The Hispanic Presence in North America

by Fernandez-Shaw, Carlos M.; Rosales, Gerardo Pina; Stourton, Alfonso Bertodano

• ISBN13: 9780816040100
• ISBN10: 0816040109
• Edition: Revised
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-07-01
• Publisher: Facts on File

Summary

This unique guide studies the role of Spanish explorers, missionaries, and settlers in the United States from the fifteenth century. The first half of the book provides a concise overview of the Spanish discovery and influence in the New World, with an emphasis on early exploration and colonization, Spain's role in the Revolutionary War, and its legacy in American culture, economy, and law.

The appendixes that compose the second half of this volume have been extensively revised and expanded, providing a ready reference source of both historical facts and useful information about Hispanic culture in America today. A new section on important dates in the history of Hispanic presence in the United States is provided.

Author Biography

Carlos M. Fernandez-Shaw is a historian, lawyer, writer, and diplomat. He has spent 40 years in service at embassies in Denmark, Sweden, Paraguay, Canada, and Italy. In the United States, he has served in the Spanish embassy in Washington, D.C., as cultural attache and head of the cultural office; he is also the former consul general of Spain in Miami, Florida. He has been an ambassador in Paraguay, Australia, New Zealand, and countries of the South Pacific. Gerardo Pina Rosales is a professor of Spanish language and literature at the City University of New York, Gehman College and Graduate Center. He studied at the University of Granada, the University of Salamanca, and the University of the City of New York, from which he received a master's degree and Ph.D.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Updated Edition	ix	(2)
Preface to the First Edition	xi	(2)
Introduction	xiii
PART I: A GENERAL HISTORY	1	(46)
Discovery and Exploration	1	(11)
Christopher Columbus	1	(1)
The Years Before 1607	2	(2)
The Years After 1607	4	(2)
The Extent of the Hispanic Influence	6	(1)
Spain's Role in the War of Independence	7	(5)
The Missionaries	12	(3)
Colonization	15	(9)
The Spanish Colonists	15	(3)
The Present Hispanic Population	18	(2)
Some Outstanding Americans of Spanish Origin	20	(2)
The Role of Spanish Women	22	(2)
Hispanic Culture	24	(14)
Literature	24	(1)
Music	25	(1)
Architecture and Other Arts	25	(1)
State Flags, Coats of Arms and Other Symbols	26	(2)
The Spanish Language	28	(2)
Cultural Exchanges	30	(1)
Associations and Institutions	31	(1)
Hispanic Scholars	32	(3)
Geographical Names	35	(3)
Contributions to the Economy and the Law	38	(9)
Agriculture and Livestock	38	(1)
Roads	39	(1)
The Spanish Dollar	40	(2)
Land Grants	42	(2)
Spanish Law	44	(3)
PART II: THE ATLANTIC COAST STATES	47	(77)
New England	47	(4)
Vermont and New Hampshire	47	(1)
Maine	47	(1)
Massachusetts	48	(2)
Rhode Island	50	(1)
Connecticut	51	(1)
New York	51	(7)
New York City	52	(2)
Universities and Other Institutions	54	(1)
Hispanic Art	55	(1)
Theater and Music	56	(2)
The Mid-Atlantic States	58	(6)
New Jersey	58	(1)
Pennsylvania	59	(3)
Delaware	62	(1)
Maryland	62	(2)
Washington, D.C.	64	(5)
The Two Virginias	69	(2)
North Carolina	71	(4)
De Soto, Pardo and Boyano	72	(1)
The State of Franklin	73	(2)
South Carolina	75	(4)
Vazquez de Ayllon and the First Settlement: San Miguel de Gualdape	75	(1)
Santa Elena and the Hazards of Survival	76	(1)
Pardo, Boyano and de Soto	77	(1)
Charleston	78	(1)
Georgia	79	(10)
Conquistadores and Explorers: De Soto, Pardo, Boyano and Others	79	(2)
Missionaries	81	(1)
St. Catherines Island	82	(1)
The Neighboring Coastline and the Domain of Juanillo	83	(2)
St. Simons Island and Jekyll Island	85	(1)
Cumberland Island and the Mainland	86	(1)
The Southwest	87	(2)
Florida	89	(1)
East Coast: Independent Republics on Amelia Island	90	(34)
Jacksonville	92	(1)
St. Augustine: The First City and the "Fountain of Youth"	93	(9)
South of St. Augustine	102	(1)
Miami	103	(3)
The Keys and Fort Santa Lucia	106	(1)
Bradenton and Hernando de Soto	107	(1)
Tampa Bay	108	(2)
Central Florida: Narvaez and de Soto	110	(1)
North Florida: Gainesville and Tallahassee	111	(1)
Missions Along El Camino Real	112	(2)
Fort St. Marks	114	(1)
Pensacola	115	(9)
PART III: STATES ON THE EAST BANK OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER	124	(27)
Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio	124	(4)
Illinois	124	(1)
Chicago	124	(1)
Western Illinois	125	(1)
Wisconsin	126	(1)
Indiana	126	(1)
Michigan	127	(1)
Ohio	127	(1)
Kentucky and Tennessee	128	(8)
Kentucky	128	(4)
Tennessee	132	(4)
Alabama	136	(7)
Hernando de Soto and Other Explorers	136	(1)
Fort Esteban and the Ellicott Line	137	(1)
Mobile	138	(1)
Spanish Rule in Mobile	139	(2)
McGillivray	141	(2)
Mississippi	143	(8)
The Spanish History	144	(1)
Natchez	145	(1)
O'Fallon and Clark	145	(6)
PART IV: STATES ON THE WEST BANK OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER	151	(26)
Louisiana	151	(12)
The Conquistadores: Pineda, Narvaez and de Soto	151	(1)
The Spanish Governors: Ulloa, O'Reilly and Unzaga	151	(1)
Bernardo de Galvez and the War of Independence	152	(2)
The Later Governors	154	(1)
New Orleans	155	(3)
South Louisiana	158	(1)
Baton Rouge	159	(1)
Galveztown	160	(1)
Central Louisiana	160	(2)
North Louisiana	162	(1)
Missouri	163	(5)
Early Spanish History	163	(2)
The Transfer of Upper Louisiana	165	(1)
St. Louis	165	(1)
Northern Missouri	166	(1)
Southern Missouri	166	(2)
Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska	168	(7)
Hernando de Soto in Arkansas	168	(1)
Arkansas Post and Esperanza	169	(1)
Coronado and Other Explorers in Oklahoma	170	(1)
Kansas	171	(1)
Vazquez de Coronado and Father Juan de Padilla	171	(1)
Juan de Onate in the Kingdom of Quivira and Later Spanish Expeditions	172	(1)
Nebraska: Coronado, Onate and Other Explorers	173	(1)
Manuel Lisa	174	(1)
The Two Dakotas, Minnesota and Iowa	175	(2)
South Dakota and North Dakota	175	(1)
Minnesota	175	(1)
Iowa	175	(2)
PART V: STATES OF THE SOUTHWEST	177	(48)
Texas	177	(12)
The Spanish Past	177	(5)
A Sovereign and Independent State	182	(1)
Modern Cities	182	(1)
San Antonio	183	(2)
Central and Southern Texas: Missions and Presidios	185	(2)
Southwestern and Western Texas: Missions and Presidios on the Rio Grande	187	(2)
New Mexico	189	(23)
Early History	190	(4)
Conquest by the United States	194	(1)
The Spanish Heritage	195	(2)
Santa Fe	197	(1)
The 1680 Uprising and the Reconquest	197	(3)
The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries	200	(1)
Santa Fe Today	201	(2)
Western New Mexico	203	(3)
Central New Mexico: Albuquerque	206	(2)
Missions in Northern New Mexico	208	(1)
Santa Cruz and San Juan	209	(1)
Taos	210	(1)
Pecos	211	(1)
Arizona	212	(13)
The Grand Canyon and the Lower Colorado	222	(1)
Northern Arizona: Tusayan	223	(1)
Father Kino and Father Salvatierra in Southern Arizona	224	(1)
Tumacacori and Other Missions	225	(2)
San Xavier del Bac Mission	227	(1)
Tucson	228	(2)
Phoenix	230
PART VI: THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES	225	(12)
Colorado	225	(7)
Spanish History	225	(4)
Colorado Today	229	(3)
Nevada and Utah	232	(3)
Nevada	232	(1)
Utah	233	(2)
Wyoming, Montana and Idaho	235	(2)
Wyoming	235	(1)
Montana	235	(1)
Idaho	236	(1)
PART VII: PACIFIC COAST STATES	237	(42)
California	237	(27)
Discovery	237	(5)
Missionaries	242	(1)
San Diego	243	(3)
Missions South of Los Angeles	246	(1)
Los Angeles	247	(2)
Missions North of Los Angeles	249	(1)
Santa Barbara	250	(2)
Missions North of Santa Barbara	252	(3)
Monterey	255	(3)
Missions South of San Francisco	258	(1)
San Francisco	259	(3)
North of San Francisco	262	(1)
The Northern Coast	263	(1)
Oregon and Washington	264	(5)
Oregon	264	(1)
Explorations by Sea	265	(2)
Washington: Explorations by Sea	267	(1)
The Nootka Controversy	268	(1)
The Distant States: Alaska and Hawaii	269	(10)
Alaska	269	(1)
Exploration by Sea	269	(4)
Hawaii: Explorations by Sea	273	(1)
British Expeditions	274	(1)
The Territory of Guam	275	(4)
APPENDIXES	279	(100)
History	279	(20)
Significant Dates of the Spanish Presence in Colonial America	279	(2)
Spanish Governors in the United States	281	(2)
Spanish Missions in the United States	283	(2)
Spanish Forts and Presidios in the United States	285	(1)
Events in Which the Spanish Were Forerunners in the United States	286	(2)
Historical Societies	288	(9)
National Parks, Monuments and Other Sites of Historic Interest	297	(2)
Language and Culture	299	(47)
North American Universities and Colleges with Chapters of Sigma Delta Pi, the National Collegiate Hispanic Honor Society	299	(23)
State Chapters of the American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese (AATSP)	322	(4)
Hispanic Associations	326	(15)
Holidays and Festivals	341	(5)
Media	346	(33)
Periodicals Published in Spanish	346	(13)
Periodicals That Highlight Hispanic History and Culture	359	(12)
Radio and Television Stations That Broadcast in Spanish	371	(8)
Selected Readings	379	(6)
Index	385

Excerpts

Over 20,000 Copies of the previous edition sold.
Hispanic traditions have helped shape our national character for nearly 500 years and continue to make distinctive contributions to our wide-ranging American culture. This unique guide studies the role of Spanish explorers, missionaries, and settlers in the United States from the 15th century.
The first half of the book provides a concise overview of the Spanish discovery and influence in the New World, with an emphasis on early exploration and colonization, Spain's role in the Revolutionary War, and its legacy in American culture, economy, and law. A state-by-state survey reveals, not only the Hispanic contribution to such states as Florida, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, and California, but also the lesser-known exploits of the Spanish in New England, the mid-Atlantic states, Alaska, and Hawaii.
The appendixes that compose the second half of this volume have been extensively revised and expanded, providing a ready reference source of both historical facts and useful information about Hispanic culture in America today, including:
•