork	6	(3)
Telomere	9	(1)
Damage and repair of DNA	10	(1)
Clinical importance of DNA repair mechanisms	10	(2)
Genetic Recombination	12	(2)
Introduction	12	(1)
General recombination	12	(1)
Site-specific recombination	12	(2)
Transposable Elements	14	(4)
Introduction	14	(1)
Mechanisms of transposition	14	(2)
Transposable elements and genetic variability	16	(2)
Gene Amplification	18	(2)
Introduction	18	(1)
Clinical considerations	18	(2)
Recombinant DNA Technology	20	(16)
Introduction	20	(1)
Restriction enzymes	20	(1)
Gel electrophoresis	20	(1)
Enzymatic method of DNA sequencing	20	(1)
Southern blotting and prenatal testing for sickle cell anemia	20	(3)
Isolating a human gene with DNA cloning	23	(1)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	23	(2)
Producing a protein from a cloned gene	25	(1)
Site-directed mutagenesis and transgenic animals	25	(11)
Control of Gene Expression	36	(6)
Introduction	36	(1)
Mechanism of gene regulation	36	(1)
Structure of transcription factors and gene regulatory proteins	36	(5)
Clinical consideration: growth hormone deficiency and Pit-1 transcription factor	41	(1)
The lac operon	41	(1)
Summary	41	(1)
Protein Synthesis	42	(6)
Transcription	42	(1)
Converting an RNA transcript to mRNA	42	(1)
Translation	43	(3)
Clinical considerations	46	(2)
The Nucleolus	48	(3)
Organization of the nucleolus	48	(1)
Assembly of the ribosome	48	(1)
Ultrastructure of the nucleolus	48	(3)
Mutations of the DNA Sequence	51	(5)
Silent mutations	51	(1)
Missense mutations	51	(1)
Nonsense mutations	51	(1)
Frameshift mutations	51	(1)
Translocation mutations	51	(1)
RNA splicing mutations	51	(4)
Transposable element mutations	55	(1)
Trinculeotide repeat mutations	55	(1)
Molecular Genetics	56	(7)
Polymorphisms	56	(1)
Linkage (coinheritance)	56	(2)
Population genetics	58	(5)
Inherited Diseases	63	(8)
Autosomal dominant inheritance	63	(1)
Autosomal recessive inheritance	63	(3)
X-Linked recessive inheritance	66	(1)
Mitochondrial inheritance	66	(3)
Multifactorial inheritance	69	(1)
Table of inherited disorders	69	(2)
Multifactorial Inherited Diseases	71	(2)
Definition	71	(1)
Example: type I diabetes	71	(2)
Proto-oncogenes, Oncogenes, and Anti-oncogenes	73	(7)
Definitions	73	(1)
Designations	73	(1)
Classification of oncogenes	73	(1)
Mechanism of action of the ras proto-oncogene	73	(1)
Anti-oncogenes (tumor-suppressor genes)	74	(3)
Molecular pathology of colorectal cancer	77	(3)
The Cell Cycle	80	(5)
Phases of the cell cycle	80	(1)
Control of the cell cycle	80	(2)
Stages of the M phase	82	(3)
Homeotic Genes and Anterior--Posterior Body Pattern Formation	85	(4)
Introduction	85	(1)
Human homeotic genes	85	(4)
Mitochondrial Genes	89	(2)
Introduction	89	(1)
Gene products that are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)	89	(1)
Other mitochondrial proteins	89	(1)
Mitochondrial diseases	89	(2)
Molecular Immunology	91	(8)
The clonal selection theory	91	(1)
The B lymphocyte (B cell)	91	(3)
The T lymphocyte (T cell)	94	(3)
Clinical considerations	97	(2)
Receptors and Signal Transduction	99	(11)
Ion channel-linked receptors	99	(2)
G-protein-linked receptors	101	(3)
Enzyme-linked receptors	104	(3)
Steroid hormone (intracellular) receptors	107	(1)
Receptor types	107	(1)
Nitric oxide (NO)	107	(3)
Receptor-mediated endocytosis	110